scholarly journals MEASURING THE ABSOLUTE LITERACY: TO CONTEXTUALIZE WITH OFFICIAL CLAIMS OF LITERACY RATE IN DISTRICT BAHAWALPUR

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tahir Nadeem, Irshad Hussain, Nosheen Malik
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
The Absolute

The goal of the study was to provide documented evidence of the absolute tested literacy and to detect the gap, if any, between tested and reported literacy rates in Bahawalpur District. Two types of research instruments were used to collect the data. One of the tools was a survey sheet to obtain demographic and other details of the respondents. The second tool was a test to measure the literacy rate. All the age groups between 10-50 years were the population of the study. A total number of 194 persons joined the test willingly, out of 589 people who reported as literate population. After the application of the test, the obtained data was inserted into two separate sheets with code numbers. The coded data analyzed and average and percentages were ascertained. It was concluded that a gap is visible in the two data sets; reported literacy and assessed literacy

Hematologic and serum biochemistry reference intervals using defined ASCVP methodology for laboratory natal multimammate mice (Mastomys natalensis)

2021 ◽  
pp. 002367722110185
Author(s):  
Brian J Smith ◽  
Patrick W Hanley ◽  
Ousmane Maiga ◽  
Maarit N Culbert ◽  
Marissa J Woods ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Mastomys Natalensis ◽  
Complete Blood Counts ◽  
Multimammate Mice ◽  
Female Laboratory

Complete blood count, serum chemistry values, and biological reference intervals were compared between two age groups (34–49 and 84–120 days old) of healthy male and female laboratory raised natal multimammate mice ( Mastomys natalensis). Blood was collected via cardiocentesis under isoflurane anesthesia. Data sets of machine automated complete blood counts and clinical chemistries were analyzed. Significant differences between sex and age groups of the data sets were defined. The baseline hematologic and serum biochemistry values described here can improve interpretation of laboratory research using natal multimammate mice.

scholarly journals Trends in the prevalence of anaemia in Japanese adult women, 1989–2003

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumi Hayashi ◽  
Nobuo Yoshiike ◽  
Katsushi Yoshita ◽  
Kazuo Kawahara
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Japanese Adult ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Trend Data ◽  
National Trends

AbstractObjectiveThere is an increasing concern of anaemia in Japanese women, but no national trend data has existed to date. We analysed long-term national trends of anaemia in adult women.DesignSecondary analyses of 15 consecutive cross-sectional nationwide surveys conducted during the period 1989–2003. Analyses were based on 5-year intervals (1989–1993, 1994–1998, 1999–2003).SettingJapan.SubjectsThe subjects included the National Health and Nutrition Survey of Japan (NHNS-J) population. Analyses were based on 50 967 non-pregnant/non-lactating women aged 20 years and over, with complete data sets. We stratified subjects into six age groups (20–29 years, 30–39 years, 40–49 years, 50–59 years, 60–69 years and 70+ years), and three age groups (20–49 years, 50–69 years, 70+ years) for analyses on residential areas (metropolitan, cities and towns).ResultsDecreases in trends of mean haemoglobin values (intravenous) were significant in all age groups. Changes in the prevalence of anaemia were significant only in women aged 30–39 and 40–49 years. Anaemia (haemoglobin < 12.0 g dl−1) increased from 16.8% to 20.6% in women aged 30–39 years, and from 20.2% to 26.9% in women aged 40–49 years, respectively. Prevalence was highest in women aged 70 years and older in all times, but no significant change was observed.ConclusionsHaemoglobin values have declined significantly in all ages in the last 15 years. Anaemia was especially significant in women aged 30–39 years and 40–49 years. Our findings suggest that a large number of young women in Japan are at risk of anaemia, so continuous monitoring and controlling efforts of this trend are needed.

scholarly journals Exploratory analyses of migration timing and morphometrics of the Thrush Nightingale (Luscinia luscinia)

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-170
Author(s):  
Tibor Csörgő ◽  
Péter Fehérvári ◽  
Zsolt Karcza ◽  
Péter Ócsai ◽  
Andrea Harnos
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Migration Timing ◽  
Annual Means ◽  
Thrush Nightingale

