scholarly journals Life cycle and development rate of Hemipyrellia ligurriens (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) during monsoon season in South India: applications in estimation of postmortem interval

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Binoy C. F. ◽  
Binoy C. F.
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
South India ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Blow Fly ◽  
Post Mortem Interval

Hemipyrellia ligurriens, considered as one of the forensically important blow fly species, has a wide distribution in many countries including India. To conduct forensic entomological investigations involving deaths of livestock, human beings and wild animals, standard life cycle data should be prepared for the local blow fly species under various weather conditions. Reliable forensic entomological data specific to geographic locations in India are not available presently to assist the post mortem interval assessment. In this study, life cycle and the rate of development of H.ligurriens was determined during monsoon season in Kerala, South India. Survival rate observed from egg to adult emergence was 44.68 %. Total duration of development of the species from oviposition till adult emergence was 462.57 h. Growth curves based on the age, specific length parameter and time taken for development of each larval stage was constructed. This development model would be helpful for the medical, veterinary and law enforcement officials in forensic estimation of post mortem interval by analyzing the length parameters of larvae collected from decomposed dead bodies of humans, cadavers of wild animals and livestock.

scholarly journals Impact of Comingled Heterospecific Assemblages on Developmentally Based Estimates of the Post-Mortem Interval—A Study with Lucilia sericata (Meigen), Phormia regina (Meigen) and Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Krystal R. Hans ◽  
Sherah L. Vanlaerhoven
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Lucilia Sericata ◽  
Phormia Regina ◽  
Calliphora Vicina ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Blow Fly ◽  
Blow Flies ◽  
Post Mortem Interval

Estimates of the minimum post-mortem interval (mPMI) using the development rate of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are common in modern forensic entomology casework. These estimates are based on single species developing in the absence of heterospecific interactions. Yet, in real-world situations, it is not uncommon to have 2 or more blow fly species developing on a body. Species interactions have the potential to change the acceptance of resources as suitable for oviposition, the timing of oviposition, growth rate, size and development time of immature stages, as well as impacting the survival of immature stages to reach adult. This study measured larval development and growth rate of the blow flies Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826), Phormia regina (Meigen, 1826) and Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae) over five constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 °C), in the presence of conspecifics or two-species heterospecific assemblages. Temperature and species treatment interacted such that L. sericata larvae gained mass more rapidly when in the presence of P. regina at 20 and 30 °C, however only developed faster at first instar. At later stages, the presence of P. regina slowed development of L. sericata immatures. Development time of C. vicina immatures was not affected by the presence of P. regina, however larvae gained mass more slowly. Development time of P. regina immatures was faster in the presence of either L. sericata or C. vicina until third instar, at which point, the presence of L. sericata was neutral whereas C. vicina negatively impacted development time. Phormia regina larvae gained mass more rapidly in the presence of L. sericata at 20 °C but were negatively impacted at 25 °C by the presence of either L. sericata or C. vicina. The results of this study indicate that metrics such as development time or larval mass used for estimating mPMI with blow flies are impacted by the presence of comingled heterospecific blow fly assemblages. As the effects of heterospecific assemblages are not uniformly positive or negative between stages, temperatures or species combinations, more research into these effects is vital. Until then, caution should be used when estimating mPMI in cases with multiple blow fly species interacting on a body.

scholarly journals The Bionomics of predatory butterfly, apefly (Spalgis epius) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) on mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in cocoa

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1243-1247
Author(s):  
B. Kanagaraj ◽  
C. Kathirvelu
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Dorsal Side ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
The Face ◽  
Spalgis Epius ◽  
Wax Coating

