scholarly journals The effect of vaccination regimen on the transfer of foot and mouth disease antibodies from the sow to her piglets

1984 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Francis ◽  
L. Black
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Antibody Class

SUMMARYFour groups of pregnant sows were inoculated with type O1 foot and mouth disease (FMD) oil emulsion vaccine at various times before farrowing and samples of the sow's serum, colostrum and milk, and piglet's serum, collected during the first week after farrowing, were analysed for FMD virus neutralizing activity.No FMD neutralizing antibodies were detectable in the piglets serum at birth but they were present 1·5 h after suckling and peak titres were reached 1–3 days later. There was no significant difference between the antibody titres of colostrum samples collected from different teats at farrowing. However, similar samples collected 3 days later showed significant (P < 0·005) fore to hind variation. The principal FMD virus neutralizing antibody class present in the sow's serum at farrowing and in their 3-day-old piglets was governed by the inoculation schedule employed. When the last vaccinations were given ≃ 30 days before farrowing (dbf) the predominant FMD virus neutralizing class was IgG. However, when the sows were vaccinated only ≃ 12 dbf the predominant class was IgM. A significant correlation was observed between the sow's serum titres and colostrum titres at farrowing (r = 0·90), and also between sows colostrum titres at farrowing and their 3-day-old piglets serum titres (r = 0·99).

scholarly journals Humoral response of pregnant sows to foot and mouth disease vaccination

1986 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Francis ◽  
L. Black
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Iga Response ◽  
One Year

SUMMARYFour groups of sows were inoculated, either once or twice, with O1BFS 1860 foot and mouth disease oil-emulsion vaccine during pregnancy and samples of serum. for analysis, were collected at intervals for > 300 days.The pregnant sows responded well to vaccination regardless of their state of gestation. Single vaccination produced protective levels of antibody (> 1·53 log10SN50) in 3 out of 4 sows while double vaccination produced protective levels in all 6 sows tested. Anti-FMD IgM antibodies could be detected for 40–60 days after vaccination or revaccination. Anti-FMD IgG antibodies appeared within 10 days of vaccination and persisted, in each sow, for the duration of the study. The anti-FMD IgA response observed was less easy to characterize due to significant animal to animal variation. Although there was no evidence of a fall in the neutralizing antibody titres over one year post vaccination the anti-FMD IgG antibody population did show signs of a change in its heterogenity and avidity.

scholarly journals DETECTION OF SERUMNEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES IN CATTLE VACCINATED AGAINST FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE IN FIELD

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Χ. ΠΑΠΠΟΥΣ
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titre ◽  
Antibody Level ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foot And Mouth

A serologic?.! investigation for serum neutralizing antibodies against Foot—and—Mouth Disease (FMD) was carried out in cattle of two villages in the Evros department (near thv. turkish border), where a vaccination is being applied twice a year since 1964,using type Ο and sometimes A22 FMD vaccines. This investigation gave the following results : On 15 calves, aged 5-7 months, vaccinated or.ee no antibodies were detected before vaccination, whereas 3 weeks later only 3 animals (20° o ) showed acceptable antibody titres, that is more than 1.2. The other calves had titres 0.3 to 1.2 (7 animals = 46.6%) and in 5 calves (33.4%) no antibodies were detected. On 80 plurivaccinated cattle, 3 weeks after the last vaccination made 8 months after the previous one, the ?ntibody titres were higher than 1.2 in 75 animals (60 animals or 73,7% with a high titre that is more than 1.8, 15 animals or 19,4% with a titre 1.2 to 1.8)and only in 5 animals (6.6%) the titres were lower than 1.2. On half of the above cattle, the following titres were found before the last vaccination : )1.8 in 17 animals (42.5%), 1.2 to 1.8 in 11 animals (27.5%) and lower to 1.2 in 12 animals (30%). 1 he bovine of the one village showed a greater percentage of animals with high antibody titre comparing to the other one. This might be due to a different antigenic capacity of the vaccines used.For determining the neutralizing antibody titre the method of constant virus units and variable serum dilutions was applied using 100 TCID50/ml. The conclusion from the above results is that the bovine population of the Evros region, except the calves who are poorly immunized, ha.d a serum neutralizing antibody level satisfactory enough 8 months after vaccination and much better 3 weeks after the last vaccination. It is believed that this antibody level is related to the strong immunity in bovine of the Evros region ag.dnst the natural infection. In fact, the Foot— and—Mouth Disease outbreaks, type O, reported the last decade in this neuralgic region were very few and the most important of very limited extention, which fact gives reason to the vaccination policy followed until today for creating a buffer zoie.

