The effect of chlorine, and alcohol on SARS-CoV-2

Coronavirus disease COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a reality that requires us to protect ourselves from infection, especially as the disease is highly infectious and has no specific treatment. Disinfectants are one of the most important ways to prevent the virus, specifically chlorine and alcohol-based hand sensitizers. This study aims to discuss the efficacy of both alcohol disinfectants and chlorine on the Coronavirus, and that discussion led us to the conclusion that both have an effective role in killing the virus in close proportion if used in the required circumstances and in the right way. Alcohol can also be used to make hand rubs, because of its short duration of action, and reduced side effects. Chlorine can be used to disinfect many types of surfaces and facilities due to its dangerous adverse effects on humans.

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EDUKASI TERHADAP REMAJA DALAM PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN TENTANG PENGGUNAAN GAME DENGAN BIJAK

Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Universitas Al Azhar Indonesia ◽

10.36722/jpm.v2i1.361 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Ikhsan Fuady ◽

Rangga Saptya MP

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Violent Behavior ◽

Daily Lives ◽

Before And After ◽

Improper Use ◽

Effective Role ◽

Education And Outreach ◽

The Right ◽

Dedicated Team ◽

User Ratings

AbstrakPemanfaatan game dikalangan remaja memiliki peran yang efektif sebagai wadah untuk hiburan. Tetapi pemanfaatan game tidak tepat memiliki efek samping game terhadap kehidupan sehari hari remaja, mulai dari kurang bersosialIsasi hingga perilaku kekerasan dikalangan remaja. Penyuluhan terhadap remaja bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada remaja tentang variasi game berdasarkan rating pengguna, maupun cerdas dalam manajemen penggunaan game dalam kehidupan remaja sehari hari. Pengetahuan remaja tentang varian/ragam game berdasarkan rating relatif rendah sebagaian besar pemengetahuannya tersebar pada kategori sangat rendah dan rendah yaitu sebesar 65 persen. Metode edukasi dan sosialisasi ini adalah dengan beberapa tahapan. Tahap pertaman tim pengabdian memberikan edukasi dan diskusi tentang beragam bentuk game, karakteristik, serta karakteristik pengguna game yang tepat. Selanjutnya beberapa permainan dan kuis untuk meingkatkan literasi remaja tentang pemanfaatan game secara bijak. Kegiatan penyuluhan ini mampu meningkatkan pemahaman para remaja dalam mengenali game yang baik digunakan, hal ini dapat dilihat dari peningkatan pengetahuan remaja relatif signifikan sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan.Kata kunci: Edukasi, Game, Penyuluhan Abstract The use of games among teenagers has an effective role as a forum for entertainment. But the improper use of games has the side effects of games on the daily lives of adolescents, ranging from lack of socialization to violent behavior in adolescents. Counseling against adolescents aims to provide understanding to adolescents about the variety/variance of games based on user ratings, as well as being smart in managing game use in daily teenage life. Teenagers' knowledge about game variants/based on the rating is relatively low, most of the knowledge is spread in the very low and low categories, which is 65 percent. The method of education and outreach is by several stages. The first stage of the dedicated team provided education and discussion about various forms of games, characteristics, and characteristics of the right game user. Furthermore, some games and quizzes to improve teen literacy about game use wisely. This counseling activity can increase the understanding of teenagers in recognizing games that are well used, this can be seen from the relatively significant increase in adolescent knowledge before and after counseling.Keywords: Education, Games, Counseling

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T216. VARIATION IN SIDE EFFECTS TO ANTIPSYCHOTIC TREATMENT ACROSS SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM DISORDERS

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sbaa029.776 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S314-S315

Author(s):

Maria Susanne Neumeier ◽

Stephanie Winkelbeiner ◽

John Kane ◽

Erich Seifritz ◽

Maximilian Huhn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Side Effects ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Precision Medicine ◽

Antipsychotic Treatment ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽

Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽

Second Generation Antipsychotics ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

