scholarly journals Sero-prevalence of foot and mouth disease in cattle in Borena Zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asamenew Tesfaye Melkamsew
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Short Rainy Season ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Foot And Mouth

ObjectiveTo determine the sero-prevalnce of FMD and indicate patterns of animal movement in Borena zone, Ethiopia.IntroductionThe Foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus is a highly contagious and economically devastating trans boundery disease of cloven-hooved domestic and wild animals1.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out between April and November 2015 to investigate the sero-prevalence of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in cattle using serology and questionnaire servey in Borena zone.ResultsA total of 363 sera samples were collected from nine peasant associations found in three different districts. An overall seroprevalence of 42.7% (95%: CI= 37.7-47.84) was found during the study. There was statistically significant difference among the districts (χ2 = 10.43, p=0.005) and the highest prevalence was found in Dire district which accounted for 52.8% (95%: CI, 44.0-61.4). Soda peasant association of Dire district and Surupa peasant association of Yabello district accounted for highest sero-prevalence 65.5% (95%: CI, 49.4-78.5) and 65.0% (95%: CI= 40.4-78.5), respectively. Statistical significant difference in footand-mouth disease seroprevalence (χ2 =31.1, p=0.000) was found among the peasant associations. Similarly, there was significance difference (χ2 =17.4, p=0.000) in the prevalence of foot-and-mouth disease between age groups. Though the seroprevalence foot-and-mouth disease was higher in females than in males, there was no significant difference (χ2=1.63, p=0.202) between sex. The different risk factors analyzed during this study indicated that, peasant associations (PAs), district and age were seen to be significantly associated (p<0.05) with the seroprevalence of foot-and-mouth disease. The questionnaire survey revealed that foot-and-mouth disease outbreak was commonly seen during June to August (Short rainy season) and December to February (Long dry season), locally called Adolessa and Bona, respectively. Younger (1-3 years) animals were most susceptible than calf and adults (>3years). Moreover, an extrinsic factor like dry season enforces pastoralist to travel a longer distance to look for grazing lands and water sources that creates suitable conditions for foot-and-mouth disease transmission between infected and susceptible animals.ConclusionsFMD is an important transboundery animal disease that affects the livelihood of farmers and economy of the country. In pastoral areas like Borena where livestock movement is common during dry season, the disease is devastating and spreading from one area to the other. Therefore, an extensive regular serological survey, virus isolation, and characterizations of FMD virus need to be conducted for a possible development of poly-valent vaccines that contains commonly circulating serotypes of FMD virus in Ethiopia.References1. Gelagay Ayelet, Mana Mahapatra, Esayas Gelaye, Berhe G. Egziabher, Tesfaye Rufeal, Mesfin Sahle, Nigel P. Ferris, Jemma Wadsworth, Geoffrey H. Hutchings, and Nick J. Knowles. Genetic Characterization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses, Ethiopia, 1981–2007. Emerg Infect Dis. 15(9): 1409–1417.2009 

scholarly journals The effect of vaccination regimen on the transfer of foot and mouth disease antibodies from the sow to her piglets

1984 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Francis ◽  
L. Black
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Antibody Class

SUMMARYFour groups of pregnant sows were inoculated with type O1 foot and mouth disease (FMD) oil emulsion vaccine at various times before farrowing and samples of the sow's serum, colostrum and milk, and piglet's serum, collected during the first week after farrowing, were analysed for FMD virus neutralizing activity.No FMD neutralizing antibodies were detectable in the piglets serum at birth but they were present 1·5 h after suckling and peak titres were reached 1–3 days later. There was no significant difference between the antibody titres of colostrum samples collected from different teats at farrowing. However, similar samples collected 3 days later showed significant (P < 0·005) fore to hind variation. The principal FMD virus neutralizing antibody class present in the sow's serum at farrowing and in their 3-day-old piglets was governed by the inoculation schedule employed. When the last vaccinations were given ≃ 30 days before farrowing (dbf) the predominant FMD virus neutralizing class was IgG. However, when the sows were vaccinated only ≃ 12 dbf the predominant class was IgM. A significant correlation was observed between the sow's serum titres and colostrum titres at farrowing (r = 0·90), and also between sows colostrum titres at farrowing and their 3-day-old piglets serum titres (r = 0·99).

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE AND PREVENTION PRACTICES OF HAND, FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE AMONG PARENTS AND CAREGIVERS IN BANDAR PUNCAK ALAM, SELANGOR, MALAYSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Nik Nur Hidayah Mansor ◽  
Azwandi Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Human Enterovirus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Enterovirus A71 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Occupation Level ◽  
Parents And Caregivers

Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is mainly caused by Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) and human Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71). Severe cases of HFMD were reported in Malaysia in 2018, which led to a temporary closing of few nurseries and preschools. A good knowledge and prevention practices is one of the important factors that can effectively decelerate this rapid outbreak of HFMD. Therefore, we conducted a survey to assess current knowledge and prevention practices among parents and caregivers in Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor. A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted on 345 residences of Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor. It comprised of 77.4% (n=267) parents and 22.6% (n=78) caregivers from different daycares, kindergartens and preschools. The study showed that the majority, 87.2% (n=301) of Bandar Puncak Alam residents, Selangor have a moderate level of knowledge on HFMD. No significant difference in knowledge was found between parents and caregivers (p = 0.553). Age, occupation, level of education, and income of respondents influenced the HFMD knowledge level (p<0.05). Most parents and caregivers know how to prevent HFMD by practising cleaning the children's toys using liquid disinfection, but they are still lacking knowledge on the role of handwashing in preventing HFMD. In conclusion, the lack of prevention practice among parents and caregivers would increase the cases of HFMD. Therefore, a proper education of HFMD should be done to increase the awareness towards the prevention practices to prevent HFMD from reoccurring.

