scholarly journals Formation of the penitentiary System of Soviet Ukraine (first half of the 20th century)

2021 ◽  
pp. 164-172
Author(s):  
Irina Lesi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
The State ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Labor Camps ◽  
Executive System ◽  
Criminal Penalties ◽  
Post War ◽  
Severe Punishment

The process of organizing and becoming a system of execution of criminal penalties in Soviet Ukraine has been investigated since the Education of the Ukrainian SSR until 1930 - the beginning of the 1950s.; marked the main stages of the development of the state; The main regulatory acts of the structural and organizational activities of the penitentiary system are analyzed. In the 1920s. The Soviet penitentiary system was considered as a composite punitive system of the state and an effective means of combating the «class enemy». At the same time, the system of correctional institutions in Ukraine has not yet been considered as a means of severe punishment in the conditions of isolation from society, and it was also interpreted as an integral part of the condemnation system of convicts in social waste. The system of execution of criminal penalties to which correctional labor camps and general places of detention were determined. Independent subsystems were considered prison institutions (ordinary and investigative prisons), as well as labor colonies for minors and children's educational colonies. It has been established that under the conditions of Stalinism, an extensive network of the criminal executive system was a kind of foundation of totalitarian regime, was in an organic relationship with the administrative command system. The state administration of criminal and executive institutions in the post-war years carried out, and based on the principles of strict control of various departments of the NKVD, NKGB, MJ, Ministry of Internal Affairs.

The implementation of the intellectual property rights of the convicts in the institutions and bodies of criminal executive system

2020 ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
Оксана Алексеевна Владимирова
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
Patent Rights ◽  
Human Creativity ◽  
Executive System

Статья посвящена анализу организационно-правовых аспектов реализации прав интеллектуальной собственности лиц, осужденных к лишению свободы. Рассмотрен сложившийся опыт, особое внимание уделяется проблемным вопросам реализации осужденными личных неимущественных и исключительных интеллектуальных прав: связанным с приобретением права интеллектуальной собственности, затруднениям осуществления интеллектуальных прав, вызванным режимными требованиями. Творческая деятельность человека - одно из самых эффективных средств исправления, по мнению автора, поскольку именно она является высшей сознательной деятельностью. Поэтому необходимо поощрять и развивать в исправительных учреждениях данный вид деятельности, всемерно содействовать ее реализации. Предлагается создавать в исправительных учреждениях кроме уже имеющихся ресурсов специальные лаборатории, мастерские и т. п. центры для реализации творческой, в том числе научно-творческой потребности осужденных. При необходимости всячески содействовать осужденным при реализации процедуры получения патента. Кроме того, в рамках правового просвещения осужденных необходимо информировать о возможностях реализации авторского или патентного права в рамках имущественных отношений. This article is devoted to analysis of legal aspects of implementation of intellectual property rights of persons sentenced to deprivation of liberty. Abstract: the experience, a special attention is paid to the problematic issues of implementation of convicted persons of exceptional moral and intellectual rights: associated with the acquisition of intellectual property rights, difficulties in the implementation of intellectual property rights, caused by the regime requirements. Human creativity is one of the most effective means of correction, in the author's opinion, as it is the higher conscious activity. It is therefore necessary to promote and develop in correctional institutions this activity, to contribute fully to its implementation. It is proposed to establish in correctional institutions in addition to the existing resources of the special laboratories, workshops, etc. centers for the implementation of creative, including research and creative needs of prisoners. If necessary to fully support the convict in the implementation of the procedure of obtaining a patent. In addition, the legal education of prisoners should be informed about the possibilities of implementation of copyright or patent rights in the framework of property relations.

scholarly journals The state and biopolitics: towards the origins of interrelation

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Aleksei Vladimirovich Iarkeev
Keyword(s):  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Political Anthropology ◽  
The Political ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Labor Camps ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control