scholarly journals Dose-response relationships in a microneutralization test for foot-and-mouth disease viruses

1978 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Booth ◽  
M. M. Rweyemamu ◽  
T. W. F. Pay
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Microneutralization Test

SUMMARYTwo-dimensional quantal microneutralization tests on foot-and-mouth disease viruses, in which neutralizing antibody activity was titrated against a serial range of virus doses, demonstrated a variety of dose-response curves some of which were rectilinear, others clearly curvilinear. Moreover, in the case of the non-linear responses obtained with some antisera, the shape of the curve was such that antibody titres recorded with doses of virus ranging from 103–105TCD 50 were closely similar. Studies were carried out on the effect of varying the conditions of the test on the shape of the dose-response curve: significant differences were obtained after treatment of the antiserum–virus mixtures with anti-species globulin, and when the test was assayed in cells of differing susceptibility to infection.

Two Cross-Protective Antigen Sites on Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O Structurally Revealed by Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies from Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Li ◽  
Yong He ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Pinghua Li ◽  
Sheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Protective Antigen ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Antigenic Structure ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Foot And Mouth

FMDV is the causative agent of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), which is one of the most contagious and economically devastating diseases of domestic animals. The antigenic structure of FMDV serotype O is rather complicated, especially for those sites that can elicit a cross-protective neutralizing antibody response.

scholarly journals Implication of Broadly Neutralizing Bovine Monoclonal Antibodies in the Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detecting Neutralizing Antibodies against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yimei Cao ◽  
Kun Li ◽  
Sheng Wang ◽  
Yuanfang Fu ◽  
Pu Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Fmdv Serotype ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

ABSTRACT Vaccination with inactivated vaccines is still the main measure to control foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in areas where the disease is endemic, and the level of neutralizing antibody in vaccinated animals is directly related to their protection against virus challenge. Currently, neutralizing antibody is mainly detected using the virus neutralization test (VNT) based on cell culture, which is laborious and time-consuming and requires restrictive biocontainment facilities. In this study, two broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs), E46 and F128, were successfully produced using techniques for the isolation of single B cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from bovines sequentially immunized with three topotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O. Based on these bnAbs, a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting neutralizing antibodies (NA-ELISA) against FMDV serotype O was developed. The specificity and sensitivity of the test were estimated to be 99.21% and 100%, respectively. A significant correlation (P < 0.01) was observed between the NA-ELISA titers and the VNT titers for all sera from vaccinated animals and for all tested strains, suggesting that the NA-ELISA could detect neutralizing antibodies against FMDV serotype O strains of wide antigenic and molecular diversity and could be used for the evaluation of protective immunity.

scholarly journals Excretion of foot-and-mouth disease virus in oesophageal-pharyngeal fluid and milk of cattle after intranasal infection

1978 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. de Leeuw ◽  
J. G. van Bekkum ◽  
J. W. A. Tiessink
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Virus Growth ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Pharyngeal Area ◽  
Intranasal Instillation