The Right

Abstract Background Adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs play a key role in non-compliance and discontinuation of treatment in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD). Precision medicine aims to minimize such adverse effects by selecting the right treatment for the right patients. To determine the need for precision medicine we need to estimate the amount of variation in adverse effects between patients. While clinical experience suggests that such variation is considerable, analyzing how variation differs between treated and untreated patients can answer this question. Here, we hypothesized to find larger variation in treatment compared to control groups of patients treated with second generation antipsychotics. Methods We included double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trials of adults with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and prescription for licensed antipsychotic drugs. Means and variances of the pretreatment and posttreatment outcome differences of weight gain, prolactine levels, and corrected QTC times were extracted. Data quality and validity were ensured by following the PRISMA guidelines. The outcome measure was the overall variability ratio of treatment to control across RCTs. Individual variability ratios were weighted by the inverse-variance method and entered into a random-effects model. Results We included N = 13 282 patients for weight gain, N = 11 767 for prolactine levels, and N = 7 203 for QTC time. For all the measured adverse effects, variances were greater in treatment compared to control. Specifically, variance ratios were increased for weight gain (VR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.20), prolactine levels (VR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.68) and QTc time (VR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.12). Discussion We found increased variability in the major side effects that patients with SSD had under treatment with second generation antipsychotics. Indeed, some patients were more susceptible than others to weight gain, prolactine level increase, and QTC time increase, suggesting that precision medicine in antipsychotic treatment should be informed by individual differences in side effects rather than treatment effects. Future studies should aim at finding biological predictors of such individual differences in side effects.

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Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the labium oris with rare metastasis to the pleural cavity

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2020-237622 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. e237622

Author(s):

Osama Mosalem ◽

Anas Alsara ◽

Fawzi Abu Rous ◽

Borys Hrinczenko

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma ◽

Pleural Cavity ◽

Epigastric Pain ◽

Asian Woman ◽

Upper Lip ◽

Adenoid Cystic ◽

History Of ◽

The Right

A 57-year-old Southeast Asian woman with a remote history of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the right labium superius oris (upper lip) presented to the hospital with vague epigastric pain. On workup, she was found to have multiple pleural nodules. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic ACC. After 8 months of active surveillance, evidence of disease progression was found and the patient was started on pembrolizumab. Follow-up after starting pembrolizumab showed stable disease with no significant side effects.

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The Use of Methotrexate in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy ◽

10.1177/106002808501900503 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 349-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Peter W. Letendre ◽

Douglas J. DeJong ◽

Donald R. Miller

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Folic Acid ◽

Side Effects ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Systemic Administration ◽

Refractory Disease ◽

Controlled Clinical Trials ◽

Folic Acid Antagonist ◽

Acid Antagonist

The use of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis is reviewed. Methotrexate, a folic acid antagonist, is sometimes employed in an attempt to symptomatically control patients whose disease does not respond adequately to conventional therapies. Systemic administration of 7.5–15 mg/wk in a “pulse” fashion appears to be effective without precipitating severe adverse effects. However, concern over potentially serious side effects and a lack of well-controlled clinical trials have limited its use to severe, refractory disease. Further studies are needed before its role in rheumatoid arthritis can justifiably be expanded.

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1017. Haves vs. Have-Nots in Healthcare Communication: Examining the Paradox Where PLHIV Who Need Quality Discussions with their Providers the Most, Access it the Least

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1203 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S538-S538

Author(s):

Patricia De Los Rios ◽

Benjamin Young ◽

Marvelous Muchenje ◽

Nicolas Van de Velde ◽

Chinyere Okoli

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Privacy Concerns ◽

Treatment Gaps ◽

Chi Squared ◽

Healthcare Communication ◽

Reported Data ◽

High Engagement ◽

Optimal Adherence

Abstract Background Quality communication between patients & HCPs is important to help to identify/address treatment gaps. Who initiates this communication may vary, but impact of good quality communication as a marker of successful care has not been fully explored in PLHIV. We investigated whether perceived comfort discussing salient issues with HCPs differed between PLHIV with vs without specific treatment challenges. Methods We analyzed self-reported data for 520 PLHIV from the 2019 Positive Perspectives study from Canada and USA. Engagement in care (low, moderate, high), was modified from the Observing Patient Involvement scale. Using Chi-squared tests, we compared communication barriers among those uncomfortable discussing with their HCP (p< .05). Results Mean age was 39.6 years. Perceived comfort discussing salient issues with HCPs was significantly lower among PLHIV with than without the specified challenges: discussing side effects (those experiencing side effects=50.4%[135/268] vs without=60.7%[153/252], p=.018); discussing privacy concerns (those hiding medications=41.3%[138/334] vs not hiding =66.7%[124/186], p< .001); discussing adherence challenges (those with suboptimal =42.4%[78/184] vs optimal adherence=57.7%[194/336], p=.001); discussing concerns about HIV illnesses (those without viral suppression=43.1%[90/209] vs virally suppressed=64.6%[201/311], p< .001); and discussing impact of HIV on their life (45.4%[100/220] vs 62.7%[188/300] among those reporting vs not reporting that HIV negatively impacts their life, respectively, p< .001). Among those uncomfortable discussing HCP/clinic-related barriers (eg, no time during visits, worried HCP might perceive them as “difficult”) and limited self-efficacy were particularly more prevalent among those with vs without specific challenges (Figure 2). Pooled analysis showed that optimal self-rated health was 33.9%[42/124]; 52.1%[112/215]; and 68.5%[124/181] among those with low, moderate, & high engagement (p< .001, Figure 3). Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Conclusion Individuals uncomfortable discussing issues with their HCP reported greater treatment challenges. Proactive HCP-driven high-quality communications with all patients is necessary to help address these concerns. Disclosures Patricia De Los Rios, MSc, GlaxoSmithKline (Shareholder)ViiV Healthcare (Employee) Benjamin Young, MD, PhD, ViiV Healthcare (Employee) Marvelous Muchenje, BSW, MSc. in Global Health, ViiV Healthcare Canada (Employee) Nicolas Van de Velde, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline (Shareholder)ViiV Healthcare (Employee) Chinyere Okoli, PharmD, MSc, DIP, ViiV Healthcare (Employee)

