scholarly journals ROLE OF EDUCATION IN WOMEN EMPOWERMENT: A CASE OF RURAL PUNJAB, PAKISTA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manan Aslam, Muhammad Aslam, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Impact

The study investigated the impact of major factors influencing the women education in district Faisalabad. The multi-stage sampling technique was used to collect the data. The Faisalabad district was selected for this purpose. The tehsils of Faisalabad district were Faisalabad, ChakJhumra, Jaranwala, Summandri and Tandianwala. The data was collected in three phases. In first phase tehsil Faisalabad was selected and in second phase the tehsil Faisalabad was categorized into three segments based on the income distribution, the first segment represented the low-income class of the society and the second category represents the middle-class areas and the later represents the higher income group families. While in the third phase, the two areas from each class were selected for data collection using random sampling technique. The 40 respondents were selected from each class i.e. lower income, middle income and higher income. The total sample size was consisted of 120 respondents. The comprehensive questionnaire carried the information including social and economic conditions of the household was designed data collection. The data was analyzed using statistical packages for social sciences SPSS. The study inferred that the women education was influenced by the rising poverty, family income and social barriers. Finally, the study recommended that government should take steps in reducing poverty by establishing departments that raises the employment rate for women so that peoples don’t neglect the major portion of social capital the females.   

scholarly journals Nonlinear Dynamics in the Finance-Inequality Nexus in China-CHNS Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Masudur Rahman ◽  
Guan Fuquan ◽  
Laila Arjuman Ara
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Income Group ◽  
High Income Group ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Quantile Regression Model ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

This paper empirically investigates the effects of financial development on incomes of Chinese residents particularly within various income groups using data from six provinces by applying the Quantile Regression model. The Greenwood and Jovanovich hypothesis that illustrates the inverted U shaped relationship between financial development and income inequality is tested. This empirical study demonstrates that financial development has a positive but non-linear effect on the annual income of individuals from various income groups at different quantiles. The effect is an inverted U or Kuznets effect indicating an increase at first and then a drop. As for the distribution of the impact on various income groups, the low-income group is under the most dominant influence followed by the high-income group with the middle-income groups receiving relatively smaller influence. Findings indicate that promoting balanced financial development would help to ease the income gap between Chinese residents.

scholarly journals Prevalence of substance use in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Md Faruq Alam ◽  
Mekhala Sarkar ◽  
Mohammad Tariqul Alam ◽  
Helal Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Avra Das Bhowmik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income

The prevalence of substance use is on rising trend in the country. This two-stage nationwide multicentric community based cross sectional study was conducted by National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Dhaka during the period of September 2017 to July 2018 to determine the prevalence of substance use as well as to identify the proportion of users used different substances and to find out socio-demographic correlates of substance use in Bangladesh. The sample were collected by cluster sampling technique. In the first stage data were collected from 19692 respondents aged between 7 years and above in 140 clusters through face-to-face interview using semi-structured questionnaires to collect information by trained data collector. Diagnoses of substance use were made in the second stage of interview by research psychiatrists following DSM-5 diagnostic criteria of mental disorders. Descriptive and inferential statistics of the collected data was done using standard statistical parameters. SPSS programme (Version 23) was used to summarize and to analyze the data. The results showed that, the prevalence of substance use was found as 3.3% among the population 18 years and above. Prevalence of substance use was 4.8% in male and 0.6% in female. Most frequently used substances include cannabis in (42.7%), alcohol in 27.5%, amphetamine (yaba) in 15.2%, opioid in 5.3% and sleeping pills in 3.4% users. Among professions of substance users 6.7% were labors, 5.7% unemployed, 4.3% business men, 3.8% farmers and 3.5% service holders. Extremes of social classes were found as increased users of substances such as people with low income 3.2% and people with high income 3.8% using as against 2.6% in middle income group. The data of this community survey will be used for planning of mental health services in Bangladesh. Bang J Psychiatry June 2018; 32(1): 1-8

scholarly journals Social Values and Prostitution in Awka South Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nneka P. Oli
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Impact

