EFFECT OF COAGULATING SKIM NR PARTICLES AS NR–CLAY NANOCOMPOSITE: PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE

2011 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
TARINEE NAMPITCH ◽  
RATHANAWAN MAGARAPHAN
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy Micrographs ◽  
Rubber Material ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Chloride ◽  
And Storage

Abstract New materials of skim NR–clay nanocomposites were prepared by a coagulating method using several organoclays, i.e., dodecyl ammonium–montmorillonite, Cloisite 15A, Cloisite 20A, and Cloisite 25A, which were modified by dodecyl ammonium chloride, dimethyl dehydrogenated tallow quaternary ammonium chloride, dimethyl dehydrogenated tallow quaternary ammonium chloride, and dimethyl hydrogenated tallow 2 ethylhexyl quaternary ammonium methyl sulfate, respectively. X-ray diffraction revealed that the intercalated nanocomposites were formed depending on the type and content of organoclays, and the excellent dispersion of clay in rubber matrix could be confirmed by transmission electron microscopy micrographs. In addition, thermal stability of the coagulated skim rubber–organoclay nanocomposites was improved as shown by the thermogravimetric analysis. The mechanical properties and dynamic-mechanical thermal analysis revealed that hardness and storage modulus of nanocomposites were improved and the glass transition temperature of nanocomposites increased as compared with that of the pure skim NR. Thus, not only recovery of this significant fraction of the lost rubber material but also reinforced skim rubber particles were obtained by the use of a coagulating method using several organoclays.

Influence of Clay Incorporation on the Physical Properties of Polyethylene/Brazilian Clay Nanocomposites

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1937-1941
Author(s):  
R. Barbosa ◽  
E. M. Araújo ◽  
T. J. A. Melo ◽  
E. N. Ito ◽  
E. Hage
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Matrix

High density polyethylene/Brazilian clay nanocomposites were prepared by the melt intercalation technique. A montmorillonite sample from Boa Vista/PB, Northeast of Brazil, was organically modified with esthearildimethylammonium chloride (Praepagen WB) quaternary ammonium salt. The unmodified and modified clays with the quaternary ammonium salt were introduced in 1, 2, 3 and 5 wt% in a PE polymer matrix. The dispersion analysis and the interlayer distance of the clay particles were obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical properties of tensile and the flammability of the nanocomposites were studied. In general, the mechanical properties of the systems presented superior values compared to the matrix. The systems showed a reduction on the burning rate, indicating that the flammability resistance of nanocomposites was improved.

Effects of epoxidized natural rubber as a compatibilizer on latex compounded natural rubber-clay nanocomposites

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Hua Tan ◽  
Xiao-Ping Wang ◽  
Yi-Wu Liu ◽  
Yuan-Fang Luo ◽  
De-Min Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Latex Compounding

Abstract Natural rubber (NR)/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites compatibilized with epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) were produced by latex compounding method. The effects of ENR as a compatibilizer on NR/MMT nanocomposites were investigated. The addition of ENR brought intercalation or exfoliation of the clay, which improved the clay dispersion in the rubber matrix, as characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). The interfacial interaction of ENR with MMT was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The vulcanization was hindered by the incorporation of ENR, while the mechanical performances, thermal stability and ageing resistance were improved. The glass transition temperature and storage modulus increased with ENR loading, which was corroborated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).

scholarly journals Role of Surfactants in the Properties of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate)/Purified Clay Nanocomposites

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine dos Santos ◽  
Marcus Fook ◽  
Oscar Malta ◽  
Suédina de Lima Silva ◽  
Itamara Leite
Keyword(s):  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Phosphonium Salts ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Alkyl Ammonium ◽  
Pet Crystallization

Purified clay was modified with different amounts of alkyl ammonium and phosphonium salts and used as filler in the preparation of PET nanocomposites via melt intercalation. The effect of this type of filler on morphology and thermal and mechanical properties of PET nanocomposites was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analyses (TG), tensile properties, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the mixture of alkyl ammonium and phosphonium salts favored the production of PET nanocomposites with intercalated and partially exfoliated morphologies with slight improvement in thermal stability. In addition, the incorporation of these organoclays tended to inhibit PET crystallization behavior, which is profitable in the production of transparent bottles.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Characteristics of MacroporousTiO2Photocatalyst

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiyun Yi ◽  
Baolin Xing ◽  
Jianbo Jia ◽  
Liwei Zhao ◽  
Yuanfeng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Anatase Phase ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Energy Conversion And Storage ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Differential Thermogravimetry

Macroporous TiO2photocatalyst was synthesized by a facile nanocasting method using polystyrene (PS) spherical particles as the hard template. The synthesized photocatalyst was characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry-differential thermogravimetry (TG-DTG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and N2-sorption. TEM, SEM, and XRD characterizations confirmed that the macroporous TiO2photocatalyst is composed of anatase phase. The high specific surface area of 87.85 m2/g can be achieved according to the N2-sorption analysis. Rhodamine B (RhB) was chosen as probe molecule to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2catalysts. Compared with the TiO2materials synthesized in the absence of PS spherical template, the macroporous TiO2photocatalyst sintered at 500°C exhibits much higher activity on the degradation of RhB under the UV irradiation, which can be assigned to the well-structured macroporosity. The macroporous TiO2material presents great potential in the fields of environmental remediation and energy conversion and storage.

Cutting Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes

1999 ◽  
Vol 593 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Stepanek ◽  
G. Maurin ◽  
P Bernier ◽  
J. Gavillet ◽  
A. Loiseau
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Diamond Powder ◽  
Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy Micrographs ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Breaking Mechanism ◽  
Oxidation In Air ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

ABSTRACTIn this contribution, we report on a mechanical method to cut and open single walled carbon nanotubes. This technique is based on using an abrasive material (diamond powder) without any chemical treatments or oxidation in air at high temperature. We present highresolution transmission electron microscopy micrographs, which show firstly that the tubes are unambiguously opened and secondly, that the nanotubes have not suffered the treatment. x-ray diffraction pattern confirms a well-defined bundle organisation. A breaking mechanism of the nanotube bundles is proposed. Nitrogen adsorption measurements at 77K reveal the presence of new microporosities ranging in the average nanotube diameter, which confirm the opening of some tubes.

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