The subject of this research is the state as a biopolitical project founded on the principle of government intervention in life of the population. Leaning on the ideas and theoretical intentions of the “archeology of power”, economic and political anthropology, the author examines the genesis of the state from biopolitical perspective, proceeding from the hypothesis of the initial animalization of human presence pursuant to state power, which at breaking point, turns into biopolitical death machine, or thanatopolitics. In view of this, the author reveals the role of ancient state formations as the agents of forced “domestication” of the members of agricultural and cattle-raising societies based on the concentration of human resources and coercive labor as state-forming “technologies”, which allow producing surpluses appropriated by the power elites. The idea of pastoralist power, which emerged along with the first states, identifies subjects to a herd under wardship, treating them as a form of wealth similar to livestock. The main conclusion lies in explication of the biopolitical matrix of state administration, which identifies the subjects of the state with livestock, and the state territory with enclosed pasture. This leads to the parallels between cattle-raising and control over population, which paradigmatically determines the political modus operandi of state power that is implicit in the trajectory of its evolution up to the present day. At the threshold of “evolution” of such administrative paradigm emerge the modern radical topoi of the antihuman – the concentration camps (labor camps and death camps) organized by the model of cattle pens and slaughterhouses.

Browary województwa rzeszowskiego w latach 1944-1951

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sławomir Dryja
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The State ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Post War ◽  
National Cooperative ◽  
Ownership Transformation

BREWERIES OF THE RZESZÓW PROVINCE IN THE YEARS 1944-1951 The breweries in Rzeszów region were among the earliest to be opened in post-war Poland. Production was re-launched Przemyśl, Strzyżów and Węgierka as early as August, only slightly later in Łańcut, and in Tarnobrzeg in September. The brewery in Zarszyn restarted operations in December; in Zaczernie first batches were brewed in February 1945. The plant in Dzików Stary was the last to be re-opened. This happened in April or May 1945. In 1944, the breweries in Rzeszów region made 7500 hectolitres of beer. Generally speaking, ownership transformation took two different directions. Breweries connected with the activities of parcelled out land estates were handed over as ‘residue’ for administration by the State Land Fund managed by the Minister of Agriculture and Land Reform. Such was the fate of the breweries in Strzyżów, Węgierka and Zaczernie. Over time, they were earmarked for administration by the cooperative sector. Other breweries, separated from land estates (Łańcut) or formerly owned by Jews (Dzików Stary, Przemyśl, Zarszyn), were managed by Temporary State Administration. Similar processes took place throughout the country, subject to obvious differences between lands annexed to Poland in 1945. As a consequence, the structure of the Polish brewing industry was shaped in three sectors: national, cooperative and private. Breweries controlled by the state were grouped together in a central industrial association subject to the Ministry of Supply and Trade. Breweries ran by cooperatives were mostly supervised by the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reform. Private establishments had to remain members of the Association of Private Breweries in Poland. This tripartite structure operated in the context of allocated and centrally supervised quotas of raw materials, as well as production plans and markets imposed by the state. In 1946, there were 123 breweries registered in Poland. The national sector played the leading role, and the majority of state breweries were large (production volumes above 50,000 hl per year) or largest plants (more than 100,000 hl per year). This sector supplied over 90% of all beer produced in Poland. In terms of quantity, the most numerous group were small breweries (annual production volume up to 15,000 hl) – a total of 78 (63.4%), half of which belonged to the state. There were 24 (19.5%), medium- sized breweries (production volume 15,000 to 50,000 hl), 2/3 of which owned by the state.

scholarly journals Etatism on the example of secured supply of population in conditions of post-war reconstruction and the first five-year plan

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-186
Author(s):  
Senaid Hadžić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The State ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Entire Society ◽  
Post War

The author deals with the issue of the influence of the state administration on certain segments of the Bosnian society in the conditions of post-war reconstruction and the first five-year plan. The paper presents historical facts that speak about the circumstances of introduction of rationed and guaranteed supply of the population, which is often underlined by the concept of secured supply, the manner of realization of it, certain shortcomings, omissions and way of controlling the entire society through the mentioned supply. The work is written on the basis of, until now, unpublished archival material stored in the Archives of Yugoslavia, the archives of Bosnia and Herzegovina, regional archives, then published sources, statistical annals, the contemporary press and relevant literature.

scholarly journals WAWEL AND WARSAW – THE BIGGEST POSTWAR REPOSITORIES FOR RELOCATED CULTURAL GOODS IN POLAND. CONTRIBUTION TO BROADER ELABORATION

Muzealnictwo ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Lidia Kamińska
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The State ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Cultural Goods ◽  
Art Collections ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Museum Professionals ◽  
Post War ◽  
Preliminary Description