Apefly, Spalgis epius (Westwood) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) is a small aphytophagous butterfly and their larvae feeds on the insects of Pseudococcidae, Hemiptera. In the present study, development of immature stages and life cycle of this predatory butterfly was observed on mealybugs, Paracoccus marginatus (Williams and Granara de Willink) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in cocoa under the laboratory conditions. The morphometry results indicated that the diameter of the egg was 0.52 ± 0.06 mm and the they were collected and kept in the laboratory at 25-30°C and 40-80% Relative Humidity. The eggs were greenish blue in colour and disk shaped, sculptured and both the top and bottom compacted with micropylar despair in the top and hatched in 4.16 ± 0.29 days. It undergoes four larval instars and the total larval period lasts 13.1 ± 0.12 days. The upper surface of the larval body was fully developed with wax coating.  The duration of the pre pupal stage was 3.00 ± 0.17 days. The mold on the hard dorsal side of the pupa resembled on the face of a monkey structure. The prepupal larva shrunk and turned toward dull black colour of the surface of body. The pupal period was recorded as 10.00 ± 0.04 days. The total duration from egg to adult emergence was noticed as 30.30 ± 0.33 days.  In adults, the patch is bigger in females than that in the males. The knowledge of development and life cycle of S. epius on factitious/natural hosts on various crops is advantageous to develop and standardize the mass culturing techniques for exploration of this potential species for predation of mealybugs. 

The effect of cyanide exposure to larvae weight for post mortem interval estimation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Idha Arfianti Wiraagni ◽  
Yudha Nurhantari ◽  
Siti Rahmah Umniyati
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Interval Estimation ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Cyanide Group ◽  
Human Cadavers ◽  
Pmi Estimation ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Flies are one type of insect, which decompose the organic component in animals, and human cadavers. Therefore, the insects can be used to help the investigators related to human law. One of the methods to determine Post Mortem Interval [PMI] was by identifying the insects that come in the decay process. Some chemicals can affect the development of the insect and its life cycle. Cyanide is widely used to commit murder in Indonesia. The effect of cyanide on the development and life cycle of insects is a very interesting field to study. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cyanide exposure to larvae weight for PMI estimation. This research was an experimental research that used larvae of Wistar rat carcass. The control group was killed by neck dislocation, while experimental group were killed by oral lethal doses of cyanide. Data were obtained from the measurement and examination of larvae, started from the 1st day until 4<sup>th</sup> day after death. Chrysomya, Sarcophaga, and Lucilia larvae were identified from this study. Sarcophaga larvae first appeared and next day followed by Chrysomya and Lucilia. There were significant differences in Chrysomya larvae weight. There were Chrysomya third instar larvae on the 4<sup>th</sup> day on cyanide group, with 56.4±16.8 mg of weight. There were Chrysomya third instar larvae on the 4<sup>th</sup> day on control group, with 30.4±5.5 mg of weight. The differences of larvae’s weight, among Sarcophaga and Lucilia larvae, could not be determined because there were not enough samples. Chrysomya third instar larvae of cyanide group significantly heavier than control group on 4<sup>th</sup> day. The differences of larvae weight, among Sarcophaga and Lucilia larvae, could not be determined because there were not enough samples.

scholarly journals TINJAUAN MEDIKOLEGAL PERKIRAAN SAAT KEMATIAN

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eklesia A Senduk ◽  
Johannis F. Mallo ◽  
Djemi Ch. Tomuka
Keyword(s):  
Crime Scene ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Legal Issue ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
The One ◽  
Close Relatives

Abstract: Most human beings will experience cycles of life, including the processes of natural conception, birth, and death. From the various life cycles mentioned, death is the one that still contains a huge mystery. Death also affects the close relatives and others connected to the deceased. Death  is not only a medical and social issue, but also an important legal issue. In homicide cases, the estimated time of death can help reveal the identity of the murderer,  and as a clue to the whereabouts of the crime scene. A certification of death made by a medical doctor will help the deceased’s relatives to claim insurance, legally change his/her marriage status, and  other legal interests. It is every medical doctor’s concern to master the basics of estimating post mortem intervals. Keywords: post mortem interval, death    Abstrak: Semua makhluk hidup termasuk manusia akan mengalami siklus kehidupan, berawal dari proses pembuahan, kelahiran, kehidupan didunia, dan diakhiri dengan kematian. Dengan kata lain semua manusia sudah didiagnosis untuk mati. Kematian tidak hanya akan mempengaruhi almarhum/almarhumah saja, namun juga keluarga maupun orang-orang yang terhubung dengan almarhum/almarhumah.  Kematian bukan hanya masalah medis dan sosial, namun juga merupakan masalah hukum yang teramat penting. Perkiraan saat kematian akan membantu penyidik untuk membuka identitas pembunuh, dan memberi petunjuk mengenai dimana sebenarnya tempat kejadian perkara. Sertifikasi kematian oleh dokter juga akan membantu keluarga almarhum untuk memperoleh hak hukumnya, seperti asuransi, perubahan status perkawinan dan kepentingan hukum lainnya. Pemahaman dasar-dasar perkiraan saat kematian menjadi kepentingan setiap dokter dalam melaksanakan tugasnya. Kata kunci: mati, perkiraan saat kematian.

