scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV Infection in Healthcare Workers

ANKEM Dergisi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed BEKÇİBAŞI ◽  
Ali ÜZEL
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Hepatitis A

Article Commentary: Occupational Risks of Blood Exposure in the Operating Room

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 637-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bloodborne Pathogens ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Occupational Infection

Bloodborne pathogens continue to be a source of occupational infection for healthcare workers, but particularly for surgeons. Over 1 per cent of the U.S. population has one or more chronic viral infections. Hepatitis B is the infection that has the longest known role as an occupational pathogen, but infection with this virus is largely preventable with the use of the effective hepatitis B vaccine. Hepatitis C affects the largest number of people in the United States, and there is no vaccine available for the prevention of this infection. HIV infection still has not been associated with a documented transmission in the operating room environment, but six cases of probable occupational transmission have been reported. A total of 57 healthcare workers have had documented occupational infection since the epidemic of HIV infection began. Infection of blood-borne pathogens to patients from infected surgeons remains a concern. Surgeons who are e-antigen-positive for hepatitis B have been well documented to be an infection risk to patients in the operating room. Only four surgeons have been documented to transmit hepatitis C, although other transmissions have occurred in the care of patients when practices of infection control have been violated. No surgical transmission of HIV to a patient has been identified at this time. Prevention of occupational infection requires use of protective barriers, avoidance of exposure risk by modification of techniques, and a constant awareness of sharp instruments in the operating room. Blood exposure in the operating room carries risk of infection and should be avoided. It is likely that other infectious agents will emerge as operating room threats. Surgeons must maintain vigilance in avoiding blood exposure and percutaneous injury.

scholarly journals Changing Trends in Viral Hepatitis-Associated Hospitalizations in the American Indian/Alaska Native Population, 1995–2007

2011 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy K. Byrd ◽  
John T. Redd ◽  
Robert C. Holman ◽  
Dana L. Haberling ◽  
James E. Cheek
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Significant Change

Objective. We described the changing epidemiology of viral hepatitis among the American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) population that uses Indian Health Service (IHS) health care. Methods. We used hospital discharge data from the IHS National Patient Information Reporting System to determine rates of hepatitis A-, B-, and C-associated hospitalization among AI/ANs using IHS health care from 1995–2007 and summary periods 1995–1997 and 2005–2007. Results. Hepatitis A-associated hospitalization rates among AI/AN people decreased from 4.9 per 100,000 population during 1995–1997 to 0.8 per 100,000 population during 2005–2007 (risk ratio [RR] = 0.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1, 0.2). While there was no significant change in the overall hepatitis B-associated hospitalization rate between time periods, the average annual rate in people aged 45–64 years increased by 109% (RR=2.1, 95% CI 1.4, 3.2). Between the two time periods, the hepatitis C-associated hospitalization rate rose from 13.0 to 55.0 per 100,000 population (RR=4.2, 95% CI 3.8, 4.7), an increase of 323%. The hepatitis C-associated hospitalization rate was highest among people aged 45–64 years, males, and those in the Alaska region. Conclusions. Hepatitis A has decreased to near-eradication levels among the AI/AN population using IHS health care. Hepatitis C-associated hospitalizations increased significantly; however, there was no significant change in hepatitis B-associated hospitalizations. Emphasis should be placed on continued universal childhood and adolescent hepatitis B vaccination and improved vaccination of high-risk adults. Prevention and education efforts should focus on decreasing hepatitis C risk behaviors and identifying people with hepatitis C infection so they may be referred for treatment.

scholarly journals Hepatitis viral en la gestación

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Pío Iván Gómez Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Hepatitis Delta

La primera causa de ictericia en el embarazo es la hepatitis viral que puede ser causada por lo menos por cinco virus (A, B, C, D y E). El descubrimiento del virus de la hepatitis C y Delta prácticamente eliminó las antes denominadas Hepatitis No A No B y aún existe la posibilidad de descubrir nuevos virus.En este artículo se presenta un caso clínico de hepatitis B y se revisa etiología, diagnóstico, profilaxis y tratamiento de las diferentes hepatitis virales, haciendo énfasis en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y profilaxis del hijo de madre con hepatitis B, por la morbimortalidad que representa. Se revisa la hepatitis Delta, importante en Colombia, por tener zonas endémicas de este virus que requiere la infección previa o simultánea de hepatitis B. Por último se revisa la hepatitis E, de características similares a la hepatitis A, pero que afecta preferencialmente a la mujer gestante y en ella tiene mayor índice de morbimortalidad.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B and C Viral Infection in B-Thalassemic Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3733-3737
Author(s):  
Mokhles Mahdi Abolewaikh Almayyahi ◽  
Flayyih Hassan Shnawa Al-Hameedawi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Liver Functions

The main objective of this study is to show how both hepatitis B and C Viral Infection in B-Thalassemic patients occurs and a study of their liver functions. To define the occurrence of either hepatitis A or B and C viral infection across the B-Thalassemia key clients/patients in Thalassemia Center of AL-Diwanyia Maternity and Children hospital from 1st. Jan. –  1st.Nov.2017. To carry out the study, it enlisted 54 patients; 31 patients were male (57.4%) in which the male to the female ratio was 01.4:01. Results for this study revealed that 2 patients had Hepatitis B (3.7%), and 6 patients had Hepatitis C (11.1%). The Liver enzymes were significantly more in those patients having either Hepatitis B or C viral infection. According to this study, it was revealed that the occurrence of HBsAg seropositive in B-thalassemic patients was 307%, and Anti-HCV seropositive were 11.1%, and the rate is lower than reported in many countries. The occurrence of Anti-HCV seropositive is higher than that for HBsAg seropositive. Also, the probability of having liver injury was high for thalassemic patients whom were HBsAg positive & Anti-HCV positive than that of seronegative for HBsAg & Anti- HCV.