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Physiological Pacing: A New Road to Future

Indian Journal of Clinical Cardiology ◽

10.1177/2632463620978045 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 263246362097804

Author(s):

Vanita Arora ◽

Pawan Suri

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Fibrous Tissue ◽

Cardiac Pacing ◽

His Bundle ◽

Anatomy And Physiology ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Pacing Lead ◽

The Right

Anatomy and physiology are the basis of human body functioning and as we have progressed in management of various diseases, we have understood that physiological intervention is always better than an anatomical one. For more than 50 years, a standard approach to permanent cardiac pacing has been an anatomical placement of transvenous pacing lead at the right ventricular apex with a proven benefit of restoring the rhythm. However, the resultant ventricular dyssynchrony on the long-term follow-up in patients requiring more than 40% ventricular pacing led to untoward side effects in the form of heart failure and arrhythmias. To counter such adverse side effects, a need for physiological cardiac pacing wherein the electrical impulse be transmitted directly through the normal conduction system was sought. His bundle pacing (HBP) with an intriguing alternative of left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) is aimed at restoring such physiological activation of ventricles. HBP is safe, efficacious, and feasible; however, localization and placement of a pacing lead at the His bundle is challenging with existing transvenous systems due to its small anatomic size, surrounding fibrous tissue, long-learning curve, and the concern remains about lead dislodgement and progressive electrical block distal to the HBP lead. In this article, we aim to take the reader through the challenging journey of HBP with focus upon the hardware and technique, selective versus nonselective HBP, indications and potential disadvantages, and finally the future prospects.

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Choroidal metastases: case report and review

Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice ◽

10.1017/s1460396920001090 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Victor Duque ◽

Carolina de la Pinta ◽

Ciriaco Corral ◽

Carmen Vallejo ◽

Margarita Martin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Side Effects ◽

External Beam Radiotherapy ◽

Choroidal Metastasis ◽

Good Visual Acuity ◽

Good Local Control ◽

Radiological Response ◽

The Right ◽

The Brain

Abstract Introduction: Choroidal metastases are the most frequent intraocular secondary tumours, with a prevalence of 2–7% according to the literature. Our aim was to review a clinical case of choroidal metastasis. We present a case of a 63-year-old male patient diagnosed in 2018 with lung adenocarcinoma cT4N0M1. The patient had three metastases in the brain, which were successfully treated with radiosurgery (RS). The patient was treated with chemotherapy with pemetrexed–cisplatin schedule. Five months after diagnosis, the patient presented with decreased vision in the right eye. After ophthalmologic evaluation, he was diagnosed with a right choroidal metastasis, which was treated with external beam radiotherapy with 20 Gy in five fractions, resulting in improved visual acuity and a complete clinical and radiological response. The patient took part in a clinical trial that continued with systemic chemotherapy. Twenty-two months after radiotherapy to the eye, the patient has good visual acuity without any side effects. Conclusions: Choroidal metastasis treated with radiotherapy achieves good local control, with limited side effects, allowing an improvement in visual acuity and consequently, an improvement in the patient´s quality of life.