scholarly journals 3. Flies Larva On White Rat Carcass (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) With Various Treatment Outdoor

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichsan Luqmana Indra Putra ◽  
Sadda Salisa Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
Insect Activity ◽  
Sarcophaga Argyrostoma

Insect activity including its life cycle can determine the estimated time of death or Post Mortem Interval (PMI). One type of insect that plays an important role in determining the estimated time of death is flies. This study aims to determine the types of flies that come to the carcass and to determine the types of flies that dominate and less dominate from each treatment onwhite rat (carcassesR. norvegicusmale) outdoors. This study consisted of 3 treatments with 3 repetitions each. The treatments included A (neck bone dislocation), B (burned), and C (poisoned). Carcass observations were carried out for 10 days and larvae collection was carried out every 2 days starting from the third day of observation. The parameters observed included the number and morphological characteristics of instar 3 fly larvae. The types of fly larvae found in all treatments were Lucilia illustris (5.42%), Sarcophaga sp (12.80%), Sarcophaga argyrostoma (30.62%), and Sarcophaga variegata (51.16%). The dominant fly larvae of the three treatments was S. variegata and the less dominant fly larvae was L. illustris.

Effect of Burning on Minimum Post-Mortem Interval (minPMI) Estimation from an Entomological Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amoret P. Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Blow Fly ◽  
Blow Flies ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Unexplained Death ◽  
Major Study ◽  
Oviposition Sites

Forensic entomologists are often employed to estimate the minimum post-mortem interval of bodies in cases of untimely or unexplained death. Although some cases have involved burnt remains, few studies have been carried out to assess whether entomology can still be utilised. Only one major study has been carried out which determined that even after a major house fire, blow fly larvae can still be identified and used to estimate a minimum post-mortem interval. Most studies have investigated whether burning affects the attraction of blow flies to burnt bodies, and their subsequent oviposition. Results vary, but suggest that blow flies may be more likely to oviposit on bodies which have undergone considerable burning, where the splitting of the skin has resulted in the exposure of suitable oviposition sites, whereas bodies only mildly burnt may be too dry for oviposition. In addition, although most studies have utilised some type of accelerant to facilitate the burning, this has not been taken into account with regards to blow fly attraction or larval development. This review paper gives an overview of the current literature relating to burnt bodies and the use of entomology to estimate a minimum post-mortem interval in such cases.

scholarly journals Specific identification, biology and symptoms of whitefly species infesting sunflower in South India

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-396
Author(s):  
V. N. Ghante ◽  
L. Rajesh Chowdary ◽  
M. R. Govindappa ◽  
M. Bheemanna ◽  
Arunkumar Hosamani
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
South India ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Specific Identification ◽  
Sunflower Crop ◽  
The Mean ◽  
B Biotype

Whitefly species related to sunflower was identified as Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Further the identified whitefly species was confirmed to be indigenous B. tabaci on molecular basis by using B-biotype specific SCARs and biological silver leaf assay on sensitive pumpkin (cv Big variety). None of the whitefly samples could positive for the presence of B biotype. The results of the study on the pest life cycle under the laboratory conditions showed that, B. tabaci passed through four nymphal instars before the adult stage. The mean duration values of these stages were 5.6, 4.2, 4.4 and 5.6 days respectively. The total duration of the life cycle of B. tabaci ranged from 23- 42 days at the temperature of 29±2°C with a mean of 34.5. The damage to sunflower crop caused by the whitefly species is discussed with a special emphasis on its ability to transmit leaf curl viral disease.

scholarly journals Evaluating the utility of time-lapse imaging in the estimation of post-mortem interval: An Australian case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyson Wilson ◽  
Stanley Serafin ◽  
Dilan Seckiner ◽  
Rachel Berry ◽  
Xanthé Mallett
Keyword(s):  
Time Lapse ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Australian Case ◽  
Time Lapse Imaging
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document