Abstract Ornithological studies often rely on long-term bird ringing data sets as sources of information. However, basic descriptive statistics of raw data are rarely provided. In order to fill this gap, here we present the seventh item of a series of exploratory analyses of migration timing and body size measurements of the most frequent Passerine species at a ringing station located in Central Hungary (1984–2017). First, we give a concise description of foreign ring recoveries of the Thrush Nightingale in relation to Hungary. We then shift focus to data of 1138 ringed and 547 recaptured individuals with 1557 recaptures (several years recaptures in 76 individuals) derived from the ringing station, where birds have been trapped, handled and ringed with standardized methodology since 1984. Timing is described through annual and daily capture and recapture frequencies and their descriptive statistics. We show annual mean arrival dates within the study period and present the cumulative distributions of first captures with stopover durations. We present the distributions of wing, third primary, tail length and body mass, and the annual means of these variables. Furthermore, we show the distributions of individual fat and muscle scores, and the distributions of body mass within each fat score category. We present data only for the autumn migratory period since there were only 27 spring captures in the study period. We distinguish the age groups (i.e. juveniles and adults) in the analyses. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the analysed variables. However, we do not aim to interpret the obtained results, merely to draw attention to interesting patterns that may be worth exploring in detail. Data used here are available upon request for further analyses.

Temporal trend and regional disparity in osteoarthritis hospitalisations in Sweden 1998–2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliasghar A Kiadaliri ◽  
Giulia Rinaldi ◽  
L Stefan Lohmander ◽  
Ingemar F Petersson ◽  
Martin Englund
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
The Absolute

Aim: This study investigated time trend and regional disparities in hospitalisations due to osteoarthritis (OA) among people aged ≥20 years in Sweden from 1998 through 2015. Methods: National and regional data on hospital admissions with a primary diagnosis of OA were collected from the National Patient Register. The absolute and relative regional disparities were assessed using the absolute weighted mean difference from overall mean and the index of disparity. We applied joinpoint regression for temporal trend analysis of hospitalisations and the Mann–Kendall trend test for disparity measures. Changes in number of OA hospitalisations between 1998–2000 and 2013–2015 were analysed using two counterfactual scenarios. Results: During 1998–2015, OA hospitalisations constituted 2.0% of all hospitalisations, with higher proportions among women (58.7%) and those aged 70–74 years (18.0%). The age-standardised rate of OA hospitalisation and its proportions from all and musculoskeletal disorders hospitalisations rose, on average, by >2.0% per year during the study period. OA hospitalisation rates rose statistically significantly in all age groups except for the youngest and oldest age groups. The proportion of hip OA from all OA hospitalisations declined, while the opposite was observed for knee OA. The relative regional disparities declined in men, and the absolute regional disparities rose among women over time. The population growth and ageing could explain only about one third of the observed increases in the absolute number of OA hospitalisations between 1998–2000 and 2013–2015. Conclusions: OA hospitalisations have increased substantially, suggesting the need to improve OA prevention and primary-care management in Sweden.

Article

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Einar Ødegård ◽  
Anne Line Bretteville-Jensen ◽  
Astrid Skretting
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Heroin Abuse ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Heroin Abusers ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
Questionnaire Studies

Einar Ødegård & Anne Line Bretteville-Jensen & Astrid Skretting: The development of drug abuse in Norway in the 1990s This article aims to shed light on the development of drug abuse in Norway during the 1990s. The data come from various different sources, including questionnaire studies as well as other data sets describing the extent of drug abuse in the country. There has been a marked increase in drug abuse during the 1990s. Data from annual youth surveys in 1990 to 1995 indicate that between 8 and 10 per cent of youths aged 15–20 had ever used cannabis, whereas the figure during the latter half of the decade was substantially higher at 18–19 per cent. Surveys in the whole population also point at an increase from 1991 through to 1999: in 1991 the proportion indicating they had ever used cannabis was 8.2%, by 1999 the figure had risen to 12.5%. Furthermore, a simple cohort analysis clearly indicates that large numbers are continuing to use cannabis: the figures are also rising in older age groups. With the growing prevalence of cannabis use in younger age groups we may therefore expect to see increasing numbers of regular and frequent cannabis users in the whole population as well. Drug seizures by the police and customs have increased sharply during the latter half of the 1990s: this applies not only to amphetamine and ecstasy but also cocaine and LSD. This is supported by the results of annual questionnaire surveys among youths, who are reporting a marked increase in the use of these types of drugs. In the early 1990s around 1% of youths in the age group 15–20 said they had ever used amphetamine. This figure remained more or less unchanged through to the mid-1990s. However by the end of the decade around 4% said they had used amphetamine. The data from youth surveys furthermore indicate that there is considerable overlap in the use of amphetamine and ecstasy. In this material the sharpest increase is recorded in the proportion of those indicating they have used both amphetamine and ecstasy. There are several indicators which describe the extent of heroin abuse. All these indicators show that there has been a sharp increase in heroin abuse during the 1990s. A simple mortality analysis suggests that the number of heroin abusers has doubled over the past decade. Drug abuse has also spread markedly both in relation to age groups and geographically: today the problem is by no means limited to any specific age group, nor just to a few major cities.