The article continues the text Post-war repositories for relocated cultural goods in Poland, published in 2016 in the 57th issue of “Museology”. It is based on unpublished archival sources, as a result of basic research. It refers to the first two main repositories, i.e. at the Royal Castle State Art Collections at Wawel Castle and in the National Museum in Warsaw including its branches founded in 1945 in Wilanów, Nieborów and Łowicz. This is the first and preliminary description of the theme. It covers the results of the so-called requisition campaign, enumerates the transports and the directions from where they came, and the number of chests with cultural goods transported to Wawel and to the National Museum in Warsaw. It examines the complexity of problems then faced by museum professionals who salvaged cultural goods in opposition to the activities of the state administration, and it describes their consequences. It describes the registration activities in repositories. The issues treated still require further elaboration. The author does not tackle the legal aspects of moving cultural goods, such as the aspect of their ownership. The article may serve as an incentive to other researchers to investigate the problem in greater depth.

EFEKTIVITAS PELAKSANAAN PERATURAN PENCATATAN PERCERAIAN DI KANTOR URUSAN AGAMA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Juriyana Megawati Hasibuan Dan Fatahuddin Aziz Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Shipping Costs ◽  
The Status ◽  
Happy Marriage ◽  
Religious Courts ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Marriage is a sacred bond which is ideally only held once in a lifetime. Both Islamic law and positive law require an eternal happy marriage. To support this the Koran proclaims marriage as mitsaqan galiza. The marriage is then registered in the state administration. In line with this, the laws and regulations are formulated in such a way as to make divorce more difficult. However, when there are acceptable reasons and due to coercive conditions, divorce can be done through a judicial process. The divorce must then be registered by taking certain procedures. The court delivered the notice and sent a copy of the decision to the marriage registrar to file the divorce properly. The implementation of this divorce record was not effective. The separation of the Religious Courts Institution from the Ministry of Religion has become a factor that causes the registration task not to be carried out. The loss of the obligation to submit a copy of the decision on the judge's ruling caused the recording to be constrained. The unavailability of shipping costs also contributed to the failure to register divorce. Even though there is a threat to the Registrar who neglects to deliver a copy of the verdict, unclear sanctions make this ineffective. As a result of the lack of recording of divorce, the status of husband and wife becomes unclear and opens opportunities for abuse of that status.

PRINCIPLES OF STATE REGULATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF BODIES OF THE STATE EXECUTIVE SERVICE AND PRIVATE EXECUTORS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Mariіa Konstantinovna Kulava
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Executive System ◽  
The Right

Within the presented article, taking into account already existing achievements of scientists, the concept, the main features of the principles of state administration of the executive system of Ukraine are defined. The principles of activity of executive bodies bodies according to the current legislation of Ukraine are determined. A brief description of the principles is presented, namely: the rule of law, legality, compulsory, independence, justice, impartiality and objectivity, discretion, transparency and openness of executive proceedings and its fixation by technical means, the reasonableness of the time limits for enforcement proceedings, the proportionality of enforcement measures and the amount of claims for decisions, the right to appeal decisions, actions or omissions of state executives, private performers. It is established that in general the principles of executive proceedings in the investigated normative acts are duplicated, in addition to the principles of independence and the right to appeal decisions, actions or inaction of state executives, private performers. The actual vision of the principles of public administration of the executive system of Ukraine is determined. The opinion on the need to supplement the list of principles with the following: the principle of equal competition between state and private performers through the balance between them; the principle of responsibility of the executive system bodies, their officials and private executors for damage caused as a result of violations of regulatory requirements; the principle of introducing effective incentives for voluntary implementation of decisions; the principle of professionalism and competence. Also, within the submitted article, it is stated that the use of the terms “principles” and “principles” in the Laws of Ukraine “On Bodies and Officials Performing Enforcement of Court Decisions and Decisions of Other Bodies”, “On Enforcement Proceedings”, which are adopted simultaneously and regulated, are unjustified, identical social relations.

ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЕ МОШЕННИЧЕСТВ, СОВЕРШАЕМЫХ ОСУЖДЕННЫМИ, СОДЕРЖАЩИМИСЯ В ИСПРАВИТЕЛЬНЫХ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯХ, С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ СРЕДСТВ МОБИЛЬНОЙ СВЯЗИ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПУТИ ИХ РЕШЕНИЯ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Gryazeva
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Crime Statistics ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
Current State ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Executive System