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Calcitonin Stimulation Tests: Rationale, Technical Issues and Side Effects: A Review

Hormone and Metabolic Research ◽

10.1055/a-1487-6449 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (06) ◽

pp. 355-363

Author(s):

Mara Băetu ◽

Cristina Alexandra Olariu ◽

Gabriel Moldoveanu ◽

Cristina Corneci ◽

Corin Badiu

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Stimulation Test ◽

Cardiac Monitoring ◽

Calcium Stimulation ◽

United States Food ◽

Stimulation Tests ◽

Gender Specific Differences ◽

Technical Issues ◽

States Food ◽

The Right

AbstractCalcitonin (CT) stimulation tests have great value and could help to: differentiate thyroid causes of elevated CT apart from non-thyroid sources, determine whether the patients with slightly elevated basal CT could/could not be candidates for surgery, and indicate the right moment for prophylactic thyroidectomy in children with MEN syndromes when with normal basal CT. This triggered the requests for development of CT stimulation tests, taking into consideration their safety and aimed us to write a systematic review of literature regarding the rationale, technical issues, and side effects of CT stimulating tests used for diagnosis of MTC. After a thorough review of the literature, we classified the reported side effects by severity, as defined by United States Food and Drug Administration. A statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20. Various side effects were noticed during stimulation tests that differ by intensity, duration and severity, depending on types of substances and protocols used. The side effects after pentagastrin test were significantly more severe than those reported after calcium stimulation test (p=0.0396). There are also significant gender-specific differences in side effects induced by stimulation tests. In conclusion, we recommend performing Ca CT stimulation test when needed, considering preventive evaluation of some clinical, instrumental, and biochemical aspects of each patient. Precise instructions should be followed before a stimulation test and furthermore continuous cardiac monitoring is essential during and after the test to minimize the possibility of a serious event.

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Neutralizing Antibodies Titers and Side Effects in Response to BNT162b2 Vaccine in Healthcare Workers with and without Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9070742 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 742

Author(s):

José Javier Morales-Núñez ◽

José Francisco Muñoz-Valle ◽

Carlos Meza-López ◽

Lin-Fa Wang ◽

Andrea Carolina Machado Sulbarán ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Dose ◽

Side Effects ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Antibody Production ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Vaccination Program ◽

Expected Result ◽

Neutralizing Capacity ◽

The Usa

The main expected result of a vaccine against viruses is the ability to produce neutralizing antibodies. Currently, several vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are being applied to prevent mortal complications, being Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) one of the first to be authorized in the USA and Mexico (11 December 2020). This study evaluated the efficacy of this vaccine on antibody production with neutralizing capacity and its side effects in healthcare workers with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and in a group of unvaccinated individuals with prior COVID-19. The main findings are the production of 100% neutralizing antibodies in both groups after the second dose, well-tolerated adverse effects, the possible presence of immunosenescence, and finally, we support that a single dose of this vaccine in individuals with prior COVID-19 would be sufficient to achieve an immunization comparable to people without prior COVID-19 with a complete vaccination program (2 doses).

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Short-term adverse effects of testosterone used for priming in prepubertal boys before growth hormone stimulation test

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2017-0280 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 21-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Andrea Albrecht ◽

Theresa Penger ◽

Michaela Marx ◽

Karin Hirsch ◽

Helmuth G. Dörr

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Side Effects ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Side Effect ◽

Serum Testosterone ◽

Low Flow ◽

Effect Rate ◽

Testosterone Levels ◽

Testicular Pain ◽

Prepubertal Boys

AbstractBackground:Despite the fact that priming with sex steroids in prepubertal children before growth hormone (GH) provocative tests is recommended, there is an ongoing controversial discussion about the appropriate age of the children, the drug used for priming, the dose and the period between priming and the GH test. Interestingly, there is no discussion on the safety of this procedure. To date, only little data have been available on the possible side effects of priming with testosterone.Methods:We analyzed the outcome in 188 short-statured prepubertal boys who had been primed with testosterone enanthate (n=136: 50 mg; n=51: 125 mg, and accidentally one boy with 250 mg) 7 days prior to the GH test. Serum testosterone levels were measured on the day of the GH test in 99 boys.Results:Overall, only five boys developed adverse side effects. Two boys (dose 125 mg) showed severe low-flow priapism and had to undergo decompression of the corpora cavernosa. One boy suffered from self-limiting priapism and testicular pain (dose 50 mg). Two patients reported testicular pain (each dose 50 mg). The single patient with 250 mg testosterone did not show any adverse effects. The total side effect rate was 2.7%. The serum testosterone levels of the boys with side effects were not different from the testosterone levels of the boys without any side effects.Conclusions:Parents and patients should be informed about the possible side effects of priming with testosterone such as priapism and testicular pain. However, the overall side effect rate is low. We found no correlation between the outcome and the testosterone dose used and/or the level of serum testosterone.

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