In every society, there are certain cultural values and value systems that guide every aspect of human behaviour. In Nigeria, our value system is in the process of decaying. This may be attributed to alien values of colonialism, imperialism and neo-colonialism. Prostitution which is regarded as a crime against morality, societal standard of right conduct and decency may be traced to western influence and decline in social values. This paper investigated the impact of declining social values on prostitution among females in Awka South LGA in Anambra State. The study adopted strain theory as its theoretical framework. The target population for the study comprises people who are 18 years and above. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted in selecting 200 respondents for the study. Quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection were used in this study. In view of this, questionnaire and in-depth interviews were the instruments of data collection used in the study. The findings indicate that decline in social values, poverty, and unemployment are major factors influencing prostitution. Therefore, the study recommends that all agents of socialization should ensure that our social values are maintained by inculcating these values in our youth. Also, efforts should be made to alleviate poverty and unemployment in our society which also tend to drive prostitution.

scholarly journals International Environmental Efficiency Trends and the Impact of the Paris Agreement

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4503
Author(s):  
Wen-Chi Yang ◽  
Wen-Min Lu ◽  
Alagu Perumal Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
High Income ◽  
Environmental Efficiency ◽  
High Income Group ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
The Impact

This study estimates the environmental efficiency of 150 economies during the period of 2010–2017 to understand the environmental efficiency trend worldwide. This research adopts the meta-Malmquist approach to compare and capture the dynamic change in environmental efficiency among different income groups. The empirical results indicate that among the four income groups, only the low-income group suffers from regression in terms of environmental efficiency, while the high-income group achieves the greatest progress. For the high-income group, the source of improvement originates from the frontier shift rather than from efficiency change. By contrast, the improvement of the lower-income groups results from the catching-up effect. With regard to the effect of the Paris Agreement, only the lower middle-income group exhibits a statistical difference between the two periods, and environmental efficiency increases after the adoption of the Paris Agreement. The fight against global warming cannot succeed by relying only on specific countries. The whole world must cooperate and improve together, and thus, additional help must be devoted to the low-income group. The statistical results support that differences exist in terms of environmental efficiency among the four income groups. In particular, the low-income group is deteriorating.

China's outward foreign direct investment and bilateral export sophistication: a cross countries panel data analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faheem Ur Rehman ◽  
Abul Ala Noman
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Outward Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

PurposeChina's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) has risen remarkably over the past two decades. Does such increase affect the sophistication of Chinese exports, is a significant issue that has surprisingly remained unaddressed? The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of Chinese OFDI on bilateral export sophistication of China and its OFDI receiving partner countries during 2003–2017 by applying Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood approach based on gravity model.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis has been performed for total sample, region-wise grouped sample (Europe and Central Asia, Middle East and North Africa, Latin America and Caribbean, East Asia and Pacific, South Asia, North America and sub-Saharan Africa) and income-wise grouped sample (high income, upper middle income, lower middle income and lower income group sample).FindingsThe results confirmed the significant and positive effect of Chinese OFDI on bilateral export sophistication in total sample, regions-wise and income groups sample.Originality/valueThe study provides a helpful suggestion regarding policy towards achieving more sophistication in export and thus to achieve comparative advantage in trade.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Asian Crisis on Governance: Does OECD Membership or Income Levels Matter?

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-130
Author(s):  
Halil Dincer Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
High Income ◽  
Asian Crisis ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe examine the impact of the 1997 Asian Crisis on governance. We look into how the crisis affected High-Income OECD, High-Income Non-OECD, Upper-middle Income, Lower- Middle Income, and Low Income Countries. For measures of governance, we use the World Bank’s Governance Indicators dataset which includes six measures of governance. We find that pre- and post-crisis, the ranking of each income group has not changed except for year 2004 when the High-Income Non-OECD Countries surpassed the High-Income OECD Countries in “Political Stability and Absence of Violence” category. In other words, our results show that, other than that exception in 2004, both pre- and post-crisis, the High-Income OECD Countries had the best governance measures, the High-Income Non-OECD Countries had the second best measures, and so on, in the order shown above. One point to note here: The High-Income Non- OECD Countries performed much better than the other groups after year 1998. After 1998, this group improved in all six dimensions of governance. We conclude that although crises affect all income groups, because of certain characteristics of the High-Income Non-OECD group, they tend to better react to crises.

