IMPROVEMENT OF SILICA-REINFORCED NATURAL RUBBER TIRE TREAD COMPOUNDS BY JOINT HYBRIDIZATION WITH SMALL AMOUNTS OF SECONDARY FILLERS AND POLYMERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 652-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sattayanurak ◽  
K. Sahakaro ◽  
W. Kaewsakul ◽  
W. K. Dierkes ◽  
L. A. E. M. Reuvekamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Payne Effect ◽  
Positive Effects

ABSTRACT To improve the properties of silica-reinforced truck tire tread compounds, especially abrasion resistance, the effect of vinyl contents in butadiene rubber (BR) or solution styrene–butadiene rubber (SSBR) as secondary polymers in silica-filled natural rubber (NR) compounds at a ratio of 80/20 phr is investigated in the first part of this study. By increasing the levels of vinyl contents in BR in combination with NR, a better Payne effect, 300% modulus, reinforcement index, and tan delta at −20 and 0 ° C are obtained, whereas the tensile strength, elongation at break, and DIN abrasion resistance index decrease with increasing vinyl contents. Higher vinyl contents in SSBR result in improvements in Payne effect, 300% modulus, tan delta at −20 and 0 °C but only a small improvement in DIN abrasion resistance index. Combinations of secondary fillers and polymers in silica-filled NR are covered in the second part of present study. Silica/carbon black–filled NR/BR and NR/SSBR, respectively, and silica/organoclay–filled NR/BR and NR/SSBR show positive effects on scorch time and optimum cure time, with only slight changes in Payne effect, tensile properties, tan delta at −20 and 0 ° C and DIN abrasion resistance as compared with compounds with carbon black N134. The use of organoclay results in an enhanced Payne effect and tan delta at 60 °C, indicative of reduced filler–filler networking and consequently a lower rolling resistance of tire tread compounds as compared with the compound without organoclay. The specific combination of a small amount of organoclay replacing the same amount of silica, together with some of the NR replaced by high-vinyl BR, promises a substantial overall boost in wet and ice traction, abrasion, and wear resistance as compared with straight NR/silica tire treads. This new observation helps to overcome one of the main shortcomings of NR/silica compounds: their generally low wear resistance.

scholarly journals Effects of Blend Ratio and SBR Type on Properties of Carbon Black-Filled and Silica-Filled SBR/BR Tire Tread Compounds

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pongdhorn Sae-oui ◽  
Krisda Suchiva ◽  
Chakrit Sirisinha ◽  
Wenussarin Intiya ◽  
Pram Yodjun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Wet Grip ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

This work aimed at investigating the effects of blend ratio between styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and butadiene rubber (BR) and SBR type (E-SBR and S-SBR) on properties of SBR/BR tire tread compounds. Influences of these parameters on properties of the tread compounds reinforced by 80 parts per hundred rubber (phr) of carbon black (CB) and silica were also compared. Results reveal that hardness, strengths, and wet grip efficiency were impaired whereas rolling resistance was improved with increasing BR proportion. Surprisingly, the presence of BR imparted poorer abrasion resistance in most systems, except for the CB-filled E-SBR system in which an enhanced abrasion resistance was observed. Obviously, S-SBR gave superior properties (tire performance) compared to E-SBR, particularly obvious in the silica-filled system. Compared with CB, silica gave comparable strengths, better wet grip efficiency, and lower rolling resistance. Carbon black, however, offered greater abrasion resistance than silica.

scholarly journals THE PAYNE EFFECT: PRIMARILY POLYMER-RELATED OR FILLER-RELATED PHENOMENON?

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadhatai Warasitthinon ◽  
Anne-Caroline Genix ◽  
Michael Sztucki ◽  
Julian Oberdisse ◽  
Christopher G. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Related Phenomenon ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
High Molecular Weight Polymer ◽  
Molecular Weight Polymer ◽  
Payne Effect

ABSTRACT The hysteretic softening at small dynamic strains (Payne effect)—related to the rolling resistance and viscoelastic losses of tires—was studied as a function of particle size, filler volume fraction, and temperature for carbon black (CB) reinforced uncrosslinked styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) and a paste-like material composed of CB-filled paraffin oil. The low-strain limit for dynamic storage modulus was found to be remarkably similar for CB-filled oil and the CB-filled SBR. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements on the simple composites and detailed data analysis confirmed that the aggregate structures and nature of filler branching/networking of carbon black were virtually identical within oil compared to the high molecular weight polymer matrix. The combined dynamic rheology and SAXS results provide clear evidence that the deformation-induced breaking (unjamming) of the filler network—characterized by filler–filler contacts that are percolated throughout the material—is the main cause for the Payne effect. However, the polymer matrix does play a secondary role as demonstrated by a reduction in Payne effect magnitude with increasing temperature for the CB-reinforced rubber, which was not observed to a significant extent for the oil–CB system.