The use of Mo Kα radiation in the assignment of the absolute configuration of light-atom molecules; the importance of high-resolution data

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo C. Escudero-Adán ◽  
Jordi Benet-Buchholz ◽  
Pablo Ballester
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Structure Determination ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Light Atom ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Absolute Structure

Recent studies have confirmed the usefulness of the Hooft and Parsons methodologies for determination of the absolute crystal structures of enantiopure light-atom compounds using CuKα radiation. While many single-crystal diffractometers used for small-molecule structure determination are equipped with molybdenum anodes, use of data from such instruments for the absolute structure determination of light-atom crystal structures is rarely documented and has often been found to be unsuccessful. The Hooft and Parsons methodologies have been applied to 44 data sets obtained from single crystals containing light-atom molecules of known chirality using Mo Kαradiation. Several factors influencing the calculation of accurate and precise values for the Hooft and Parsons parameters obtained from these data sets have been identified, the inclusion of high-resolution diffraction data being particularly important. The correct absolute structure was obtained in all cases, with the standard uncertainties of the final absolute structure parameters below 0.1 for the great majority.

scholarly journals Recent trends in HIV prevalence in a remote setting of southern India: Insights into arranging HIV control policies

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 838-843
Author(s):  
Ramalingam Sekar ◽  
Murugesan Amudhan ◽  
Moorthy Sivashankar ◽  
Manoharan Mythreyee
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Integrated Counseling

Introduction: Constant vigilance of the dynamics of HIV prevalence is important in estimating, regulating, and implementing prevention programs. The objective of this study was to investigate the trend in the prevalence of HIV infection over six years among specific demographic groups in the remote district of southern India. Methodology: All high-risk attendees of the Integrated Counseling and Testing Centre, Government Theni Medical College between April 2005 and December 2010 were included in this study. Characteristics including age, sex, place of residence, literacy, and HIV sero-status were collected as per the guidelines of the National AIDS Control Organization. Results: A total of 50,043 data sets were analyzed; 3,282 (6.6%) tested positive for HIV infection. The prevalence of HIV infection among the ≤ 25 age group was significantly lower as compared to the elderly (4.4% vs. 6.9%; odds ratio 0.62; 95% confidence interval 0.55–0.71; p < 0.01). There was a decline in HIV prevalence among both age groups (Ptrend < 0.01 for ≤ 25 year-old; – 82.3% and Ptrend < 0.01 for > 25-year old, – 14.2%), males (Ptrend < 0.01; – 50.9%), the urban population (Ptrend < 0.01; – 45.9%), and illiterates (Ptrend < 0.01; – 68%). The trend of HIV prevalence among females (Ptrend = 0.48; +9.1%), the rural population (Ptrend = 0.95; – 7.1%), and literate population (Ptrend = 0.44; +28%) was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: HIV prevalence is stable in the female population, while it is decreasing in male population, indicating that current interventions must be strengthened to reduce HIV prevalence among females.

scholarly journals Exploratory analyses ofmigration timing andmorphometrics of the European Robin (Erithacus rubecula)

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Harnos ◽  
Nóra Ágh ◽  
Péter Fehérvári ◽  
Zsolt Karcza ◽  
Péter Ócsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
European Robin ◽  
Migration Timing ◽  
Annual Means

Abstract Ornithological studies often rely on long-term bird ringing data sets as sources of information. However, basic descriptive statistics of raw data are rarely provided. In order to fill this gap, here we present the sixth item of a series of exploratory analyses of migration timing and body size measurements of the most frequent passerine species at a ringing station located in Central Hungary (1984–2017). First, we give a concise description of foreign ring recoveries of the European Robin in relation to Hungary. We then shift focus to data of 40,128 ringed and 11,231 recaptured individuals with 24,056 recaptures (several years recaptures in 313 individuals) derived from the ringing station, where birds have been trapped, handled and ringed with standardized methodology since 1984. Timing is described through annual and daily capture and recapture frequencies and their descriptive statistics. We show annual mean arrival dates within the study period and present the cumulative distributions of first captures with stopover durations. We present the distributions of wing, third primary, tail length and body mass, and the annual means of these variables. Furthermore, we show the distributions of individual fat and muscle scores, and the distributions of body mass within each fat score category.We distinguish the spring and autumn migratory periods and age groups (i.e. juveniles and adults). Our aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the analysed variables. However, we do not aim to interpret the obtained results, merely to draw attention to interesting patterns that may be worth exploring in detail. Data used here are available upon request for further analyses.

