scholarly journals Assessment of awareness of workers of the forensic medical service of the Republic of Tatarstan (bureau) about tuberculosis infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
E. N. Moskvina ◽  
A. R. Abdrakhmanov ◽  
M. I. Timerzyanov ◽  
A. R. Sharafutdinova
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Sick Person ◽  
Training And Supervision ◽  
Work Training ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Degree

Introduction. Forensic workers are at high risk of contracting Koch's bacillus infection. Significant risk factors for infections are a high microbial load, increased traumatism, and the absence of lifetime medical records of tuberculosis in cadavers admitted for examination. In addition, sporadic cases of infection continue to be reported, necessitating measures to improve the prevention of personnel infection. In view of the above, there is a great need for research into the awareness of bureau personnel, on the basis of which preventive measures will be developed. Purpose of the study — to examine the awareness of bureau personnel about the main issues of tuberculosis infection, its prevention, ways of infection, diagnosis, and clinical manifestations. Materials and methods. The main method of research was an anonymous questionnaire survey of 262 employees of the Kazan bureau of the Republic of Tatarstan. The obtained data were counted on the service onlinetestpad, where the questionnaire was posted. Results. According to the results of the study, 12 employees (4.6%) out of those interviewed in the bureau had tuberculosis. Forty-three employees (16.4%) reported contact with a sick person at their place of work (training). A total of 147 respondents (56.1%) think that it is possible to get infected by a sick person; 39 respondents (14.9%) think that it is possible to get infected while doing professional duties. Some respondents did not consider important aspects in preventing the formation and spread of TB: a significant part of workers (96 workers, 36.6%) wash dirty work clothes at home by themselves and about the same number of respondents (95 workers, 36.3%) do not consider it important to change work clothes when moving from a "dirty" zone to a "clean" one and vice versa. Discussion. Positive results of the questionnaire were associated with a high degree of competence of the staff, dissemination of TB guidelines, training, and supervision by supervisory authorities. Conclusion. Based on the results, it was found that staff at the Bureau of Forensic Medicine are sufficiently informed about methods of specific and non-specific prevention of tuberculosis and have information about the modes of transmission. However, there is a lack of awareness among certain staff members on how to prevent the spread of tuberculosis infection.

Vegetation of sandy coasts of Lake Baikal

2016 ◽  
pp. 46-66
Author(s):  
Тю Фю Dulepova
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Relief Formation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Semiarid Conditions

The aeolian processes play an important role in the relief formation under the semiarid conditions of the intermountain basins of Southern Siberia. Ancient sand landforms occur in different regions of Siberia — the Ob, Chuya, Аley, Yenisei, Аngara, Selenga, Chikoy, Khilok and Chara river valleys and Lake Baikal coasts. The sandy coasts of Lake Baikal are of great interest in terms of floristic diversity determined by a high degree of endemism. Despite centuries of study of the lake basin, sand vegetation is poorly described in the literature. This study presents an analysis of 184 relevés of psammophytic vegetation from the Republic of Buryatia (Severobaikalsky, Barguzinsky, Pribaikalsky districts) and Irkutsk region (Olkhon Island) obtained in 2009–2014.

scholarly journals Role of Camel Husbandry in Food Security of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 614
Author(s):  
Ayan Orazov ◽  
Liudmila Nadtochii ◽  
Kazybay Bozymov ◽  
Mariam Muradova ◽  
Araigul Zhumayeva
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Food Security Indicators ◽  
Security Indicators ◽  
High Degree

This paper examines the problem of food security in the Republic of Kazakhstan over the past 10 years. Based on statistical data, an assessment was made of the prevalence of malnutrition among the population of the country, including children under 5 years of age. There has been a trend towards for an improvement in the nutrition of the population for a few indicators; however, further optimization of food security indicators is required to achieve the goals of sustainable development (SDGs) of the FAO WHO Agenda for the period up to 2050 in Kazakhstan and in its individual regions. The paper reflects data on demographic changes over the past 10 years and its self-sufficiency in basic foods for 2019. A high degree of self-sufficiency in meat products (117.6%) is revealed in the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan. However, self-sufficiency in dairy products is at an extremely low level (0.1%). Camel breeding has been successfully developing in the country over the past 10 years. However, the number of camels in the country is still at a low level. Camel milk can be considered as a great source of macronutrients, its daily consumption partially facilitates the problem of Food Security in Kazakhstan.

