Perfil microbiológico e resistência bacteriana em unidade de tratamento intensivo

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Elaine Viana Cabral ◽  
Vanessa De Brito Poveda
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
2Nd Generation ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Terapia Intensiva

ABSTRACTObjectives: to determine the profile microbiological of one ICU in the last three years and to detect the emergence of resistant strains. Methodology: retrospective study which was raised the cultures results of over a period of one ICU with eight beds. Results: from 194 exams results of analyzed culture, there were growths of 177 bacterias and the mostly gram negative. The Pseudomonas sp was found and presented the most extensive resistance to Amoxicillin and Cephalosporins from 1st and 2nd generation. The Staphylococcus sp was found in 44 cultures and was resistant to Penicillin in 82% and 28% to Oxacillin. Conclusion: the gram negative bacteria are common in skin microorganisms, so it is extremely necessary to use preventive measures to avoid cross-contamination through the hands of health professionals.Descriptors: intensive care units; drug resistance bacterial; prevention.RESUMOObjetivos: traçar o perfil microbiológico da UTI nos últimos três anos e detectar o possível surgimento de cepas resistentes. Metodologia: estudo retrospectivo, no qual se levantaram resultados de culturas em um determinado período de uma UTI com oito leitos. Resultados: dos 194 exames de cultura analisados, constatou-se o crescimento de 177 bactérias, sendo a maioria gram negativas. A Pseudomonas sp foi a mais encontrada e apresentou ampla resistência à Amoxacilina e Cefalosporinas de 1ª e 2ª geração. O Staphylococcus sp apareceu em 44 culturas e se mostrou resistente em 82% à Penicilina e 28% à Oxacilina. Conclusões: as bactérias gram negativas são comuns na microbiota cutânea, por isso é extremamente necessário à utilização de medidas preventivas para evitar a contaminação cruzada por meio das mãos dos profissionais da saúde. Descritores: unidade de terapia intensiva; farmacorresistência bacteriana; prevenção.RESUMENObjetivos: determinar el perfil microbiológico de la UTI en los últimos tres años y detectar la possibilidad de aparición de cepas resistentes. Metodología: el estudio retrospectivo, que se plantearon los resultados de las culturas en un período de uno de oito camas de UCI. Resultados: de los 194 exámenes de cultura analizados, hubo crecimiento de 177 sendo en su mayoría bacterias Gram negativas. La Pseudomonas sp se encontró y presentó la más amplia resistencia para Amoxicilina y Cefalosporinas, 1ª y 2ª generación. El Staphylococcus sp apareció en 44 culturas y fue resistente a Penicilina en 82% y 28% a Oxacilina. Conclusiones: las bacterias gram negativas son comunes en la piel microflora, por lo que es sumamente necesario utilizar medidas preventivas para evitar la contaminación cruzada a través de las manos de los profesionales de la salud. Descriptores: unidades de terapia intensiva; farmacorresistencia bacteriana; prevención.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance pattern in intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 906
Author(s):  
Amit Bhatia ◽  
Juhi Kalra ◽  
Saurabh Kohli ◽  
Barnali Kakati ◽  
Reshma Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Background: Antimicrobials are a major class of drugs prescribed in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Widespread use of empirical antibiotic therapy has facilitated the emergence of drug resistance, since empirical therapy is very often initiated at the outset, even before culture and sensitivity reports are available. The problem of drug resistance is on a rise, therefore, this study was planned to assess the drug resistance and sensitivity patterns of the blood isolates recovered from ICU.Methods: An observational- prospective study was conducted in the Tertiary care teaching hospital over a period of twelve months to assess antibiotic resistance and sensitivity pattern. A total of 104 consecutive patients receiving antibiotics in the ICU and having blood cultures with significant growth were included in the study. Blood sample was collected and after obtaining a culture growth, the identification and antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done.Results: Blood stream infection by Gram-negative bacteria (50.96%) was more common than Gram-positive bacteria (49.04%). Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) was the predominant single blood culture isolate (35.58%). Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.46%), Escherichia coli (12.50%), Acinetobacter baumannii complex (7.69%) were commonly isolated gram negative organisms. Gram positive isolates were resistant to beta lactams in maximum patients whereas Tigecycline, Linezolid, Daptomycin, Vancomycin, Nitrofurantoin and Teicoplanin were sensitive against them. Common gram negative isolates were sensitive to Colistin and Tigecycline but resistant to most of the antibiotics.Conclusions: A preponderance of gram negative bacteria over gram positive bacteria was noted with a higher degree of resistance to most of the first line antimicrobial agents. 

Aspectos epidemiológicos da sepse em unidades de terapia intensiva

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1184
Author(s):  
Glaucea Maciel de Farias ◽  
Mirna Cristina da Silva Freitas ◽  
Karolina De Moura Manso da Rocha ◽  
Isabel Karolyne Fernandes Costa ◽  
Luíz Alves Morais Filho
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Electronic Library ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Pulmonary System ◽  
Terapia Intensiva ◽  
Prevention Of Infections

Objective: to characterize patients that suffered sepsis in Intensive Care Units. Methods: bibliographic research, performed in the Domínio Público and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS/BIREME), websites, specifically Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Literatura Internacional em Ciências da Saúde (MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), with studies ranging from 2001 to April 2009. We used the search words: “Sepse” and “Unidades de Terapia Intensiva”. Results: the male gender was most affected (56%), with a related age group of 57 to 71. The main focal point for the beginning of sepsis was the pulmonary system. The most often identified pathogens were gram-negative germs (65%). The washing of hands was approached on 90% of the related studies as the main procedure for infection control. Conclusions: male individuals were most often afflicted by sepsis and averaged 65 years of age. The pulmonary system was the area most often associated with the beginning of sepsis. Gram-negative bacteria were the pathogens most often found in studies and the washing of hands was the most emphasized procedure for the prevention of infections in this environment. Descriptors: sepsis; intensive care units; cross infection; nursing.

