scholarly journals 3. Flies Larva On White Rat Carcass (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) With Various Treatment Outdoor

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichsan Luqmana Indra Putra ◽  
Sadda Salisa Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
Insect Activity ◽  
Sarcophaga Argyrostoma

Insect activity including its life cycle can determine the estimated time of death or Post Mortem Interval (PMI). One type of insect that plays an important role in determining the estimated time of death is flies. This study aims to determine the types of flies that come to the carcass and to determine the types of flies that dominate and less dominate from each treatment onwhite rat (carcassesR. norvegicusmale) outdoors. This study consisted of 3 treatments with 3 repetitions each. The treatments included A (neck bone dislocation), B (burned), and C (poisoned). Carcass observations were carried out for 10 days and larvae collection was carried out every 2 days starting from the third day of observation. The parameters observed included the number and morphological characteristics of instar 3 fly larvae. The types of fly larvae found in all treatments were Lucilia illustris (5.42%), Sarcophaga sp (12.80%), Sarcophaga argyrostoma (30.62%), and Sarcophaga variegata (51.16%). The dominant fly larvae of the three treatments was S. variegata and the less dominant fly larvae was L. illustris.

A Review of the Literature as to the Present Possibilities and Limitations in Estimating the Time of Death

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Van Den Oever
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Large Error ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Suitable Combination ◽  
Exact Moment ◽  
The Individual

Determining the exact moment of death in medicolegal cases is not possible since post-mortem changes of the human body are variable and often misjudged. The most reliable physical and biochemical methods of estimating the post-mortem interval are reviewed and the author tries to find out why, in spite of all the previous studies, which have often given good results, the individual methods are neither popular nor practical in routine forensic medicine cases. For greater accuracy in estimating the time of death further investigation should be carried out to find a suitable combination of some physical and biochemical tests complementary to the data produced by each method and preventing the rather large error range of each individual test.

scholarly journals Succession pattern of invertebrates on an unburied corpse of a cat suffering from cancer: A case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (03) ◽  
pp. 6366-2020
Author(s):  
KATARZYNA CZEPIEL-MIL ◽  
ROBERT STRYJECKI ◽  
PIOTR LISTOS ◽  
DANUTA KOWALCZYK-PECKA ◽  
KAMIL WYDRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Forensic Entomology ◽  
Calliphora Vicina ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
First Instar ◽  
The Family

Forensic entomology frequently assists forensic medicine in legal investigations. It makes it possible to estimate the time of death when a cadaver is recovered at a relatively advanced stage of decomposition. In criminalistics practice, unburied bodies are found the most commonly, and therefore the fauna of these cadavers is the best investigated. The aim of this study was to collect a succession of insects and other invertebrates occurring on an unburied corpse. The experiment was conducted on the carcass of a cat euthanized due to an advanced cancer process. The carcass was colonized by three phyla of animals: Annelidae, Mollusca, and Arthropoda. They belonged to 7 classes and 10 orders. The most diverse were Arthropoda. They were classified into 5 classes: Insecta, Diplopoda, Malacostraca, Entognata, and Arachnida, and into 8 orders: Julida, Isopoda, Collembola, Diptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Araneae, and Acari. The fly species Calliphora vicina from the family Calliphoridae is of particular interest among the insects collected because it is one of the fundamental indicator species whose life cycle makes it possible to determine an approximate time of death. During the study it was noted that arthropods occurred in a certain pattern of succession, predictable in forensic entomology. The first group was Calliphora vicina (Calliphoridae, Diptera), which laid eggs. The next (second) group consisted of first-instar C. vicina larvae and insects feeding on these larvae, such as Philonthus tenuicornis (Staphylinidae, Coleoptera). The first stage of succession was the appearance of eggs of C. vicina. The second phase was the appearance of adult flies other than Calliphoridae and of accidental species, as well as beetles (e.g. Philonthus tenuicornis, Staphylinidae, Coleoptera) feeding on larvae of C. vicina. The third phase of succession was the appearance of all larvae stages of C. vicina that continued and finished their life cycle.