SummaryThe virus growth in the pharyngeal area and the virus excretion in milk of susceptible and vaccinated dairy cows after intranasal instillation of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus type O1 were examined. Ten vaccinated cows were purchased through a market. Of these, nine had delivered their first calf. The cows were inoculated 2–9 months after having received the last dose of vaccine. All vaccinated cows resisted the intranasal challenge. The virus multiplied in the pharyngeal area but, compared with two susceptible controls, to a limited extent. No clear relation was found between virus growth and the titre of circulating neutralizing antibody at the time of challenge.Virus was first detected in milk samples of the susceptible cows when generalized FMD lesions had developed on day four; the excretion lasted for 3–4 days.Up to 19 days after inoculation untreated milk of the vaccinated cows was examined for the presence of infectious FMD virus. Samples were inoculated onto cell cultures, fed to susceptible pigs and calves and injected intramuscularly and/or intradermolingually into susceptible steers. No infectious FMD virus could be detected, either in cell cultures or in susceptible animals. The animals did not develop neutralizing antibody against FMD virus and were subsequently shown to be fully susceptible to challenge. The results are discussed with particular reference to current problems regarding the export of milk products from countries where vaccination against FMD is practised to countries free of the disease.

scholarly journals The Potential Adjuvanticity of CAvant®SOE for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1091
Author(s):  
Young-Hoon Ahn ◽  
W. A. Gayan Chathuranga ◽  
Young-Jung Shim ◽  
D. K. Haluwana ◽  
Eun-Hee Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a notifiable contagious disease of cloven-hoofed mammals. A high potency vaccine that stimulates the host immune response is the foremost strategy used to prevent disease persistence in endemic regions. FMD vaccines comprise inactivated virus antigens whose immunogenicity is potentiated by immunogenic adjuvants. Oil-based adjuvants have clear advantages over traditional adjuvant vaccines; however, there is potential to develop novel adjuvants to increase the potency of FMD vaccines. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a novel water-in-oil emulsion, called CAvant®SOE, as a novel vaccine adjuvant for use with inactivated FMD vaccines. In this study, we found that inactivated A22 Iraq virus plus CAvant®SOE (iA22 Iraq-CAvant®SOE) induced effective antigen-specific humoral (IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a) and cell-mediated immune responses (IFN-γ and IL-4) in mice. Immunization of pigs with a single dose of iA22 Iraq-CAvant®SOE also elicited effective protection, with no detectable clinical symptoms against challenge with heterologous A/SKR/GP/2018 FMDV. Levels of protection are strongly in line with vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody titers. Collectively, these results indicate that CAvant®SOE-adjuvanted vaccine is a promising candidate for control of FMD in pigs.

scholarly journals Sero-prevalence of foot and mouth disease in cattle in Borena Zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asamenew Tesfaye Melkamsew
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Short Rainy Season ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Foot And Mouth

ObjectiveTo determine the sero-prevalnce of FMD and indicate patterns of animal movement in Borena zone, Ethiopia.IntroductionThe Foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus is a highly contagious and economically devastating trans boundery disease of cloven-hooved domestic and wild animals1.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out between April and November 2015 to investigate the sero-prevalence of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in cattle using serology and questionnaire servey in Borena zone.ResultsA total of 363 sera samples were collected from nine peasant associations found in three different districts. An overall seroprevalence of 42.7% (95%: CI= 37.7-47.84) was found during the study. There was statistically significant difference among the districts (χ2 = 10.43, p=0.005) and the highest prevalence was found in Dire district which accounted for 52.8% (95%: CI, 44.0-61.4). Soda peasant association of Dire district and Surupa peasant association of Yabello district accounted for highest sero-prevalence 65.5% (95%: CI, 49.4-78.5) and 65.0% (95%: CI= 40.4-78.5), respectively. Statistical significant difference in footand-mouth disease seroprevalence (χ2 =31.1, p=0.000) was found among the peasant associations. Similarly, there was significance difference (χ2 =17.4, p=0.000) in the prevalence of foot-and-mouth disease between age groups. Though the seroprevalence foot-and-mouth disease was higher in females than in males, there was no significant difference (χ2=1.63, p=0.202) between sex. The different risk factors analyzed during this study indicated that, peasant associations (PAs), district and age were seen to be significantly associated (p<0.05) with the seroprevalence of foot-and-mouth disease. The questionnaire survey revealed that foot-and-mouth disease outbreak was commonly seen during June to August (Short rainy season) and December to February (Long dry season), locally called Adolessa and Bona, respectively. Younger (1-3 years) animals were most susceptible than calf and adults (>3years). Moreover, an extrinsic factor like dry season enforces pastoralist to travel a longer distance to look for grazing lands and water sources that creates suitable conditions for foot-and-mouth disease transmission between infected and susceptible animals.ConclusionsFMD is an important transboundery animal disease that affects the livelihood of farmers and economy of the country. In pastoral areas like Borena where livestock movement is common during dry season, the disease is devastating and spreading from one area to the other. Therefore, an extensive regular serological survey, virus isolation, and characterizations of FMD virus need to be conducted for a possible development of poly-valent vaccines that contains commonly circulating serotypes of FMD virus in Ethiopia.References1. Gelagay Ayelet, Mana Mahapatra, Esayas Gelaye, Berhe G. Egziabher, Tesfaye Rufeal, Mesfin Sahle, Nigel P. Ferris, Jemma Wadsworth, Geoffrey H. Hutchings, and Nick J. Knowles. Genetic Characterization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses, Ethiopia, 1981–2007. Emerg Infect Dis. 15(9): 1409–1417.2009 