scholarly journals COLONIZATION AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE DYNAMICS OF PATIENTS AT INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU)-OUR EXPERIENCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Mahesh Chandra Sahu ◽  
Ishwar Chandra Behera ◽  
Santosh Kumar Swain
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Liver Abscess ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Specific Medium

introduction: Multidrug resistant strains are developed day by day due to empirical therapy in intensive care unit (ICU). Both gram positive and gram negative strains are found in ICU are drug resistant bacteria. In this study, the prevalence of drug resistance bacteria in ICU were determined.Materials and Methods: The clinical samples; ascitic fluid, blood, central line tip, ET aspiration  pleural fluid, pus from liver abscess, sputum, tracheal aspiration, urine and wound swabs were collected from ICU patients and cultured in specific medium. Subsequently antibiotic sensitivity pattern of isolated bacteria were carried out with disc diffusion methods.Results: A total number of 794 clinical samples were cultured in specific medium and it revealed 191 of single colonies, 145 were double colonies and 87 were 3 or multy-colonies. A total of 963 bacteria were isolated among them 180 were gram positive bacteria, BYC were 135 and rest were gram negative bacteria. There was no significantly difference in growth of microorganisms with respect to clinical samples as t test revealed P= 0.87. Among the gram negative bacteria; Klebsiela pneumonia were predominant and Proteous mirabilis was lowest. Tigecycline and colistin were most effective antibiotics agonist all bacteria. Conclusions: Urine samples of the patient’s revealed higher number of organisms where as pus from liver abscess found only one number of growths. The antibiotic stewardship programs must lead to significant decrease in all antibiotic used in the ICU setting. However, this result may be required further work to determine the fruitful necessary for success.Key words: Antibiotics, Intensive Care Unit, Bacterial infections, Drug resistance.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activities of Mefloquine and a Series of Related Compounds

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 848-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Kunin ◽  
W. Y. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Walter Reed Army Institute ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Related Compounds

ABSTRACT Mefloquine was found to have bactericidal activity against methicillin- and fluoroquinolone-susceptible and -resistant strains ofStaphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis and gentamicin- and vancomycin-resistant strains ofEnterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. The MICs were 16 μg/ml, and the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were 16 to 32 μg/ml. These concentrations cannot be achieved in serum. Mefloquine was active at a more achievable concentration against penicillin-susceptible and -resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, with MICs of 0.2 to 1.5 μg/ml. Mefloquine was not active against gram-negative bacteria and yeasts. In an attempt to find more active derivatives, 400 mefloquine-related compounds were selected from the chemical inventory of The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. We identified a series of compounds containing a piperidine methanol group attached to pyridine, quinoline, and benzylquinoline ring systems. These had activities similar to that of mefloquine against S. pneumoniae but were far more active against other gram-positive bacteria (MICs for staphylococci, 0.8 to 6.3 μg/ml). They had activities similar to that of amphotericin B againstCandida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans. Combinations of the compounds with gentamicin and vancomycin were additive against staphylococci and pneumococci. The MIC and MBC of gentamicin were decreased by four- to eightfold when this drug was combined with limiting dilutions of the compounds. There was no antagonism with other antimicrobial drugs. The compounds were rapidly bactericidal. They appear to act by disrupting cell membranes. Combinations of the compounds with aminoglycoside antibiotics may have potential for therapeutic use.

Drug resistance patterns of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from food and non-sterile medicines in hospital environments

1981 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 355-361
Author(s):  
M.D. Simon-Pujol ◽  
M. Matabosch ◽  
M.J. Espuny-Tomas ◽  
A.M. Marques ◽  
F. Congregado
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Hospital Environments ◽  
Resistance Patterns

scholarly journals THE STUDY OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE IN NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT AT THE CENTRAL JAVA HOSPITAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ika Puspita Sari ◽  
Titik Nuryastuti ◽  
Djoko Wahyono
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Culture And Sensitivity

Objective: Multidrug-resistance (MDR) is defined as an acquired non-susceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories. MDR can be caused by several factors, including the misuse of antibiotics.  Resistance to antibiotics still poses a global challenge, especially in Indonesia. This study aimed to identify patterns of MDR in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at the Central Java Hospital, during the period of January 2014 to December 2015.Methods: The study was conducted using a descriptive retrospective design. The research population comprised of 225 patients. Patient inclusion criteria were neonatal patients treated in NICU ward with infection diagnosis. All patients had culture and sensitivity examinations on their bloods. The culture and sensitivity examinations were performed by microbiology clinicians.Results: The most common infection type was sepsis (60%). The most common bacteria found in the blood specimen of patients in the NICU ward was Gram-negative bacteria with a 72% rate, the other was Gram-positive bacteria. Bacteria which infected patients include; Klebsiellapneumoniaessppneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bulkholderiacepacia, Acinetobacterbaumannii, Enterobactercloacae ssp cloacae, Serratiamarcescens, Staphylococcus haemolyticusand Staphylococcus epidermidis. The research result showed that 97.8% MDR cases were reported in the NICU ward. Antibiotics which were still potent for all bacteria found in NICU patients were tigecycline, meropenem and ciprofloxacin (for Gram-negative bacteria) and tigecycline, linezolid, nitrofurantoin, moxifloksacin and vancomycin (for Gram-positive bacteria).Conclusion: A high percentage of MDR occurred in NICU patients. Sepsis is the most common diagnosis in NICU patients. The usage of third generation antibiotics should be limited and regulated systematically.   

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