The Effect of the Post-Mortem Interval on the Level of Creatine in Vitreous Humour

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Piette
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Vitreous Humour ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Satisfactory Correlation

By means of 103 medico-legal autopsies it was established that a rise in the creatine level occurs in the vitreous humour after death. In view of the satisfactory correlation between the post-mortem interval and the creatine level in the vitreous humour (r = 0.84, p < 0.001) investigations were undertaken as to whether the creatine level in vitreous humour can serve in current medico-legal practice as an indication for the post-mortem interval, especially for the later period (more than three days). On balance this creatine determination is only useful when combined with all other medico-legal parameters that establish the time of death, remembering that the confidence-interval in the investigations was rather wide.

The effect of cyanide exposure to larvae weight for post mortem interval estimation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Idha Arfianti Wiraagni ◽  
Yudha Nurhantari ◽  
Siti Rahmah Umniyati
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Interval Estimation ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Cyanide Group ◽  
Human Cadavers ◽  
Pmi Estimation ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Flies are one type of insect, which decompose the organic component in animals, and human cadavers. Therefore, the insects can be used to help the investigators related to human law. One of the methods to determine Post Mortem Interval [PMI] was by identifying the insects that come in the decay process. Some chemicals can affect the development of the insect and its life cycle. Cyanide is widely used to commit murder in Indonesia. The effect of cyanide on the development and life cycle of insects is a very interesting field to study. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cyanide exposure to larvae weight for PMI estimation. This research was an experimental research that used larvae of Wistar rat carcass. The control group was killed by neck dislocation, while experimental group were killed by oral lethal doses of cyanide. Data were obtained from the measurement and examination of larvae, started from the 1st day until 4<sup>th</sup> day after death. Chrysomya, Sarcophaga, and Lucilia larvae were identified from this study. Sarcophaga larvae first appeared and next day followed by Chrysomya and Lucilia. There were significant differences in Chrysomya larvae weight. There were Chrysomya third instar larvae on the 4<sup>th</sup> day on cyanide group, with 56.4±16.8 mg of weight. There were Chrysomya third instar larvae on the 4<sup>th</sup> day on control group, with 30.4±5.5 mg of weight. The differences of larvae’s weight, among Sarcophaga and Lucilia larvae, could not be determined because there were not enough samples. Chrysomya third instar larvae of cyanide group significantly heavier than control group on 4<sup>th</sup> day. The differences of larvae weight, among Sarcophaga and Lucilia larvae, could not be determined because there were not enough samples.

scholarly journals TINJAUAN MEDIKOLEGAL PERKIRAAN SAAT KEMATIAN

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eklesia A Senduk ◽  
Johannis F. Mallo ◽  
Djemi Ch. Tomuka
Keyword(s):  
Crime Scene ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Legal Issue ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
The One ◽  
Close Relatives

Abstract: Most human beings will experience cycles of life, including the processes of natural conception, birth, and death. From the various life cycles mentioned, death is the one that still contains a huge mystery. Death also affects the close relatives and others connected to the deceased. Death  is not only a medical and social issue, but also an important legal issue. In homicide cases, the estimated time of death can help reveal the identity of the murderer,  and as a clue to the whereabouts of the crime scene. A certification of death made by a medical doctor will help the deceased’s relatives to claim insurance, legally change his/her marriage status, and  other legal interests. It is every medical doctor’s concern to master the basics of estimating post mortem intervals. Keywords: post mortem interval, death    Abstrak: Semua makhluk hidup termasuk manusia akan mengalami siklus kehidupan, berawal dari proses pembuahan, kelahiran, kehidupan didunia, dan diakhiri dengan kematian. Dengan kata lain semua manusia sudah didiagnosis untuk mati. Kematian tidak hanya akan mempengaruhi almarhum/almarhumah saja, namun juga keluarga maupun orang-orang yang terhubung dengan almarhum/almarhumah.  Kematian bukan hanya masalah medis dan sosial, namun juga merupakan masalah hukum yang teramat penting. Perkiraan saat kematian akan membantu penyidik untuk membuka identitas pembunuh, dan memberi petunjuk mengenai dimana sebenarnya tempat kejadian perkara. Sertifikasi kematian oleh dokter juga akan membantu keluarga almarhum untuk memperoleh hak hukumnya, seperti asuransi, perubahan status perkawinan dan kepentingan hukum lainnya. Pemahaman dasar-dasar perkiraan saat kematian menjadi kepentingan setiap dokter dalam melaksanakan tugasnya. Kata kunci: mati, perkiraan saat kematian.

scholarly journals Changes in the Microbiome at the Onset and End of Decomposition