scholarly journals Exploratory analyses of migration timing and morphometrics of the Common Nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos)

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-140
Author(s):  
Tibor Csörgő ◽  
Péter Fehérvári ◽  
Zsolt Karcza ◽  
Andrea Harnos
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Migration Timing ◽  
The Common ◽  
Annual Means

AbstractOrnithological studies often rely on long-term bird ringing data sets as sources of information. However, basic descriptive statistics of raw data are rarely provided. In order to fill this gap, here we present the fifth item of a series of exploratory analyses of migration timing and body size measurements of the most frequent Passerine species at a ringing station located in Central Hungary (1984–2016). First, we give a concise description of foreign ring recoveries of the Common Nightingale in relation to Hungary. We then shift focus to data of 3892 ringed and 1499 recaptured individuals derived from the ringing station, where birds have been trapped, handled and ringed with standardized methodology since 1984. Timing is described through annual and daily capture and recapture frequencies and their descriptive statistics. We show annual mean arrival dates within the study period and present the cumulative distributions of first captures with stopover durations. We present the distributions of wing, third primary, tail length and body mass, and the annual means of these variables. Furthermore, we show the distributions of individual fat and muscle scores, and the distributions of body mass within each fat score category. We distinguish the spring and autumn migratory periods and breeding season and age groups (i.e. juveniles and adults). Our aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the analysed variables. However, we do not aim to interpret the obtained results, merely to draw attention to interesting patterns that may be worth exploring in detail. Data used here are available upon request for further analyses.

scholarly journals The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epidemic on Dizziness/Vertigo Outpatients in a Neurological Clinic in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changqing Li ◽  
Dongsheng Guo ◽  
Xiangke Ma ◽  
Siwei Liu ◽  
Mingyong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Female Predominance ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic on dizziness/vertigo outpatients in a neurological clinic in China.Methods: Against the background of the COVID-19 epidemic, the data of patients who visited the neurological clinic of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital West Branch during the pandemic (February 1–May 30, 2020) and the corresponding period in 2019 (February 1–May 30, 2019) were analyzed, and patients with dizziness/vertigo from these two periods were compared to discover their demographic features and etiologic distribution according to their age and sex.Result: The absolute number of neurological outpatients decreased from 14,670 in 2019 to 8,763 in 2020 (−40.3%), with a corresponding decline in dizziness/vertigo patients (2019: n = 856; 2020: n = 1,436, −40.4%). Dizziness/vertigo was more common in women than men in these two periods (2019: women = 63.6%; 2020: women = 63.1%, p = 0.82). The overall etiology distribution was different among all disorders between the two periods (p &lt; 0.001). There was an increase in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) (2019 vs. 2020: 30.7 vs. 35%, p &lt; 0.05) and psychogenic/persistent postural perceptual dizziness (PPPD) (2019 vs. 2020: 28.5 vs. 34.6%, p &lt; 0.05) while a decrease in vascular vertigo during the epidemic (2019 vs. 2020: 13 vs. 9.6%, p &lt; 0.05). During the epidemic, the top three causes of dizziness/vertigo were BPPV (35%), psychogenic/PPPD (34.6%), and vascular vertigo (9.6%). A female predominance was observed in BPPV (women = 67.7%, p &lt; 0.05) and psychogenic/PPPD (women = 67.6%, p &lt; 0.05). In addition, the etiology ratio of different age groups was significantly different (p &lt; 0.001). The most common cause for young and young-old patients was BPPV, and the most common cause for middle-aged and old-old patients was psychogenic/PPPD.Conclusion: The absolute number of outpatients with dizziness/vertigo during the COVID-19 pandemic was reduced during the early period of the COVID-19 outbreak. BPPV and psychogenic/PPPD were more abundant, and vascular vertigo was less frequent. Based on those data, health-care management policy for dizziness/vertigo and mental disorder should be developed during the outbreak of COVID-19 and other infective diseases.

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