scholarly journals Using a Syndromic Approach to Study Health Impact and Risk Factors of Alcohol Intoxication in Reunion Island

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Vilain ◽  
Sophie Larrieu ◽  
Xavier Combes ◽  
Arnaud Bourdé ◽  
Pierre-Jean Marianne dit Cassou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Reunion Island ◽  
Syndromic Surveillance System ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Réunion Island ◽  
Syndromic Approach

In Reunion Island, alcohol is a major public health problem. Syndromic surveillance system based on ED data was used for describe alcohol intoxication visits between 2010-2012 and factors associated with their variations. During the study period, alcohol intoxication was the second leading cause of all visits in ED. Time-series models showed a robust association between ED visits and days of minimum social benefits payment, weekends, public holidays. These results will be transmitted to health authorities in order to orient the public health policies.

Emergency department syndromic surveillance to investigate the health impact and factors associated with alcohol intoxication in Reunion Island

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 386-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Vilain ◽  
Sophie Larrieu ◽  
Katia Mougin-Damour ◽  
Pierre-Jean Marianne Dit Cassou ◽  
Marc Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Syndromic Surveillance ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Reunion Island ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Réunion Island

scholarly journals Flexibility of ED surveillance system to monitor dengue outbreak in Reunion Island

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Vilain ◽  
Muriel Vincent ◽  
Anne Fouillet ◽  
Katia Mougin-Damour ◽  
Xavier Combes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Syndromic Surveillance ◽  
Reunion Island ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Syndromic Surveillance System ◽  
Dengue Outbreak ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Réunion Island ◽  
Ed Visits

ObjectiveTo describe the characteristics of ED vitis related to dengue fever and to show how the syndromic surveillance system can be flexible for the monitoring of this outbreak.IntroductionIn Reunion Island, a French overseas territory located in the southwestern of Indian Ocean, the dengue virus circulation is sporadic. Since 2004, between 10 and 221 probable and confirmed autochthonous dengue fever cases have been reported annually. Since January 2018, the island has experienced a large epidemic of DENV serotype 2. As of 4 September 2018, 6,538 confirmed and probable autochthonous cases have been notified1. From the beginning of the epidemic, the regional office of National Public Health Agency (ANSP) in Indian Ocean enhanced the syndromic surveillance system in order to monitor the outbreak and to provide hospital morbidity data to public health authorities.MethodsIn Reunion Island, the syndromic surveillance system called OSCOUR® network (Organisation de la Surveillance Coordonnée des Urgences) is based on all emergency departments (ED)2. Anonymous data are collected daily directly from the patients’ computerized medical files completed during medical consultations. Every day, data files are sent to the ANSP via a regional server over the internet using a file transfer protocol. Each file transmitted to ANSP includes all patient visits to the ED logged during the previous 24 hours (midnight to midnight). Finally, data are integrated in a national database (including control of data quality regarding authorized thesauri) and are made available to the regional office through an online application3.Following the start of dengue outbreak in week 4 of 2018, the regional office organized meetings with physicians in each ED to present the dengue epidemiological update and to recommend the coding of ED visit related to dengue for any suspect case (acute fever disease and two or more of the following signs or symptoms: nausea, vomiting, rash, headache, retro-orbital pain, myalgia). During these meetings, it was found that the version of ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases) was different from one ED to another. Indeed, some ED used A90, A91 (ICD-10 version: 2015) for visit related to dengue and others used A97 and subdivisions (ICD-10 version: 2016). As the ICD-10 version: 2015 was implemented at the national server, some passages could be excluded. In this context, the thesaurus of medical diagnosis implemented in the national database has been updated so that all codes can be accepted. ED visits related to dengue fever has been then described according to age group, gender and hospitalization.ResultsFrom week 9 of 2018, the syndromic surveillance system was operational to monitor dengue outbreak. The regional office has provided each week, an epidemic curve of ED visits for dengue and a dashboard on descriptive characteristic of these visits. In total, 441 ED visits for dengue were identified from week 9 to week 34 of 2018 (Figure 1). On this period, the weekly number of ED visits for dengue was correlated with the weekly number of probable and confirmed autochthonous cases (rho=0.86, p<0.001). Among these visits, the male/female ratio was 0.92 and median (min-max) age was 44 (2-98) years. The distribution by age group showed that 15-64 year-old (72.1%, n=127) were most affected. Age groups 65 years and more and 0-14 year-old represented respectively 21.8% (n=96) and 6.1% (n=27) of dengue visits. About 30% of dengue visits were hospitalized.ConclusionsAccording Buehler et al., “the flexibility of a surveillance system refers to the system's ability to change as needs change. The adaptation to changing detection needs or operating conditions should occur with minimal additional time, personnel, or other resources. Flexibility generally improves the more data processing is handled centrally rather than distributed to individual data-providing facilities because fewer system and operator behavior changes are needed...” 4.During this dengue outbreak, the syndromic surveillance system seems to have met this purpose. In four weeks (from week 5 to week 9 of 2018), the system was able to adapt to the epidemiological situation with minimal additional resources and personnel. Indeed, updates were not made in the IT systems of each EDs’ but at the level of the national ANSP server (by one person). This surveillance system was also flexible thank to the reactivity of ED physicians who timely implemented coding of visits related to dengue fever.In conclusion, ED surveillance system constitutes an added-value for the dengue outbreak monitoring in Reunion Island. The automated collection and analysis data allowed to provide hospital morbidity (severe dengue) data to public health authorities. Although the epidemic has decreased, this system also allows to continue a routine active surveillance in order to quickly identify a new increase.References1Santé publique France. Surveillance de la dengue à la Réunion. Point épidémiologique au 4 septembre 2018. http://invs.santepubliquefrance.fr/fr/Publications-et-outils/Points-epidemiologiques/Tous-les-numeros/Ocean-Indien/2018/Surveillance-de-la-dengue-a-la-Reunion.-Point-epidemiologique-au-4-septembre-2018. [Accessed September 8, 2018].2Vilain P, Filleul F. La surveillance syndromique à la Réunion : un système de surveillance intégré. [Syndromic surveillance in Reunion Island: integrated surveillance system]. Bulletin de Veille Sanitaire. 2013;(21):9-12. http://invs.santepubliquefrance.fr/fr/Publications-et-outils/Bulletin-de-veille-sanitaire/Tous-les-numeros/Ocean-indien-Reunion-Mayotte/Bulletin-de-veille-sanitaire-ocean-Indien.-N-21-Septembre-2013. [Accessed September 4, 2018].3Fouillet A, Fournet N, Caillère N et al. SurSaUD® Software: A Tool to Support the Data Management, the Analysis and the Dissemination of Results from the French Syndromic Surveillance System. OJPHI. 2013; 5(1): e118.4Buehler JW, Hopkins RS, Overhage JM, Sosin DM, Tong V; CDC Working Group. Framework for evaluating public health surveillance systems for early detection of outbreaks: recommendations from the CDC Working Group. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2004;53(RR-5):1-11.