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
J Thomas Mc Clintock ◽  
◽  
Michael J Erquiaga ◽  
Mia R Fabbri ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Bacterial Succession ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Insect Activity ◽  
Dna Extraction Methods

Decomposition is a rapidly evolving process that is dependent on various environmental factors such as climate, temperature, insect activity, large vertebrate scavenging, and microbial activity. Although other factors such as body weight and time have been evaluated, microbial activity should be considered as another major component in the decomposition process. This study was designed to investigate the microbiome and potential bacterial succession using two different DNA extraction methods, classic microbiologic techniques and 16S ribosomal sequencing at the onset and end of decomposition. Differences were observed between the bacterial phyla found on Day 1 versus Day 6. Among the various phyla, several different bacterial species were observed such as Kurthia gibsonii, K. sibirica, Staphylococcus sciuri, S. lentus, and Serratia marcescens. An interesting change in the phyla present was observed for Day 6. None of the bacterial samples collected on any of the anatomical sites were identified in the phylum Firmicutes. In fact, most of the bacteria collected from the mouth, nose, and genitals were identified in the phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Two different bacterial species, Myroides odoratus and Leucobacter aridicollis were present in the two phyla at Day 6 that were not observed at the onset of decomposition. Likewise, many of the bacterial species present at Day 1 were not observed in Day 6. The difference in bacterial diversity observed at the onset and end of decomposition suggest that a timeline or bacterial succession could be developed that could support post-mortem interval determinations

scholarly journals An Entomological Model for Estimating the Post-Mortem Interval

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-156
Author(s):  
Vania Mene Risriani ◽  
Tjandra Anggraeni ◽  
Nuning Nuraini
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Dead Body ◽  
Local Factors ◽  
Post Mortem Interval

Identification of post-mortem interval started from the time when the dead body was found. The main question is to identify the time of death. In reality, the task is complicated since many local factors are involved in the process of decomposition. In most cases, the decomposition process is done by certain local insects that consume the biomass completely. This study uses a mathematical model for the post-mortem interval involving diptera and rabbit corpses as the biomass, based on experimental data from references. We formulate a type of logistic model with decaying carrying capacity only with diptera. The post-mortem interval is shown as the end period of consumption when larvae have entirely consumed the biomass. It is shown from the simulation that the decomposition lasts for 235 hours. The diptera are shown to disappear completely, leaving the remaining corpse after 120 hours.

Simultaneous analysis of potassium and ammonium ions in the vitreous humour by capillary electrophoresis and their integrated use to infer the post mortem interval (PMI)

2020 ◽  
pp. 002580242093423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Covadonga Palacio ◽  
Rossella Gottardo ◽  
Vito Cirielli ◽  
Giacomo Musile ◽  
Yvane Agard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Simultaneous Analysis ◽  
Vitreous Humour ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
Post Mortem Interval

Post-mortem changes of ions in the body fluids have been proposed as an objective tool for inferring the time of death. In particular, the post-mortem increase of potassium concentrations in the vitreous humour has gained great attention in the literature. On the other hand, ammonium, another ion released in post-mortem processes, has received much less attention, potentially due to unresolved analytical issues using current clinical chemistry methods. This paper presents an application of a new analytical approach based on capillary electrophoresis providing the simultaneous analysis of potassium and ammonium ions in the vitreous humour. In addition, to assess the consistency of the post-mortem increase of ammonium concentrations in the vitreous humour, the determination of this ion in the vitreous humour of the two eyes of the same body at the same post-mortem interval has been verified. Vitreous humour was collected from 33 medico-legal cases where the time of death was known exactly. Prior to analysis, all samples were diluted 1:20 with a 40 μg/mL solution of BaCl2 (internal standard). In the study of the variability of the ammonium concentration between the two eyes, no statistically significant differences were found, supporting the hypothesis of an even post-mortem increase of the ion concentrations in this particular biological fluid. Significant correlations of potassium and ammonium ions with the post-mortem interval were found, with r2 of 0.75 and 0.70, respectively.

Levels of Potassium in the Vitreous Humour after Death

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilhelmina M. H. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Level ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Vitreous Humour ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Interval

Levels of vitreous potassium were studied in 135 routine post-mortem cases. A rise in the potassium level was found but it could not be correlated with sufficient consistency with the post-mortem interval to make this an accurate method of estimating the time of death.

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