scholarly journals Participatory Methods for Stigma Reduction with HIV-Affected Families

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Mason
Keyword(s):  
Service Development ◽  
Participatory Methods ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Stigma Reduction ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stigma Experiences

HIV stigma contributes to risks for poor health; these risks are exacerbated by additional stigmas of race, gender, sexual orientation, and substance abuse history. As women continue to be infected by HIV and as people with HIV are living longer, their children, most of whom are not HIV infected, are affected by their parent’s HIV status. Children may feel stigma as acutely as their HIV-positive (HIV+) parents, contributing to the children’s vulnerability. Children of HIV+ mothers have more emotional problems, disrupted relationships, and poor school outcomes than those whose mothers are not living with HIV. As we learn about stigma’s impact beyond the individual, we are compelled to respond systemically within families to reduce future generations’ vulnerability to HIV and other risks. Based on a line of inquiry with HIV-affected teens about their stigma experiences, our multidisciplinary team discovered stigma’s impact on our ability, not only to study stigma, but to engage parents and especially their children in services and research. We draw on these findings and the literature on community-based participation to contend that participatory methods have value, not only for research and program development, but in reducing the impact of stigma with our HIV-affected partners. The participatory process is as important to stigma reduction as knowledge and service development outcomes. Participatory methods can expand our potential for breaking the cycle of intergenerational vulnerability by strengthening family skills and capacity and enhancing self-worth so those affected by HIV are empowered to overcome stigma’s impact.

Creating a culture of employability in mental health

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Boycott ◽  
Justine Schneider ◽  
Michael Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Supported Employment ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Early Intervention In Psychosis ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to draw out the lessons learned from the implementation of the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) approach to supported employment in two contrasting adult mental health teams; one “standard” CMHT, and one early intervention in psychosis (EIP) team. Design/methodology/approach – These inferences are based on the evidence from a four-year study of IPS in one mental health care provider in the UK, which began by setting up a new service, and went on to run a RCT looking at the impact of psychological input as an adjunct to IPS alone. Findings – In attempting to introduce IPS to mental health teams in Nottingham the authors came across numerous barriers, including service reorganisation, funding cuts and the wider context of recession. Differences were observed between mental health teams in the willingness to embrace IPS. The authors argue that this variability is due to differences in caseload size, recovery priorities and client profiles. The authors have learnt that perseverance, strenuous efforts to engage clinical staff and the use of IPS fidelity reviews can make a positive difference to the implementation process. Practical implications – The experience suggests that setting up an IPS service is possible even in the most challenging of times, and that EIP services may be a particularly fertile ground for this approach. The authors also discuss potential barriers to implementing new services in mental health teams. Originality/value – This paper will be of value to service development and the science of implementation in mental health.

scholarly journals An Integrated Approach to HIV Disclosure for HIV-Affected Families in Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 232595821983102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jureeporn Jantarapakde ◽  
Chitsanu Pancharoen ◽  
Somsong Teeratakulpisarn ◽  
Pornpen Mathajittiphan ◽  
Rosalin Kriengsinyot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationship ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Hiv Disclosure ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Group Education ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Programs ◽  
The Impact

Disclosure of HIV status to family members could improve communication, relationship, and cohesion. We evaluated the impact of a family-centered program designed to increase the readiness/willingness of parents to disclose HIV status to their children. People living with HIV (PLWH) with children ≥8 years were surveyed regarding HIV knowledge, family relationship, attitudes, willingness/readiness to disclose, and they were then invited to participate in group education and family camps. Of 367 PLWH surveyed, 0.8% had disclosed, 14.7% had not yet disclosed but were willing/ready to disclose, 50.4% were willing but not ready, and 33.2% did not wish to disclose. The educational sessions and camps led to significant improvements of HIV knowledge and disclosure techniques, and readiness/willingness to disclose. Given the benefits of group education and family camps in supporting PLWH to improve their communication with their families and disclose their HIV status, these supporting activities should be included in HIV programs.