Mission of the ICRC Vice-President to the Far East

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (251) ◽  
pp. 112-112
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Republic

Mr. Maurice Aubert, Vice-President of the ICRC, went on mission from 8 to 28 February to the Far East and the Pacific which brought him to Japan, the Republic of Korea, New Zealand and Australia.In each of the countries visited, Mr. Aubert met government officials, members of parliament and senior staff members of National Red Cross Societies. He discussed various issues of humanitarian interest with them, particularly with regard to the activities of the ICRC in the world and the ratification of the Protocols additional to the Geneva Conventions.

scholarly journals MENTORING A HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT INITIATIVE IN KAZAKHSTAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Muratov ◽  
David Hailey ◽  
Vicki Foerster ◽  
Bruce Brady ◽  
Don Juzwishin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
International Health ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Organization Culture ◽  
Train The Trainer ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Health Policy Decision ◽  
The Republic

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assist in the development of a health technology assessment (HTA) program for the Ministry of Health (MOH) of the Republic of KazakhstanMethods: Mentoring of an initial HTA program in Kazakhstan was provided by the Canadian Society for International Health (CSIH) by means of a partnership with the Kazakhstan MOH. HTA materials, courses, and one-on-one support for the preparation of a series of initial HTA reports by MOH HTA staff were provided by a seven-member CSIH team over a 2.5-year project.Results: Guidance documents on HTA and institutional strengthening were prepared in response to an extensive set of deliverables developed by the MOH and the World Bank. Introductory and train-the-trainer workshops in HTA and economic evaluation were provided for MOH staff members, experts from Kazakhstan research institutes and physicians. Five short HTA reports were successfully developed by staff in the Ministry's HTA Unit with assistance from the CSIH team. Challenges that may be relevant to other emerging HTA programs included lack of familiarity with some essential underlying concepts, organization culture, and limited time for MOH staff to do HTA work.Conclusions: The project helped to define the need for HTA and mentored MOH staff in taking the first steps to establish a program to support health policy decision making in Kazakhstan. This experience offers practical lessons for other emerging HTA programs, although these should be tailored to the specific context.

Impactul activităților umane asupra stării peisajelor geografice din bazinul hidografic Cogâlnic în anii 2004-2014

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolae Boboc ◽  
◽  
Valentina Munteanu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Human Pressure ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Degree

The high degree of land use in the Republic of Moldova as a whole, and the Cogâlnic river basin in particular, imposes the need to assess the quality of the environment and the characteristics of the anthropogenic pressure on the landscapes in temporal and spatial dynamics and to identifying an adequate of measure system for the purpose to maintain/restore the optimal structure and functioning of landscape systems. Based from the Land Cadastre on data, statistical data of population censuses, bibliographic and cartographic sources, a system, was appraised a system of indicators(of naturalness, of artificialization of landscapes, environmental changes) and quantified human pressure on the environment through agriculture and anthropogenic pressure on forest landscapes from the Cogâlnic catchment area. The values of the indices and the human pressure on the landscapes were processed using GIS techniques and elaborated cartographic models.

scholarly journals A comparative review of use of sulphate and phosphate salts for colonoscopy preparations and their potential for nephrotoxicity

2018 ◽  
Vol 06 (10) ◽  
pp. E1206-E1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Moulin ◽  
Thierry Ponchon
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Distal Tubule ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Calcium Excretion ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Bowel Cleansing ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Phosphate Salts ◽  
Sulphate Salts

Abstract Background and study aims Colonoscopy is a widely used diagnostic procedure which requires prior cleansing of the bowel. Many different bowel cleansing preparations have been developed, all of which have specific advantages and disadvantages. This review compares two low-volume high-osmolarity bowel cleansing preparations, oral phosphate salts and oral sulphate salts, with a particular focus on risk of nephrotoxicity. Patients and methods An electronic search of the Medline database was performed using the search terms “(phosphates OR sulfates) AND cathartics [MeSH Term] AND kidney” restricted to humans with a cut-off date of December 31, 2016. Results Introduction of oral phosphate salts offered the advantage of low intake volume and low risk of bowel irritation compared to previous options. However, phosphate salts have been associated with renal toxicity (acute phosphate nephropathy [APN]), thought to arise due to perturbations of calcium and phosphate homeostasis as a consequence of increases in serum phosphate. This results in high concentrations of calcium phosphate in the distal tubule and collecting ducts of the kidney, where it may precipitate. Although APN is rare, it may lead to permanent kidney damage. For this reason, phosphate salts are contraindicated in vulnerable patient groups. As an alternative to phosphate salts, oral sulphate salts have recently been introduced. Because sulphate absorption from the intestinal tract is saturable, serum sulphate concentrations increase only minimally after ingestion. Furthermore, excretion of sulphate in the kidney is not accompanied by calcium excretion and urine calcium levels are unchanged. For these theoretical reasons, use of sulphate salts as bowel cleansing solutions is not expected to lead to calcium precipitation in the nephron. Conclusions Oral phosphate salts are no longer recommended for routine use as bowel cleansing preparations as they carry significant risk of kidney damage and a safer alternative is available in the form of oral sulphate solutions. To date, use of sulphate salts has not been associated with elevations in serum creatinine or other markers of renal impairment, nor with clinical manifestations of kidney injury. Nonetheless, experience with sulphate salts in everyday practice is limited and physicians should be vigilant in detecting potential safety issues.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF MEDICALLY INDUCED SKIN REACTIONS BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF REPORTS OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA (FROM 2009 TO 2016)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Matveev ◽  
А. E. Krasheninnikov ◽  
E. A. Egorova ◽  
Е. I. Konyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Drug Hypersensitivity ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Report Cards ◽  
Hypersensitivity Reactions ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions ◽  
The Republic

