MIXING SEQUENCE IN NATURAL RUBBER CONTAINING ORGANOCLAY AND NANO–CALCIUM CARBONATE TERNARY HYBRID NANOCOMPOSITES

ABSTRACT Rubber nanocomposites containing one type of nanofiller are common and are widely established in the research field. In this study, natural rubber (NR) based ternary nanocomposites containing both calcium carbonate and organoclay have been characterized on the basis of morphology, cure characteristics, and physico-mechanical behavior. Natural rubber nanocomposite samples containing modified silicate (Cloisite 15A) and also nano-carbonate calcium were prepared using a laboratory internal mixer. The effect of the mixing sequence on the morphology and mechanical properties of the samples was investigated. Based on results of morphology and mechanical properties, the dual fillers phase nanocomposites (hybrid nanocomposite) perform better in comparison with single filler phase nanocomposites. The reinforcing capability of nano-CaCO3 and organoclay in NR was characterized by means of cure rheometry, morphology, and mechanical properties. NR/single filler phase and two filler phase nanocomposites were prepared by simple melt mixing method. Concentration of nano-CaCO3 and organoclay in NR was 10 and 5 parts per one hundred parts of rubber by weight, respectively. The microstructure and homogeneity of the compounds was confirmed by studying the dispersion of nanoparticles in NR via X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. A more pronounced effect was achieved by using dual filler based nanocomposites as compared with single filler phase nanocomposites. The obtained results reveal that hybrid nanocomposites have more adequate morphology, rheometery, and mechanical behaviors as well as swelling resistance. The effect of mixing sequence of fillers has been studied in detail. Simultaneous addition of the two nanofillers to the NR compound would lead to better nanocomposite properties compared with other mixing sequences. Also, the results show that the mixing sequence of these nanofillers in NR has little effect on the performance of the nanocomposite.

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Morphology and Mechanical Properties of NBR/PVC Hybrid Nanocomposites

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.a2979.059120 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 2606-2611

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

High Surface ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽

Cooh Group ◽

Melt Mixing ◽

Hybrid Filler ◽

Compression Set ◽

Morphology And Mechanical Properties

In this present work NBR/PVC conventional composite containing 70phr carbon black (CB) is taken for study. In order to reduce the utilization of CB, new hybrid nanocomposites containing varied content of both CB(40phr -55phr) and graphenenanoplatelets (GNP) (3phr-9phr) were developed by melt-mixing on a two roll mill and their morphology and mechanical properties were tested and compared with conventional composite. FESEM studies evident that the formation of exfoliated structures of GNP and formation of local CB-GNP hybrid filler network which ensures proper and compatible mixing in the composites. It is also found that mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, swelling resistance, hardness and compression set increases with increase in GNP content from 3 to 6phr and whereas tensile modulus and tear strength increases with increase in GNP content from 3 to 9phr. Further the developed NBR/PVC hybrid nanocompositescontaining 55phr of CB and 3phr of GNP exhibited an improvement of 6.8%, 27.9% +1 shore A and 4.1% in tensile strength, tensile modulus, hardness, swelling resistance in comparison to the conventional composite containing 70phr CB. The better performance of NBR/PVC hybrid nanocomposites can be mainly attributed to high surface area of functionalized nanographene and its enhanced interactions with the NBR/PVC matrix, enhanced CB-GNP interactions, improved dispersion of graphene in the rubber blend due the presence of COOH group on the surface of graphene layers and formation of more cross-links between rubber and fillers with increase in nanofiller content . These newly developed hybrid nanocomposites can be used in automotive sector especially for oil seal applications where low compression set and high solvent resistance are of prime importance.

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Effect of dispersion preparation technique of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) fillers on mechanical properties of natural rubber (NR) latex films

10.1063/1.4993357 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Fairus Mazlia Mat Suki ◽

Azura A. Rashid

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Preparation Technique ◽

Latex Films

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Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Polyamide 6 and Polybutylene Terephthalate Blends Compatibilized with Epoxidized Natural Rubber

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/811/1/012019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 811 ◽

pp. 012019

Author(s):

P Sapsrithong ◽

T Sritapunya ◽

S Tuampoemsab ◽

A Rattanapan ◽

M Nithitanakul

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Polyamide 6 ◽

Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽

Polybutylene Terephthalate ◽

Morphology And Mechanical Properties

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Characterization of Snap-On Calf Nipple Product and Development of its Compound Formulation Based on Natural Rubber

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.744.282 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 744 ◽

pp. 282-287

Author(s):

Sarawut Prasertsri ◽

Sansanee Srichan

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Carbon Black ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Rubber Compound ◽

Rubber Compounds ◽

Rubber Component

This research aimed to develop the formulation of natural rubber filled with carbon black, silica and calcium carbonate for rubber calf nipple application. The reverse engineering was performed on the calf nipple product to analyze the rubber type and component by using Soxhlet extraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. Furthermore, mechanical properties were examined to act as benchmark for the rubber compound design. The results showed that rubber component in the nipple product was natural rubber, whereas two filler types revealed as carbon black and calcium carbonate with 10 and 35 of the total weight. In addition, rubber nipple showed the hardness of 46±1 Shore A and tensile strength of 5.3±0.60 MPa. From the investigation of the properties of developed rubber compounds in this work, it was found that the mechanical properties depended on type and content of filler. The required mechanical properties of vulcanizates were achieved at 20 phr of carbon black (N330), 20 phr of silica and 120 phr of calcium carbonate.