scholarly journals Disclosure of HIV seropositivity to sexual partner in Ethiopia: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 174550652110630
Author(s):  
Aklilu Endalamaw ◽  
Yibeltal Assefa ◽  
Demeke Geremew ◽  
Habte Belete ◽  
Berihun Assefa Dachew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Status Disclosure ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: In Ethiopia, the burden of HIV/AIDS is a public health issue that requires significant control of transmission. Once an infection has been established, determinants influence people living with HIV to disclose or not their HIV-positive status to sexual partners. This study assessed the proportion and associated factors of people living with HIV’s disclosure status to sexual partners. Methods: CRD42020149092 is the protocol’s registration number in the PROSPERO database. We searched PubMed, Scopus, African Journals Online, and Google Scholar databases. For the subjective and objective assessment of publication bias, we used a funnel plot and Egger’s regression test, respectively. The I2 statistic was used to assess variation across studies. Meta-analysis of weighted inverse variance random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled proportion. We conducted subgroup and sensitivity analyses to investigate the cause of heterogeneity and the impact of outliers on the overall estimation, respectively. A trend analysis was also performed to show the presence of time variation. Results: The percentage of people living with HIV who disclosed their HIV-positive status to sexual partners was 76.03% (95% confidence interval: 68.78, 83.27). Being on antiretroviral therapy (adjusted odds ratio = 6.19; 95% confidence interval: 2.92, 9.49), cohabiting with partner (adjusted odds ratio = 4.48; 95% confidence interval: 1.24, 7.72), receiving HIV counseling (adjusted odds ratio = 3.94; 95% confidence interval: 2.08, 5.80), having discussion prior to HIV testing (adjusted odds ratio = 4.40; 95% confidence interval: 2.11, 6.69), being aware of partner’s HIV status (adjusted odds ratio = 6.08; 95% confidence interval: 3.05, 9.10), positive relationship with partner (adjusted odds ratio = 4.44; 95% confidence interval:1.28, 7.61), and being member of HIV association (adjusted odds ratio = 3.70; 95% confidence interval: 2.20, 5.20) had positive association with HIV status disclosure. Conclusion: In Ethiopia, more than one-fourth of adults living with HIV did not disclose their HIV-positive status to sexual partners. HIV-positive status disclosure was influenced by psychosocial factors. A multidimensional approach is required to increase seropositive disclosure in Ethiopia.

The impact of young onset dementia on the family: a literature review

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Svanberg ◽  
Aimee Spector ◽  
Joshua Stott
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Systematic Literature Search ◽  
Young Onset ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The Family ◽  
Young Onset Dementia ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTBackground: The needs of younger people with dementia have become increasingly recognized in service development. However, little is known about the impact of a diagnosis of young onset dementia on people aged under 65 years and their families. This paper reviews the literature on the experiences of younger people with dementia and their families in the U.K., and outcomes for carers.Methods: Twenty-six studies, encompassing a variety of themes concerning this population, were reviewed following a systematic literature search.Results: Results are divided into the impact on the individual and the impact on the family, specifically carer outcomes and the impact on children.Conclusions: The studies reviewed reveal a number of negative outcomes for the individual and carers, and highlight the need for further research.

Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury and its Impact Upon Sexuality

1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Kathleen H. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Sexual Functioning ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Physiological Impact ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Recently, the impact of spinal cord injury upon the sexual functioning of men and women has received increased attention. It is now generally recognized that sexuality is an important component in aiding the cord injured person to re-establish feelings of self-worth and a positive self-concept. This paper discusses the physiological impact that traumatic spinal cord injury has upon sexuality. The counselor's role in assisting the individual to achieve a healthy and fulfilling sexual life is also explored.

The impact of discomfort with HIV status and hopelessness on depressive symptoms among adolescents living with HIV in Uganda

AIDS Care ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Patricia Cavazos-Rehg ◽  
Christine Xu ◽  
Jacob Borodovsky ◽  
Erin Kasson ◽  
William Byansi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Women’s experiences of fistula-related stigma in Uganda: application of a conceptual framework to inform stigma-reduction interventions

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Elayadi
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Mulago Hospital ◽  
Internalized Stigma ◽  
Stigma Reduction ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Enacted Stigma ◽  
Stigma Experiences

Aims: To understand women’s fistula-related stigma experiences using a conceptual framework. Methods: In-depth interviews and focus groups discussion including 33 women who underwent fistula surgery 6-24 months prior at Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda in May-July 2014.Coded transcripts were analyzed thematically for experiences and consequences of enacted, anticipated, and internalized stigma. Results: Narratives of enacted stigma experiences included verbal abuse, relationship dissolution, and exclusion from household, family and community activities. Women’s stigma anticipations reflected fears of enacted stigma. Internalized stigma reports revealed pervasive shame and low self-esteem: reduction in self-worth, disgrace, and envisioning no future. Consequences of fistula-related stigma described by women included self-imposed social isolation, changes to normal household activities, non-disclosure of fistula, and poor mental health. Conclusions: Refining stigma theory to specific conditions has resulted in nuanced understanding of stigma dimensions, manifestations, mechanisms, and consequences, permitting comparison across contexts and populations, and development and evaluation of stigma-reduction interventions. These lessons should be applied to fistula, acknowledging its unique features: concealability, management needs, lack of community awareness, and links with infertility and stillbirth. Reducing fistula-related stigma requires timely access to surgical and supportive care, developing and evaluating evidence and theory-based interventions for social reintegration and stigma reduction, and addressing the complex societal structures perpetuating this condition.