scholarly journals THE TRIAL-READY COHORT FOR PRECLINICAL/PRODROMAL ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE (TRC-PAD) – A FUNDAMENTAL ALLY IN AD PREVENTION RESEARCH

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
A.P. Porsteinsson ◽  
E.D. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
Clinical Benefits

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains one of our greatest unmet medical needs, without any approved disease-modifying therapies. The emotional and financial burden of AD is enormous and predicted to grow exponentially with increasing median population age, posing a major public health problem. The potential to prevent or improve cognitive decline due to AD has important implications. There are medications currently approved for symptomatic treatment of AD, but they have limited clinical benefits and do not change the ultimate trajectory of the disease. The need to find effective treatments for AD that can prevent, slow, arrest, or even reverse the disease is ever more urgent and interventions that delay the symptomatic onset of AD would have a major public health impact (1).

scholarly journals Enhanced syndromic surveillance during the 9 th Indian Ocean Island Games, 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Vilain ◽  
Frédéric Pages ◽  
Guy Henrion ◽  
Xavier Combes ◽  
Marc Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Syndromic Surveillance ◽  
Reunion Island ◽  
Mass Gathering ◽  
Secondary Diagnosis ◽  
Syndromic Surveillance System ◽  
Ocean Island ◽  
Réunion Island ◽  
Ed Visits

ObjectiveTo describe how syndromic surveillance was enhanced to detecthealth events during the 9thIndian Ocean Island Games (IOIG) inReunion Island.IntroductionThe 9thIOIG took place in Reunion Island from July 31 to August9, 2015. This sport event gathered approximatively 1 640 athletes,2 000 volunteers and several thousand spectators from seven islands:Comoros, Madagascar, Maldives, Mauritius, Mayotte, Seychelles andReunion.In response to the import risk of infectious diseases from thesecountries where some of them are endemics, the syndromicsurveillance system, which captures 100% of all EmergencyDepartment visits, was enhanced in order to detect any health event.MethodsIn Reunion Island, syndromic surveillance system is based onOSCOUR® network (Organisation de la surveillance coordonnéedes urgences) that collects data from all emergency departments ofthe island. Data are daily transmitted to the French national publichealth agency then are available to the regional office. At the regionallevel, data are integrated into an application that allows the built ofpredefined syndromic groups according to the health risks related tomass gatherings (Table 1, parts 1 to 3) and complemented by specificsyndromic groups (table 1, part 4). Daily analyses with temporal[1] and spatial-temporal [2] algorithms were performed during thesurveillance period of July 27 to August 13, 2015. In addition to thismonitoring, ED physicians were requested to proactively tag Y33(ICD-10) as secondary diagnosis, each ED visits related to IOIG. Linelists were reviewed daily. Each day, an epidemiological report wassend to public health authorities.ResultsFrom July 31 to August 9, 2015, the activity of EDs was inaccordance with that expected. No health events were detected bythe syndromic surveillance system except for the syndrome “alcoholintoxication” for which consecutive signals were observed fromAugust 6 to 9, 2015. This increase occurs commonly at the beginningof each month (due to the social benefits payday) [3] nevertheless thisevent has probably been increased by IOIG (finals for team sportsand games closing ceremony). In total, 8 ED visits were tagged Y33as secondary diagnosis. In over half the cases, visits were related totrauma.ConclusionsThe syndromic surveillance system proved to be useful for thesurveillance of mass gathering events due to its capacity to detecthealth events but also to provide reassurance public health authorities[4]. As described in literature [5], few ED visits were tagged in relationto IOIG. Indeed, the tag of ED visits was implemented two weeksbefore the games, and given the shifts of ED physicians, some of themmay have not been informed. In the future, preparation meetings withphysicians will have to be planned several months before in order toimprove the response rate for mass gathering events.