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Effects of Epoxidation Content of ENR on Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Blended PVC

Macromolecular Symposia ◽

10.1002/masy.200451226 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 216 (1) ◽

pp. 281-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Jarunee Jeerupun ◽

Jatuphorn Wootthikanokkhan ◽

Pranee Phinyocheep

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Morphology And Mechanical Properties

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The role of multiwall carbon nanotubes on physical, mechanical and rheological properties of poly(lactic acid)/natural rubber/CNT hybrid systems

Polymers and Polymer Composites ◽

10.1177/0967391120931357 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 096739112093135

Author(s):

Mohammad Mahdi Salehi ◽

Fatemeh Hakkak

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Rheological Properties ◽

Droplet Size ◽

Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Droplet Size Distribution ◽

Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Melt Mixing

The main objective of the present work was to study the role of carbon nanotube (CNT) on the microstructure development and physical, mechanical, and rheological properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/natural rubber (NR)/CNT hybrid nanocomposites. The PLA/NR blend samples with constant blend ratio (90/10) were prepared by melt mixing in a laboratory internal mixer at a temperature of 190°C. The behavior of the PLA/NR blend was examined depending on the CNT content (0.5–6 wt%). The droplet size and droplet size distribution of the NR phase decreases with the increase in CNTs content. This could be explained in terms of compatibilizing effect of CNT and the changing of the viscosity ratio of the blend phases. The development of the microstructure and the physical properties of the blend were also investigated according to the CNT contents by measuring the linear viscoelasticity. The elongational behavior and mechanical properties of the blends were strongly dependent on the location of the CNT. The CNT worked as an efficient compatibilizer and also it worked as a reinforcing filler making the matrix more rigid.

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NATURAL RUBBER NANOCOMPOSITES BASED ON NEW FIBROUS NANOFILLERS WITH IMPROVED BARRIER PROPERTIES FOR USE IN TIRE INNERLINER APPLICATIONS

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/rct.20.80424 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 000-000 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. P. Surya ◽

Sanjay Bhattacharya ◽

Rabindra Mukhopadhyay ◽

Kinsuk Naskar ◽

Anil K. Bhowmick

Keyword(s):

Natural Rubber ◽

Crack Growth ◽

Cellulose Nanofibers ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽

Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽

Melt Mixing ◽

Hybrid Filler ◽

Dynamic Mechanical ◽

Growth Properties

ABSTRACT Hybrid nanocomposites were prepared by predispersion of new nanofibers such as aramid nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, silicon carbide nanofibers (SiC), cellulose nanofibers, and graphite nanofibers in natural rubber (NR) latex prior to melt mixing in an internal mixer to ensure the exquisite dispersion of nanofibers in NR. The competency of these nanofibers in reinforcing NR as well as enhancing its barrier properties has not been widely investigated. The fabricated nanocomposites showed enhanced curing as well as mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties. Morphology of the composites was analyzed through electron microscopy. The increase in tortuosity created by the presence of the hybrid filler system consisting of carbon black and nanofibers was studied using permeability models. At higher tearing energies, it was seen that the nanofiber-reinforced composites showed comparable crack growth properties; however, at lower energies, the fabricated composites exhibited higher crack propagation rates compared with the control compound when studied using a tear fatigue analyzer. The improved mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and barrier properties along with comparable fatigue crack growth properties offer an opportunity to apply these systems in high-end applications such as a thinner tire inner liner with a higher NR blend ratio, which can result in improved processability and reduced hysteresis, fuel consumption, and cost.

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Comparison of Reinforcing Efficiency between Calcium Carbonate/Carbon Black and Calcium Carbonate/Silica Hybrid Filled Natural Rubber Composites

Defect and Diffusion Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.382.94 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 382 ◽

pp. 94-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sarawut Prasertsri ◽

Chaiwute Vudjung ◽

Wunchai Inthisaeng ◽

Sansanee Srichan ◽

Kanchana Sapprasert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Carbon Black ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Hybrid System ◽

Hybrid Composites ◽

Strength Increase ◽

Hybrid Filler ◽

Carbonate Carbon ◽

Cure Time

The present research aimed to develop natural rubber (NR) hybrid composites reinforced with calcium carbonate/carbon black (CC/CB) and calcium carbonate/silica (CC/SC). The influence of CC/CB and CC/SC with various filler ratios (120/0, 90/5, 60/10, 30/15 and 0/20) on cure characteristics and mechanical properties of the vulcanizates was investigated and their reinforcing efficiency was compared. It has been found that incorporation of CB in the hybrid filler decreases the scorch time and cure time but increases crosslink density, whereas the incorporation of silica showed cure retardation. As CB or SC content increases, stiffness, tensile strength and tear strength increase, while elongation at break and compression set decrease. Scanning electron microscopy studies also reveal poor filler dispersion and poor adhesion between filler particles and matrix in the vulcanizates with increasing in CC content in a weight filler ratio which causes inferior mechanical properties. Incorporation of CB or SC content enhanced the mechanical properties of the vulcanizates, where CC/CB hybrid system exhibited higher reinforcing efficiency compared with CC/SC hybrid system.

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