The Application of a New Composite Elastomer Material in Rubber Tracks

2014 ◽  
Vol 881-883 ◽  
pp. 837-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
Hong Ji
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Aging Resistance ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

A new composite elastomer material has been tested, in which natural rubber (NR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) are used as major components, and the high wear resistance carbon black and activity kaolin are introduced as ingredients. This material has been found to be able to enhance the property of grounding part glue and pattern side grounding glue in elastomeric parts. Test show that adding N330 carbon black into NR/SBR systems can significantly improve the strength and wear resistance of the composites. The use of activity kaolin not only improves the blend strength, but also reduce the manufacturing cost. The semi efficient curing system can be adopted by NR/SBR blends to increase the rubber materials property of anti-fatigue and aging resistance.

scholarly journals Insights into the Payne Effect of Carbon Black Filled Styrene-butadiene Rubber Compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
An Zhao ◽  
Xuan-Yu Shi ◽  
Shi-Hao Sun ◽  
Hai-Mo Zhang ◽  
Min Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Payne Effect ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

scholarly journals Itaconate Based Elastomer as a Green Alternative to Styrene–Butadiene Rubber for Engineering Applications: Performance Comparison

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1527
Author(s):  
Liwei Li ◽  
Haijun Ji ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
Liqun Zhang ◽  
Xinxin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

In response to increasingly stringent requirements for the sustainability and environmental friendliness of the rubber industry, the application and development of bio-based elastomers have received extensive attention. In this work, we prepared a new type of bio-based elastomer poly(dibutyl itaconate-butadiene) copolymer (PDBIB) nanocomposite using carbon black and non-petroleum-based silica with a coupling agent. Using dynamic thermodynamic analysis (DMTA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), we studied the effects of feed ratio on dynamic mechanical properties, micro morphology, and filler dispersion of PDBIB composites. Among them, silica-reinforced PDBIB60 (weight ratio of dibutyl itaconate to butadiene 40/60) and carbon black-reinforced PDBIB70 (weight ratio of dibutyl itaconate to butadiene 30/70) both showed excellent performance, such as tensile strength higher than 18 MPa and an elongation break higher than 400%. Compared with the widely used ESBR, the results showed that PDBIB had better rolling resistance and heat generation than ESBR. In addition, considering the development of green tires, we compared it with the solution polymerized styrene–butadiene rubber with better comprehensive performance, and analyzed the advantages of PDBIB and the areas to be improved. In summary, PDBIB prepared from bio-based monomers had superior performance and is of great significance for achieving sustainable development, providing a direction for the development of high-performance green tire and holding great potential to replace petroleum-derived elastomers.

TOWARD REPLACEMENT OF PETROLEUM OILS BY MODIFIED SOYBEAN OILS IN ELASTOMERS

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxi Li ◽  
Avraam I. Isayev ◽  
Xiaofeng Ren ◽  
Mark D. Soucek
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Precipitated Silica ◽  
Modified Soybean Oil ◽  
Tan Δ

ABSTRACT Precipitated silica- and carbon black (CB)-filled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds and vulcanizates containing naphthenic oil (NO), soybean oil (SO), and modified soybean oil (MSO) were studied. Gel fraction; crosslink density; bound rubber fraction; curing behavior; and thermal, mechanical, and dynamic properties were compared. Interaction between SO, MSO, and silane coupling agent was also studied. It was shown that the incorporation of SO and MSO had similar effects in both silica- and CB-filled SBR compounds and vulcanizates. SO and MSO were found to consume curatives leading to a lower crosslink density and improved thermal stability of compounds and vulcanizates. In comparison with NO, MSO was found to increase the elongation at break and tensile strength, and the values of tan δ at 10 °C and 60 °C predict an increase of the wet traction performance and the rolling resistance to decrease the modulus and abrasion resistance. After adjusting the recipe, the modulus and abrasion resistance of the silica- and CB-filled SBR/MSO vulcanizates were tremendously increased, and the silica-filled SBR/MSO vulcanizates exhibited a better wet traction performance, a lower rolling resistance, and a better abrasion resistance simultaneously than the silica-filled SBR/NO vulcanizate.

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