scholarly journals TRIALS OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE VACCINATION AND POTENCY TESTS IN GOATS

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Χ. ΠΑΠΠΟΥΣ ◽  
Δ. ΜΠΡΟΒΑΣ ◽  
Ι. ΚΑΡΑΒΑΛΑΚΗΣ ◽  
Irakleitos Souyioultzoglou
Keyword(s):  
Cytopathic Effect ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
High Antibody ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

4 batches of Foot - and - Mouth Disease (FMD) vaccine were assayed in adult goats, from local breedings, serologically positive for Brucella. These goats were to be slaughtered, in accordance with an eradication program. The viremia was checked by using the plaque forming unit (PFU) and the cytopathic effect methods, every 24 hours for 3 days post—inoculation and it has been found that it is variable both in intensity and duration. In the controls the viremia was detected in 4/5 to 5/5 of the animals whereas in the vaccinated animals it dependent on the dose of vaccine and on virus units (104 to 105 ) used, for the infection. The neutralizing antibody titres after vaccination were generally lower than those observed in cattle and sheep and they varied significantly among the animals vaccinated with the same dose. This is in accordance with the findings of a preliminary work where the titres were also low and they were then attributed to the young age of the animals used. The titres were about the same in the groups vaccinated with undiluted or diluted 1/4 vaccine and lower in those vaccinated with 1/16 of the normal dose. The revaccination carried out 3 weeks after the first vaccination increases the antibody titre as well as the resistance of animals to challenge. It was observed that an increase of the antibody titres resulted in a decrease of the percentage of animals positive to viremia but this percentage was still significant even in goats with high antibody titres.As regards to the generalization of the disease it was not so frequent when the infection was made with 104 to 105 DL^ FMD virus and it mostly affected the animals partially, on 1, 2 or 3 feet. With the use of higher doses of virus (10-6 · 50) the resistance of the animals appeared to be overcome by the infection. Sometimes, despite the high titres (1,87 and 1,95) of antibodies, viremia occured whereas in some animals with generalized lesions the viremia was not detected. This last fact may be due to the temporariness of the viremia or its eventual late appearance. As a conclusion we consider that viremia detection may be used for estimating the potency of FMD vaccine in goats, when the animals are infected with 104 to 105 DL5 0 FMD virus.The generalization of the disease must also be taken into account in cases that viremia is not detected. So the 4 vaccine batches, of a protective dose 50% for guinea pigs {0.25, (0.14, 0.12 and 0.48 ml, when tested on goats, their protective dose 50% was respectively 0.50, <1 , 1.25 and 0.47ml. If both viremia and generalization are taken into account, then the protective dose 50% for goats were respectively 0.50, <1 , 1.25 and 0.96 ml.

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