scholarly journals Integrating genetic and epidemiological data to determine transmission pathways of foot-and-mouth disease virus

2008 ◽  
Vol 275 (1637) ◽  
pp. 887-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor M Cottam ◽  
Gaël Thébaud ◽  
Jemma Wadsworth ◽  
John Gloster ◽  
Leonard Mansley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Estimating detailed transmission trees that reflect the relationships between infected individuals or populations during a disease outbreak often provides valuable insights into both the nature of disease transmission and the overall dynamics of the underlying epidemiological process. These trees may be based on epidemiological data that relate to the timing of infection and infectiousness, or genetic data that show the genetic relatedness of pathogens isolated from infected individuals. Genetic data are becoming increasingly important in the estimation of transmission trees of viral pathogens due to their inherently high mutation rate. Here, we propose a maximum-likelihood approach that allows epidemiological and genetic data to be combined within the same analysis to infer probable transmission trees. We apply this approach to data from 20 farms infected during the 2001 UK foot-and-mouth disease outbreak, using complete viral genome sequences from each infected farm and information on when farms were first estimated to have developed clinical disease and when livestock on these farms were culled. Incorporating known infection links due to animal movement prior to imposition of the national movement ban results in the reduction of the number of trees from 41 472 that are consistent with the genetic data to 1728, of which just 4 represent more than 95% of the total likelihood calculated using a model that accounts for the epidemiological data. These trees differ in several ways from those constructed prior to the availability of genetic data.

Ovarian activity in crossbred Thai native does during naturally occurring foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phubet Satsook ◽  
Sukanya Rattanatabtimtong ◽  
Lak Piasai ◽  
Patcharapa Towiboon ◽  
Chalermchart Somgird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals Occurrence of vaccine abscesses in bovines after the administration of bivalent foot-and-mouth disease vaccine

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willy Kelvin CANDEIRA ◽  
Luciano Santos da FONSECA ◽  
Roberto Carlos Negreiros de ARRUDA ◽  
Layza Michelle de Azevedo FREITAS ◽  
Hilmanara Tavares da SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Vaccine Formulation ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Subcutaneous Route ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study is to identify the occurrence of abscesses in cattle after the administration of bivalent foot-and-mouth disease vaccine as adverse reaction to components in the new commercial vaccine formulation. Thirty bovines were divided into three groups composed of 10 animals, each. Groups 1 and 2 were vaccinated by researchers based on good vaccination practices criteria. Group 1 was intramuscularly administered with the vaccine, Group 2 received it through subcutaneous route and Group 3 was vaccinated by breeders through subcutaneous route. Animals were selected and observed in vivo in three different moments (7, 28 and 45 days after vaccination). Subsequently, they were observed during post mortem inspection in order to assess the occurrence of vaccine abscesses. Vaccine abscesses were recorded in 40% of bovines in Group 1, in 50% of the ones in Group 2 and in 60% of those in Group 3. There was no significant difference between experimental groups based on the Chi-square test and on Cramer's V analysis; there was no significant difference among experimental groups. Excess of carcass parts presenting vaccine abscesses during post mortem inspection resulted in the meat loss of 1.775 kg in Group 1, of 2.303 kg in Group 2 and of 3.268 kg in Group 3. In conclusion, despite changes in bivalent foot-and-mouth disease vaccine formulation, care should be taken at vaccination time to minimize the occurrence of vaccine abscesses and, consequently, meat losses at slaughter, as well as to reduce losses in beef production chain.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of a Foot and Mouth Disease Outbreak Control Programme in Thailand 2008–2015: Case Studies and Lessons Learned

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terdsak Yano ◽  
Sith Premashthira ◽  
Tosapol Dejyong ◽  
Sahatchai Tangtrongsup ◽  
Mo D. Salman
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
And Control

Three Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreaks in northern Thailand that occurred during the implementation of the national FMD strategic plan in 2008–2015 are described to illustrate the lessons learned and to improve the prevention and control of future outbreaks. In 2008, during a FMD outbreak on a dairy farm, milk delivery was banned for 30 days. This was a part of movement management, a key strategy for FMD control in dairy farms in the area. In 2009, more than half the animals on a pig farm were affected by FMD. Animal quarantine and restricted animal movement played a key role in preventing the spread of FMD. In 2010, FMD infection was reported in a captive elephant. The suspected source of virus was a FMD-infected cow on the same premises. The infected elephant was moved to an elephant hospital that was located in a different province before the diagnosis was confirmed. FMD education was given to elephant veterinarians to promote FMD prevention and control strategies in this unique species. These three cases illustrate how differences in outbreak circumstances and species require the implementation of a variety of different FMD control and prevention measures. Control measures and responses should be customized in different outbreak situations.

scholarly journals Serological and phylogenetic characterization of foot and mouth disease viruses from Uganda during cross‐sectional surveillance study in cattle between 2014 and 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 2011-2024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Norbert Mwiine ◽  
Lauro Velazquez‐Salinas ◽  
Zaheer Ahmed ◽  
Sylvester Ochwo ◽  
Anna Munsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Phylogenetic Characterization ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Potential Transmission of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Whey Constituents1

1978 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 631-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. BLACKWELL
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Sweet Whey ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Acid Whey ◽  
Camembert Cheese ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

Whey and whey constituents were prepared from the milk of cows infected with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus. The virus was detected in the sweet whey by-product of Cheddar and Camembert cheese but was not detected in the acid whey by-product of casein manufacture. Whey constituents, α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, and lactose, produced from sweet whey were noninfectious when inoculated into cattle. These products do not appear as likely candidates for the transmission of FMD.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document