PERANCANGAN SISTEM PENDIAGNOSA PENYAKIT HEPATITIS DENGAN METODE CASE BASED REASONING (CBR)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darsin Darsin ◽  
Mira Febriana Sesunan
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
Virus Hepatitis ◽  
Case Based

Penyakit Hepatitis adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh beberapa jenis virus yang menyerang dan menyebabkan peradangan serta merusak sel-sel organ hati manusia. Hepatitis dikategorikan dalam beberapa golongan, diantaranya hepatitis A, B, C, D dan E. Hepatitis dibagi menjadi 2 yaitu hepatitis akut yang  berlangsung kurang dari 6 bulan ditularkan melalui fecal oral lewat makanan dan hepatitis kronis yang berlangsung lebih dari 6 bulan ditularkan lewat cairan parenrral, seksual, plasenta. Hepatitis akut terdiri dari virus hepatitis A dan virus hepatitis E, sedangkan hepatitis kronis terdiri dari virus hepatitis B dan virus hepatitis C. Di Indonesia penyakit Hepatitis yang paling banyak di derita adalah hepatitis A, B dan hepatitis C. Sedangkan mengidentifikasi serangan penyakit pemyakit hepatitis, dapat dilakukan dengan cara melihat fisik secara langsung pada setiap bagian tubuh, baik kulit, mata, air seni. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan identifikasi penyakit hepatitis A, B, C, D, E. Sistem penalaran komputer berbasis kasus case based reasoning (CBR) merupakan sistem yang bertujuan untuk menyelesaikan suatu kasus baru dengan cara mengadaptasi solusi-solusi yang terdapat kasus-kasus sebelumnya yang mirip dengan kasus baru tersebut.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Bloodborne Exposure and Infection in Correctional Healthcare Workers

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn R. M. Gershon ◽  
Martin Sherman ◽  
Clifford Mitchell ◽  
David Vlahov ◽  
Melissa J. Erwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽  
Job Duties ◽  
Correctional Healthcare

Objective.To determine the prevalence and risk factors for bloodborne exposure and infection in correctional healthcare workers (CHCWs).Design.Cross-sectional risk assessment study with a confidential questionnaire and serological testing performed during 1999-2000.Setting.Correctional systems in 3 states.Results.Among 310 participating CHCWs, the rate of percutaneous injury (PI) was 32 Pis per 100 person-years overall and 42 Pis per 100 person-years for CHCWs with clinical job duties. Underreporting was common, with only 25 (49%) of 51 Pis formally reported to the administration. Independent risk factors for experiencing PI included being age 45 or older (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.41 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.31-4.46]) and having job duties that involved needle contact (aOR, 3.70 [95% CI, 1.28-10.63]) or blood contact (aOR, 5.05 [95% CI, 1.45-17.54]). Overall, 222 CHCWs (72%) reported having received a primary hepatitis В vaccination series; of these, 150 (68%) tested positive for anti-hepatitis B surface antigen, with negative results significantly associated with receipt of last dose more than 5 years previously. Serologic markers of hepatitis В virus infection were identified in 31 individuals (10%), and the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection was 2% (n = 7). The high hepatitis B vaccination rate limited the ability to identify risk factors for infection, but hepatitis C virus infection correlated with community risk factors only.Conclusion.Although the wide coverage with hepatitis B vaccination and the decreasing rate of hepatitis C virus infection in the general population are encouraging, the high rate of exposure in CHCWs and the lack of exposure documentation are concerns. Continued efforts to develop interventions to reduce exposures and encourage reporting should be implemented and evaluated in correctional healthcare settings. These interventions should address infection control barriers unique to the correctional setting.

scholarly journals Biochemical Parameters in Common Viral Hepatitis

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Ashraf-Uz-Zaman ◽  
Bilquis Ara Begum ◽  
Humaira Binte Asad ◽  
Shafia Sharmin Moutoshi ◽  
Md Nasiruddin
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Serum Bilirubin Level ◽  
Hepatitis D

Viral hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver caused by hepatitis viruses. The most common causes of viral hepatitis are the five unrelated hepatotropic viruses Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, and Hepatitis E. The aim of this study is to assess the biochemical parameters in viral hepatitis which varies with respect to the different types of viral hepatitis. Sex of the patient affected by Hepatitis A was almost similar in male and female, being 9 (45%) and 11 (55%) in respectively. But in contrast, more than eighty per cent (85%) Hepatitis-E affected population was male. Similar scenario was found in Hepatitis B And C infection (Male- 75%,67%, Female 25,35%). Mean value with standard deviation (±SD) of serum bilirubin level was highest in Hepatitis E (251 ± 125.19 ìmol/l). Value of serum ALT in hepatitis E was found to be 1794 U/l (highest), hepatitis B 1362 U/l hepatitis C are 135.45 U/L,. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (S.AST) is also raised in all types of vira hepatitis but more in Hepatitis E (765 U/l) and Hepatitis B (430 U/l). Serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) was raised significantly in Hepatitis B (240 U/l). The prothombin time was more altered in Hepatitis-E (22.7seconds) and Hepatitis-B (18.5 seconds). There was no significant alteration in serum protein level. So, it can be concluded that derangement of biochemical parameters in patients suffering from common types of viral hepatitis is more in HEV and HBV and comparatively less in HAV and HCV. Keywords: Viral hepatitis, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, hepatitis E DOI:10.3329/jom.v11i1.4268 J Medicine 2010: 11: 42-45

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