В статье изложен обзор современного состояния теории и практики предупреждения мошенничеств, совершаемых осужденными с помощью средств мобильной связи из учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы России. Исследованы и оценены изменения законодательства, регулирующего рассматриваемую сферу правоотношений, предложения ученых относительно повышения эффективности борьбы с указанным видом мошенничеств, практические материалы. Обозначена проблема, связанная с отсутствием в данных официальной статистики о состоянии преступности в России сведений о количестве мошенничеств, совершаемых осужденными с помощью средств мобильной связи, что бывает необходимо для проведения научных и прикладных исследований, выработки мер по предупреждению и оценки их эффективности в борьбе с анализируемым противоправным деянием. Сформулированы рекомендации, направленные на повышение эффективности предупреждения «телефонных» мошенничеств, совершаемых осужденными в период отбывания наказания в исправительных учреждениях, в частности предложение правового характера, регулирующее сферу индивидуальной профилактики правонарушений, совершаемых осужденными, и предложение в области статистического учета преступлений и отчетности.The article presents an overview of the current state of the theory and practice of fraud prevention committed by convicts using mobile communications from institutions of the criminal Executive system of Russia. The changes in the legislation regulating the sphere of legal relations, the proposals of scientists on improving the effectiveness of combating this type of fraud, practical materials are studied and evaluated. There is a problem related to the lack of information in the official statistics on the state of crime in Russia on the number of frauds committed by convicts by means of mobile communication, which is necessary for scientific and applied research, the development of measures to prevent and assess their effectiveness in combating the illegal act in question. Recommendations have been made to improve the prevention of «telephone» fraud committed by convicted persons while serving their sentences in correctional institutions, in particular a legal proposal regulating the scope of individual prevention of offences committed by convicted persons and a proposal in the field of crime statistics and reporting.

СТИМУЛИРОВАНИЕ ПРАВОПОСЛУШНОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ОСУЖДЕННЫХ В МЕСТАХ ЛИШЕНИЯ СВОБОДЫ В СОВЕТСКОМ И СОВРЕМЕННОМ РОССИЙСКОМ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВЕ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Kuzmin ◽  
Irina Polyanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Punishment ◽  
Personal Time ◽  
Labor Camps ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
Executive System ◽  
The Right ◽  
Stimulation Of

Статья подготовлена на основе использования нормативных правовых актов и архивных документов различных исправительно-трудовых лагерей, указанных в сносках, что позволяет судить о территориальных рамках источников. Исследуется генезис становления и развития практики стимулирования правопослушного поведения осужденных посредством норм, не изменяющих их правовое положение в период отбывания уголовного наказания в виде лишения свободы на различных этапах функционирования исправительно-трудовой (уголовно-исполнительной) системы. На основе изученных документов можно сделать вывод, что в основу дифференциации поощрительных норм, распространявшихся на осужденных, положены следующие критерии: 1) поощрения, не изменяющие условия отбывания уголовного наказания в виде лишения свободы; 2) поощрения, изменяющие условия содержания осужденных. Из ранее применявшихся мер поощрений в современном уголовно-исполнительном законодательстве используются следующие: объявление благодарности с занесением в личное дело, материальное поощрение, право на дополнительную посылку, передачу и др. Среди других мер поощрения можно выделить увеличение времени ежедневной прогулки до двух часов для осужденных, содержащихся в строгих условиях отбывания наказания в колониях и тюрьмах. Также законодатель предусмотрел возможность проводить праздничные и выходные дни за пределами учреждения для осужденных, содержащихся в колониях-поселениях.The article is prepared on the basis of the use of normative legal acts and archival documents of various correctional labor camps mentioned in the footnotes, which allows to judge the territorial scope of the sources. The Genesis of formation and development of practice of stimulation of law-abiding behavior of condemned by means of the norms which are not changing their legal position during serving of criminal punishment in the form of imprisonment at various stages of functioning of correctional labor (criminal Executive) system is investigated. On the basis of the studied documents, it can be concluded that the basis for the differentiation of incentive norms that apply to convicts are the following criteria: 1) incentives that do not change the conditions of serving a criminal sentence in the form of imprisonment; 2) incentives that change the conditions of detention of convicts. Of the previously applied measures of incentives in the modern penal legislation the following are used: the announcement of gratitude with entering in personal time, material encouragement, the right to an additional parcel, transfer, etc. Among other measures of encouragement it is possible to allocate increase in time of daily walk to two hours for condemned detainees in strict conditions of serving of punishment in colonies and prisons. Also, the legislator provided the opportunity to spend holidays and weekends outside the institution for convicts held in colonies-settlements.

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