scholarly journals Differences in Post-mRNA Vaccination SARS-CoV-2 IgG Concentrations and Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test Response by HIV Status and Type of Vaccine: a Matched Case-Control Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A Spinelli ◽  
Michael J Peluso ◽  
Kara L Lynch ◽  
Cassandra Yun ◽  
David V Glidden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Virus Neutralization Test ◽  
Virus Neutralization ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Test Response ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, people living with HIV (PLWH) had lower surrogate virus neutralization test response (p=0.03) and a trend towards lower IgG response (p=0.08), particularly among those with lower CD4+T-cell counts and who received the BNT162b2 vaccine. Study of the impact of supplemental vaccine doses among PLWH is needed.

scholarly journals Undetectable equals untransmittable (U = U): awareness and associations with health outcomes among people living with HIV in 25 countries

2020 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinyere Okoli ◽  
Nicolas Van de Velde ◽  
Bruce Richman ◽  
Brent Allan ◽  
Erika Castellanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Suboptimal Adherence ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

Objectives‘Undetectable equals Untransmittable’ (U=U) is an empowering message that may enable people living with HIV (PLHIV) to reach and maintain undetectability. We estimated the percentage of PLHIV who ever discussed U=U with their main HIV care provider, and measured associations with health-related outcomes. Secondarily, we evaluated whether the impact of the U=U message varied between those who heard it from their healthcare provider (HCP) vs from elsewhere.MethodsData were from the 25-country 2019 Positive Perspectives Survey of PLHIV on treatment (n=2389). PLHIV were classified as having discussed U=U with their HCP if they indicated that their HCP had ever told them about U=U. Those who had not discussed U=U with their HCP but were nonetheless aware that ‘My HIV medication prevents me from passing on HIV to others’ were classified as being made aware of U=U from non-HCP sources. Multivariable logistic regression was used to measure associations between exposure to U=U messages and health outcomes.ResultsOverall, 66.5% reported ever discussing U=U with their HCP, from 38.0% (South Korea) to 87.3% (Switzerland). Prevalence was lowest among heterosexual men (57.6%) and PLHIV in Asia (51.3%). Compared with those unaware of U=U, those reporting U=U discussions with their HCP had lower odds of suboptimal adherence (AOR=0.59, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.78) and higher odds of self-reported viral suppression (AOR=2.34, 95% CI 1.72 to 3.20), optimal sexual health (AOR=1.48, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.92) and reporting they ‘always shared’ their HIV status (AOR=2.99, 95% CI 1.42 to 6.28). While exposure to U=U information from non-HCP sources was beneficial too, the observed associations were attenuated relative to those seen with reported discussions with HCPs.ConclusionHCP discussion of U=U with PLHIV was associated with favourable health outcomes. However, missed opportunities exist since a third of PLHIV reported not having any U=U discussion with their HCP. U=U discussions with PLHIV should be considered as a standard of care in clinical guidelines.

Social Determinants of Depression Among Older Black Women Living With HIV

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 576-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna C. De Oliveira ◽  
Rosina Cianelli ◽  
Natalia Villegas ◽  
Angel Solorzano Martinez ◽  
Kimberly Hires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of depression spans age-groups, but it can be particularly destructive for older people with chronic illness. Among older Black women living with HIV (OBWLH), multiple social determinants have been associated with the prevalence and severity of depression. A greater understanding of the impact of the social determinants at the individual, interpersonal, and community levels is needed. AIMS: To explore social determinants of depression among OBWLH at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and community levels. METHOD: Cross-sectional descriptive design. RESULTS: A total of 118 OBWLH were analyzed in the study. Depression was prevalent among the participants. Approximately 89.8% of the participants had moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Health status, exercise, and social support were significant predictors of depression in the sample. CONCLUSION: Social determinants at multiple levels play a significant role in the occurrence and management of depression among OBWLH. Implications for practice, education, and research can be drawn from these findings.

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