Structure and Properties of a New Synthetic Tire Rubber: High-Trans SBR

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Fabris ◽  
I. G. Hargis ◽  
R. A. Livigni ◽  
S. L. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Specific Property ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Tire Rubber ◽  
Radial Tire ◽  
Hysteresis Properties

Abstract Solution SBR's are presently widely used as tire rubbers, and can be tailor-made for specific property advantages. Although still at an early stage of evaluation, high-trans-1,4 SBR's (HTSBR's) must certainly be considered serious contenders for at least partial replacement of NR to increase tire durability. Their excellent green and tack strengths, excellent oxidative stability and, in blends with NR, good fatigue life constitute valuable assets for radial tire sidewall constructions, while their outstanding abrasion resistance combined with acceptably low hysteresis properties will make them highly useful as components in tire tread compounds.

scholarly journals Abrasion Resistance of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete for Railway Sleepers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariful Hasnat ◽  
Nader Ghafoori
Keyword(s):  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Cementitious Material ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Ultra High Performance Concrete

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the abrasion resistance of ultra-high-performance concretes (UHPCs) for railway sleepers. Test samples were made with different cementitious material combinations and varying steel fiber contents and shapes, using conventional fine aggregate. A total of 25 UHPCs and two high-strength concretes (HSCs) were selected to evaluate their depth of wear and bulk properties. The results of the coefficient of variation (CV), relative gain in abrasion, and abrasion index of the studied UHPCs were also obtained and discussed. Furthermore, a comparison was made on the resistance to wear of the selected UHPCs with those of the HSCs typically used for prestressed concrete sleepers. The outcomes of this study revealed that UHPCs displayed excellent resistance against abrasion, well above that of HSCs. Amongst the utilized cementitious material combinations, UHPCs made with silica fume as a partial replacement of cement performed best against abrasion, whereas mixtures containing fly ash showed the highest depth of wear. The addition of steel fibers had a more positive influence on the abrasion resistance than it did on compressive strength of the studied UHPCs.

scholarly journals Fatigue Performance and Multiscale Mechanisms of Concrete Toughened by Polymers and Waste Rubber

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Chen ◽  
Liping Guo ◽  
Wei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fatigue Performance ◽  
Tire Rubber ◽  
Bending Fatigue ◽  
Waste Tire ◽  
Waste Rubber ◽  
Bonding Effect ◽  
Waste Tire Rubber

For improving bending toughness and fatigue performance of brittle cement-based composites, two types of water-soluble polymers (such as dispersible latex powder and polyvinyl alcohol powder) and waste tire-rubber powders are added to concrete as admixtures. Multiscale toughening mechanisms of these additions in concretes were comprehensively investigated. Four-point bending fatigue performance of four series concretes is conducted under a stress level of 0.70. The results show that the effects of dispersible latex powder on bending toughness and fatigue life of concrete are better than those of polyvinyl alcohol powder. Furthermore, the bending fatigue lives of concrete simultaneously containing polymers and waste rubber powders are larger than those of concrete with only one type of admixtures. The multiscale physics-chemical mechanisms show that high bonding effect and high elastic modulus of polymer films as well as good elastic property and crack-resistance of waste tire-rubber powders are beneficial for improving bending toughness and fatigue life of cementitious composites.

Magnetic Barkhausen Noise Technique for Early Stage Fatigue Prediction in Martensitic Stainless-Steel Samples (invited)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Zi Li ◽  
Bharath Basti Shenoy ◽  
L. Udpa ◽  
Yiming Deng
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Magnetic Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Operating Cycle ◽  
Microstructure Changes

Abstract Martensitic grade stainless steel is generally used to manufacture steam turbine blades in power plants. The material degradation of those turbine blades, due to fatigue, will induce unexpected equipment damage. Fatigue cracks, too small to be detected, can grow severely in the next operating cycle and may cause failure before the next inspection opportunity. Therefore, a nondestructive electromagnetic technique, which is sensitive to microstructure changes in the material, is needed to provide a means to estimate the specimen’s fatigue life. To tackle these challenges, this paper presents a novel Magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) technique for garnering information relating to the material microstructure changes under test. The MBN signals are analyzed in time as well as frequency domain to infer material information that are influenced by the samples’ mate- rial state. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is applied to reduce the dimensionality of feature data and extract higher order features. Afterwards, Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) classifies the sample based on the percentage fatigue life to discover the most correlated MBN features to indicate the remaining fatigue life. Furthermore, one criticism of MBN is its poor repeatability and stability, therefore, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is carried out to analyze the uncertainty associated with MBN measurements. The feasibility of MBN technique is investigated in detecting early stage fatigue, which is associated with plastic deformation in ferromagnetic metallic structures. Experimental results demonstrate that the Magnetic Barkhausen Noise technique is a promising candidate for characterizing.

scholarly journals Recycling Waste Tires into Ground Tire Rubber (GTR)/Rubber Compounds: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Fazli ◽  
Denis Rodrigue
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Tire Rubber ◽  
Ground Tire Rubber ◽  
Waste Tires ◽  
Chemical Surface ◽  
Rubber Compounds