scholarly journals Incidence of psychrotrophs bacteria with potential public health implications in ice cream sold in Zakho markets

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4247
Author(s):  
Yousif Abdulla AlBany ◽  
Reem Qasim Mohammed ◽  
Nagham Mohammed Azzo ◽  
Mohammad Ismail Al-Berfkani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
High Prevalence

Background: Foodborne illness are caused by the consumption of food that is contaminated with either bacteria or their toxins and the most common causes are psychotropic bacteria which cause major public health problem. The aim was to detect and enumerate pathogenic bacteria in locally made ice cream.Methods: 250 locally made ice cream samples were randomly collected from automatic soft machines and dipping cabinets in the markets of Zakho city over a period of ten months starting in July 2016 to May 2017. All collected samples were transported to the microbiology laboratory. The most probable number methods used for detection and enumeration of pathogenic psychotropic bacteria.Results: In general, both types of ice cream samples were showed heavy contamination with aerobic bacteria. The Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) counts exceeded the standard limits in all samples; the count in dipping cabinets' samples was higher than automatic soft machines samples whereas Coliform count in automatic soft machines samples was higher than dipping cabinets' samples. High incidence of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes had been detected in all ice cream samples and the range in samples from automatic soft machines were higher than samples obtained from dipping cabinets.Conclusions: This study indicates a high prevalence of pathogenic psychrotrophs in unpacked ice cream and poor hygiene during production, which make local ice cream unsuitable for consumption and it is indicating the need to monitor the hygienic quality of markets and the health authorities must be informed about such cases to avoid food poisoning. 

Health Impact Assessment of Cyclone Bejisa in Reunion Island (France) Using Syndromic Surveillance

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Vilain ◽  
Frédéric Pagès ◽  
Xavier Combes ◽  
Pierre-Jean Marianne Dit Cassou ◽  
Katia Mougin-Damour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Syndromic Surveillance ◽  
Health Impact Assessment ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Reunion Island ◽  
Power Outages ◽  
Syndromic Surveillance System ◽  
Réunion Island

AbstractIntroductionOn January 2, 2014, Cyclone Bejisa struck Reunion Island (France). This storm led to major material damages, such as power outages, disturbance of drinking water systems, road closures, and the evacuation of residents. In this context, the Regional Office of French Institute for Public Health Surveillance in Indian Ocean (Cire OI) set up an epidemiological surveillance in order to describe short-term health effects of the cyclone.MethodsThe assessment of the health impact was based mainly on a syndromic surveillance system, including the activity of all emergency departments (EDs) and the Emergency Medical Service (EMS) of the island. From these data, several health indicators were collected and analyzed daily and weekly. To complete this assessment, all medical charts recorded in the EDs of Reunion Island from January 2, 2014 through January 5, 2014 were reviewed in order to identify visits directly and indirectly related to the cyclone, and to determine mechanisms of injuries.ResultsThe number of calls to the EMS peaked the day of the cyclone, and the number of ED visits increased markedly over the next two days. At the same time, a significant increase in visits for trauma, burns, and carbon monoxide poisoning was detected in all EDs. Among 1,748 medical records reviewed, eight visits were directly related to the cyclone and 208 were indirectly related. For trauma, the main mechanisms of injury were falls and injuries by machinery or tools during the clean-up and repair works. Due to prolonged power outages, several patients were hospitalized: some to assure continuity of care, others to take care of an exacerbation of a chronic disease. An increase in leptospirosis cases linked to post-cyclone clean-up was observed two weeks after the cyclone.ConclusionInformation based on the syndromic surveillance system allowed the authors to assess rapidly the health impact of Cyclone Bejisa in Reunion Island; however, an underestimation of this impact was still possible. In the near future, several lines of work will be planned by the authors in order to improve the assessment.VilainP, PagèsF, CombesX, Marianne Dit CassouPJ, Mougin-DamourK, Jacques-AntoineY, FilleulL. Health impact assessment of Cyclone Bejisa in Reunion Island (France) using syndromic surveillance. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(2):1-8

scholarly journals “Koman i lé” : An Online Self-Reported Symptoms Surveillance System in Reunion Island