scholarly journals Negative childhood experiences and health inequalities among adults over 45: Evidence from China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwei Liu ◽  
Li Diao ◽  
Ling Xu
Keyword(s):  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
High Income Group ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Growing health inequalities have become an important challenge for Chinese society. This study analyses the impact of negative childhood experiences on health among Chinese adults over 45.Methods This study utilized data from the 2014 Life Course Survey under the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, with a total sample of 5,842 adults over the age of 45. This paper used a linear regression model to analyse the factors affecting the self-rated health of respondents. The concentration index was then used to measure the degree of health inequality, and finally, we decomposed the concentration index.Results The regression results showed that negative childhood experiences had a significant negative impact on the health of adults over 45 (β = -0.021, p < .000). The concentration index decomposition found that negative childhood experiences was associated with more health inequalities. The elasticity coefficient for negative childhood experiences was -0.119, the concentration index of negative childhood experiences was -0.019, and the contribution to health inequalities was 12.86%. The mechanism test and analysis found that negative childhood experiences have a greater negative impact on the health of the low-income group than on that of the high-income group. In fact, negative childhood experiences have reduced the socioeconomic status of respondents, leading to a decline in healthcare utilization, which has increased health inequalities in China.Conclusion This study found that negative childhood experiences was associated with health inequalities among adults over 45 in China. To improve the health of residents and to reduce health inequalities, more help and health interventions should be offered to groups with negative childhood experiences.

Rising Family Income Inequality: The Importance of Sorting

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbie Reed ◽  
Maria Cancian
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Impact

The distribution of family income reflects the distribution of personal income and the composition of families. We develop a non-parametric measure of the impact that changes in family income relationships have on the distribution of family income. Using data from Annual Social and Economic Supplement (the March files) of the Current Population Survey (CPS) (1968-2003), we find that changes in "income sorting" account for more than half of the increase in family income inequality in the United States over the last three decades. Furthermore, income sorting accounts for an even larger share of the growing gap between middle-income and low-income families. Our results demonstrate that understanding inequality of economic well-being requires going beyond labor earnings and other income sources to examine the composition and work behavior of families.

THE IMPACT OF COMPETENCY ENTREPRENEURSHIP ON MICRO, SMALL, MEDIUM ENTERPRISES PERFORMANCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Elsa Nanda Utami ◽  
Hendrati Dwi Mulyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Mentoring Program ◽  
Financial Term ◽  
Simple Regression Analysis ◽  
Small Medium Enterprises ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Necessity Entrepreneur

This reasearch is conducted on MSME (Micro Small Medium Enterprises) that are participated in the MSME Syari’ah Mentoring Program by Academition and Practitioners (PUSPA) organized by Bank Indonesia in Bandung. MSME who participated in PUSPA program 2016 is MSME that included in necessity entrepreneur where MSME operated just to fullfil the life necessities. This program aims to improve the competence of entrepreneurship owned by MSME in term of knowledge, attitudes, and skills. Increased in the entrepreneurial comptence will have an impact on MSME perfomance both on financial term by the increase in income and non-financial term namely by the increased of the knowledge and skills like simple accounting, managing the production process, how to market the product, and know the procedures for obtaining the venture capital. The purpose of this reasearch was to investigate the influence of the entrepreneurial competence on the MSME performance in PUSPA program 2016.Researcher used quantitative research method. This research use sampling technique on non-probability sampling that is saturated sampling because the members of population less than 30 people and the entire population is a sample. Total sample in this research is 20 respondents. Data collecting in this research is done by distributing questionarries to all respondents that is MSME that pariticaped in PUSPA program 2016. Data were analyzed using simple regression analysis and descriptive-causal analysis.The result showed that entrepreneurial competenec affect the performance of MSME that participated in PUSPA Program 2016. Based on the calculation, coefficent of determination (R2) can be seen the influence of entrepreneurial compentence variable (X) on the performance (Y) is 61.7%. While the remaining 38.3 is influenced by other factors such as mentoring, motivation, and human resources.

MOTIVASI KERJA PERAWAT DI RUANG RAWAT INAP RSUD MAJALAYA KABUPATEN BANDUNG

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andria Pragholapati
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
High Work

Work motivation is an influential condition for arousing, directing, and maintaining behavior related to the work environment including nurse work motivation. The purpose of this study was to edit the Nurses' Work Motivation in the Inpatient Room of Majalaya Regional Hospital. This type of research uses analytic survey methods. The sampling method uses a total sampling technique with a total sample of 55 nurses in 6 inpatients. Data collection techniques using a work motivation questionnaire. The analysis used is univariate. The results of the study 28 people (50.9%) have high work motivation. The conclusion of the results of this study some nurses have work motivation of nurses in the inpatient room of Majalaya Regional Hospital. Based on the results of the study are expected to require motivation support to increase work motivation of nurses.

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