Recycling and recovery of waste tires is a serious environmental problem since vulcanized rubbers require several years to degrade naturally and remain for long periods of time in the environment. This is associated to a complex three dimensional (3D) crosslinked structure and the presence of a high number of different additives inside a tire formulation. Most end-of-life tires are discarded as waste in landfills taking space or incinerated for energy recovery, especially for highly degraded rubber wastes. All these options are no longer acceptable for the environment and circular economy. However, a great deal of progress has been made on the sustainability of waste tires via recycling as this material has high potential being a source of valuable raw materials. Extensive researches were performed on using these end-of-life tires as fillers in civil engineering applications (concrete and asphalt), as well as blending with polymeric matrices (thermoplastics, thermosets or virgin rubber). Several grinding technologies, such as ambient, wet or cryogenic processes, are widely used for downsizing waste tires and converting them into ground tire rubber (GTR) with a larger specific surface area. Here, a focus is made on the use of GTR as a partial replacement in virgin rubber compounds. The paper also presents a review of the possible physical and chemical surface treatments to improve the GTR adhesion and interaction with different matrices, including rubber regeneration processes such as thermomechanical, microwave, ultrasonic and thermochemical producing regenerated tire rubber (RTR). This review also includes a detailed discussion on the effect of GTR/RTR particle size, concentration and crosslinking level on the curing, rheological, mechanical, aging, thermal, dynamic mechanical and swelling properties of rubber compounds. Finally, a conclusion on the current situation is provided with openings for future works.

Structure and Properties of Double-Filament Tri-Component Combined Yarn

2014 ◽  
Vol 1035 ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Yi Qiang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Breaking Elongation ◽  
Yarn Properties ◽  
Yarn Structure ◽  
Yarn Hairiness

Manufacturing process of combined yarn with different filament size and cotton roving has been discussed. It shows that filament feeding point has some effect on combined yarn structure and yarn properties. If the filaments are fed from different sides of the cotton strand, they usually wrap the strand in parallel. If the filaments are fed from the same side of the strand, they wrap the strand crossed more often. Filament feeding point has an effect on yarn hairiness while it affects yarn breaking strength, yarn breaking elongation and abrasion resistance slightly. Yarn property weight is determined by subjective empowerment and Borda method is used to analyze yarn property. It has proved that if the filaments are fed from different sides of the cotton strand, the filament-roving space is set at 4mm respectively; the combined yarn shows the best.

Characteristics of Fretting Wear in a Press-Fitted Shaft Subjected to Bending Load

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 1269-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Hyung Lee ◽  
Seok Jin Kwon ◽  
Won Hee You
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Contact Surface ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Fretting Wear ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Wear Coefficient ◽  
Bending Load

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of fretting wear characteristics on the contact surface of press-fitted shaft subjected to a cyclic bending load. A series of interrupted fretting wear tests with press-fitted specimens were carried out by using a rotating bending fatigue test machine. The evolution of contact surface profile of press-fitted shaft due to fretting wear were measured with a profilometer. The local wear coefficient during the running-in period is discussed from experimental results and FE analysis. It is found that the maximum depth of fretting wear by repeated slip between shaft and boss occurred at the close of contact edge at the early stage of fatigue life and the regions of worn surface are expanded to the inner side of contact edge as increasing number of fatigue cycles. The initial fretting wear rate at the early stage of fatigue life increased rapidly at all loading condition. After steep increasing, the increase of wear rate is nearly constant in the low bending load condition. The local wear coefficient in running-in period decrease dramatically at the early stage of fretting wear.

scholarly journals Abrasion resistance of sustainable green concrete containing waste tire rubber particles

2016 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 906-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blessen Skariah Thomas ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Priyansha Mehra ◽  
Ramesh Chandra Gupta ◽  
Miquel Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Tire Rubber ◽  
Green Concrete ◽  
Waste Tire ◽  
Rubber Particles ◽  
Waste Tire Rubber

Curing characteristics and mechanical and aging properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer/calcium carbonate/bentonite hybrid composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 397-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurus Sakinah Che Mat ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Nadras Othman
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer ◽  
Ethylene Propylene ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Loading Ratio

Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)/calcium carbonate/bentonite (Bt) hybrid composites were prepared via a laboratory size two-roll mill. In this work, loading ratio of calcium carbonate to Bt was varied, that is, 30/0, 5/25, 15/15, 25/5 and 0/30 parts per hundred rubber. The effect of partial replacement of calcium carbonate with Bt on the curing characteristics, tear properties, morphology, aging and fatigue life of the hybrid composites was studied. On increasing Bt loading, cure time, scorch time and maximum torque of EPDM/calcium carbonate (CaCO3)/Bt composites decreased, whereas minimum torque increased. The tear strength and fatigue life of EPDM/CaCO3/Bt hybrid composites showed improvement with increasing Bt loading. The results also showed that the retention of aging of EPDM/CaCO3/Bt hybrid composites decreased with increasing Bt loading.

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