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadège Marguerite ◽  
Pascal Vilain ◽  
Etienne Sévin ◽  
Farid Sahridji ◽  
Laurent Filleul
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Reunion Island ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Major Outbreak ◽  
Policy Information ◽  
Réunion Island ◽  
Sentinel Population

In Reunion Island, the population is very sensitive to public health concerns. In this context, the health authorities implemented since April 2014 a web-based surveillance system, called “Koman i lé” and based on a volunteers' cohort in general population. This surveillance system allowed to follow the seasonal influenza epidemic in 2014 and the major outbreak of conjunctivitis from January to April 2015. In conclusion, the sentinel population allows the population of Reunion Island to take an active part in the health regional policy. Information reported by individuals can increase traditional public health methods for more timely detection of disease outbreaks.

Characteristics of Norovirus Food Poisoning Outbreaks in Korea in the 2000s

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Gyu Kim ◽  
Joong-Soon Kim ◽  
Jeong-Gyoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Climate Factors ◽  
School Lunch Programs ◽  
Meal Service

Norovirus food poisoning outbreaks in Korea (South) appeared in 2000s and have been increasing since then. We aimed to investigate the epidemiological features of norovirus food poisoning outbreaks in Korea over the past years (2002 ~ 2017), based on official food poisoning statistics and available reports, and to find their association with climate factors. Norovirus was the most common cause of food poisoning among known causative substances in Korea during the study period. More than one-third of the incidents occurred in group meal-service facilities, including school lunch programs. A few of these facilities used groundwater contaminated with noroviruses to wash / cook food, which contributed to outbreaks. Norovirus occurrences showed strong seasonality; cold and relatively dry winter air may help norovirus to flourish. Both norovirus genotypes GI and GII infectious to humans were detected, with GII becoming more prevalent than GI. According to our correlation analysis in connection with climate factors, average temperatures, the highest and lowest temperatures, precipitation, the number of rain days, and humidity showed a significant negative correlation with a monthly norovirus occurrence (p &lt; 0.05). The lowest temperature and average temperature had higher coefficients of correlation, -0.377 and -0.376, respectively. The norovirus outbreaks in Korea showed complex etiological characteristics, although it more prevailed in wintertime, and are now considered as a major public health problem. The use of groundwater in group meal-service settings has a public health impact as well as norovirus concern, therefore groundwater used in food service facilities / business should be treated for safety.

scholarly journals Using an Emergency Department Syndromic Surveillance System to Assess the Impact of Cyclone Bejisa, Reunion Island

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Vilain ◽  
Frédéric Pagès ◽  
Katia Mougin-Damour ◽  
Xavier Combes ◽  
Pierre-Jean Marianne Dit Cassou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Syndromic Surveillance ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Reunion Island ◽  
Syndromic Surveillance System ◽  
Réunion Island ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

On January 2, 2014 the cyclone Bejisa struck Reunion Island. In anticipation, an epidemiological surveillance was set up in order to assess the impact in the aftermath of the cyclone. Short-term health effects were assessed using a syndromic surveillance system based on data of EDs and EMS. A peak of calls to the EMS was observed the day of the cyclone and an increase of ED visits over the next two days. At the same time, a significant increase of visits for trauma, burns, conjunctivitis was detected. The reactivity and the flexibility of the syndromic surveillance system allowed to rapidly assess the health impact of the cyclone.

Substance Abuse and Drug-Related Death, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide: A Review

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Mino ◽  
Arnaud Bousquet ◽  
Barbara Broers
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Hiv Epidemic

The high mortality rate among drug users, which is partly due to the HIV epidemic and partly due to drug-related accidental deaths and suicides, presents a major public health problem. Knowing more about prevalence, incidence, and risk factors is important for the development of rational preventive and therapeutic programs. This article attempts to give an overview of studies of the relations between substance abuse, suicidal ideation, suicide, and drug-related death. Research in this field is hampered by the absence of clear definitions, and results of studies are rarely comparable. There is, however, consensus about suicidal ideation being a risk factor for suicide attempts and suicide. Suicidal ideation is also a predictor of suicide, especially among drug users. It is correlated with an absence of family support, with the severity of the psychosocial dysfunctioning, and with multi-drug abuse, but also with requests for treatment. Every clinical examination of a drug user, not only of those who are depressed, should address the possible presence of suicidal ideation, as well as its intensity and duration.

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