Drug hypersensitivity reactions are among the most important problems that arise when using drugs. The occurrence of such reactions in the population is at least 7% and tends to a constant increase. The most frequent manifestations of drug hypersensitivity reactions are medically induced skin lesions.The aimof this research was to study and analyze the cases of development of skin drug reactions on the basis of the reports on the adverse reactions (ADRs) of the drugs, registered in the Republic of Crimea in the period from 2009 to 2016.Materials and methods.The objects of the research were report cards about the adverse reactions, registered in the regional base (registry) of spontaneous messages called ARCADe (Adverse Reactions in Crimea, Autonomic Database) for the period from 2009 to 2016. During the analysis of the report cards, 2,698 cases of the development of skin drug reactions arising in response to the use of drugs in patients were selected. The study of the frequency of occurrence of skin drug reactions in the application of various groups of drugs was carried out taking into account the codes of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Сlassification System of drugs of the World Health Organization (WHO).Results.Of the study showed that the development of skin drug reactions was most often associated with the use of antimicrobial agents for internal use, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), drugs for the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and agents that affect the nervous system. Among the clinical manifestations of skin drug reactions, generalized and localized rashes prevailed, and itching and hyperemia of the skin were much less common in patients. The analysis of age categories showed that the most frequently medically induced reactions occurred in children from birth to 3 years, as well as in the age group of patients from 46 to 60 years. The risk factors identified in the course of the analysis, were female gender, early childhood and old age, as well as the presence of aggravated drug allergy history.Conclusion.Drug hypersensitivity reactions create certain difficulties in clinical practice related to the diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis, and may also cause danger to health or life of patients. In this connection, the study of such adverse reactions is the most important task of practical health care and requires direct participation of doctors of all specialties.

scholarly journals International standards for combating money laundering with reference to the Republic of Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Radojica Lazić
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Financial Systems ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Systems

Money laundering is increasingly becoming an issue of concern to the international community, as the states have realized that the harmonious activity of all international actors through the observance of the foreseen international standards is the most effective way of combating this type of crime. International documents have established a basic framework of activities for combating money laundering. This paper is focused on the analysis of the activities of international entities and their role in creating international standards in this field, as well as the impact of money laundering on various aspects of society and countries. In this connection, the paper first explains the international entities, then states their roles and all the most important international documents and then the results of the money laundering risk assessment in the Republic of Serbia with special emphasis on the criminal offenses with high degree threats for money laundering. Furthermore, it points to the importance of international entities and standards for the establishment of national systems that will be able to respond to the effects of money laundering and thereby create a successful financial system. Finally, the paper concludes that without the existence of international standards and activities of the international entities, appropriate conditions for effective combating of money laundering cannot be created, thereby providing more favorable conditions for the free flow of people and capital, as well as easier management of financial systems.

scholarly journals Financial-credit sector in socioeconomic development strategy of the Republic of Azerbaijan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Leyla Mirgamishli ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Financial Credit ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Modern Technologies

Given the high degree of openness of the Azerbaijani economy and the sensitivity of national banks to global challenges, the Strategic Road Map on the development of financial services was developed and introduced in 2016 in the Republic. The project was created taking into account the principles of modern technologies: financial inclusion; digital information support; protection of the rights of consumers of banking services; etc. The project implementation led to the modernization of the financial and credit sector of the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the introduction of modern operating systems in various segments of financial institutions.

scholarly journals THE ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AS PERCEIVED BY THE STAFF MEMBERS OF THE FACULTY OF EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY OF KHARTOUM

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-74
Author(s):  
Saifaldin Dldom
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Academic Rank ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Normative Commitment ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Faculty Of Education ◽  
The University ◽  
High Degree

Organizational commitment is considered an essential concept for ensuring work and staff motivation in a higher education setting. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the staffs’ degree of organizational commitment to the Faculty of Education, University of Khartoum. To investigate research questions, a survey questionnaire was conducted. Among 239 respondents, 106 staff members were surveyed (44.00%). The results indicated that the degree of staff affective, continuance, and normative commitment in the Faculty of Education, University of Khartoum, was high. This study also confirmed that the aggregate degree of organizational commitment among staff members in the Faculty of Education, University of Khartoum, was high. The study revealed no statistically significant difference in the degree of organizational commitment due to gender and academic rank variables. The study also found a statistically significant difference in affective and normative commitment in the degree of organizational commitment related to years of service. The study recommended improving the worldly position of the staff member to maintain a high degree of responsibility at the University of Khartoum. 

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