scholarly journals The Impact of Income Inequality on the Level of Community Health and Economic Development in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-83
Author(s):  
Faezeh Ostadi ◽  
Seyed Kamal Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health And Economic Development ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Income Inequality in Vietnam

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Quoc Hoi Le ◽  
Quynh Anh Do ◽  
Hong Chuong Pham ◽  
Thanh Duong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Salary Structure ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Foreign direct investments (FDI) is an important determinant of economic growth. FDI does not only contribute to the growth and economic development but also affects income through contributing to economic development and the impact on employment and salary structure of developing countries. The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of FDI on income inequality in Vietnam. This study is the first attempt to examine the impact of FDI on income inequality under the constraints of the institution and education levels. To address the potential endogeneity problem, this study adopts Genernalized Method of Moment (GMM) model to conduct the estimation. A two-step GMM model with robust standard errors is used in the study. Empirical results show that FDI tends to increase income inequality in Vietnam and the existence of a non-linearity relationship between FDI and income inequality is also validated. Moreover, the study finds that the effects of FDI on income inequality are different depending on the level of education and institutions of the host provinces in Vietnam. The results of this study imply that, in order to ensure sustainable development, Vietnam’s policies should focus on improving the quality of economic governance and the administrative reform efforts of the government of the provinces and cities. Besides, policies should focus on increasing investment in public education and improving human capital, which not only can reduce income inequality but also can attract more FDI inflows.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF INCOME INEQUALITY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN RUSSIAN REGIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Rogneda Vasilyeva ◽  
Oleg Mariev ◽  
Elena Ignatieva ◽  
Alla Serkova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Fixed Capital Investment ◽  
The Impact

Inequality in the distribution of income of the population has a certain impact on different aspects of the economic and socio-cultural development of countries and regions. This inequality arises due to a number of factors as the current nature of the production specialization, the availability of production and economic infrastructure, the achieved level of development of the social sphere, socio-cultural, demographic, and other factors. The main objective of this study is to assess the nature and extent of the impact of income inequality in the Russian regions for the subsequent justification of the directions of socio-economic development. We conducted an econometric analysis of the impact of intraregional income inequality (the Gini coefficient), fixed capital investment per capita, and average per capita consumer spending on one of the main indicators of regional economic growth (GRP) per capita was carried out. The model is based on panel data for the period 2012-2018 for 85 regions of the Russian Federation. The results of the study confirm two of three hypotheses. As prospects for further research, it is proposed to consider the impact of inequality in the distribution of household income on economic growth for different groups of regions, including resource-type regions and regions with a predominance of manufacturing industries, as well as for leading regions and regions with a relatively low level of socio-economic development.

Chasing Disparity: Economic Development Incentives and Income Inequality in the U.S. States

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Jansa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Economic Development Policy ◽  
Economic Development Incentives ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Development Incentives ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Redistributive Effect

Political scientists and policy scholars have traditionally looked at the role of welfare and tax policies in shaping income inequality. Less attention has been paid to the key policy area of economic development. But states spend billions on economic development incentives each year to encourage firms to locate in their state. The few studies that have examined the impact of economic development policy on inequality have found mixed results, and have not considered who shapes and benefits from economic development policy when identifying possible causal mechanisms. I argue that increased incentive spending leads to increased inequality through either a market conditioning effect (incentives disproportionately boost the incomes of top earners prior to taxes) or a redistributive effect (incentives allow wealthy firms, investors, and employees to keep income that would otherwise be taxed and transferred). These mechanisms are tested using data on incentive spending and inequality across the 50 states from 1999 to 2014. The findings demonstrate that incentives increase income inequality via a redistributive effect only. This effect, though, is relatively large, long-lasting, and robust to different measures of incentive spending. Despite using economic development incentives to try to generate greater prosperity, state governments may be inadvertently exacerbating inequality.

scholarly journals AGRO-INDUSTRIAL REGIONS: DYNAMICS OF INCOME, INEQUALITY AND POVERTY

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-117
Author(s):  
A.M. Sergienko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Peripheral Region ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Interregional Differentiation ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
Industrial Regions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

The results of the analysis of long-term dynamics of income, inequality and poverty in Russian agro-industrial regions are presented. The methodological background of the study is described. The specificity of changes in the considered indicators of development of agro-industrial regions against the background of Russia is revealed at different stages of economic development in the 1990s, 2000s and in the current decade. The agro-industrial regions consistently have lower incomes compared to Russia, higher levels of poverty and less significant inequalities. The impact of economic crises on the decline in the purchasing power of incomes and on the increase in poverty of residents in such regions was more noticeable than in Russia as a whole. At the same time, over more than 20 years, poverty has significantly decreased, purchasing power increased, and the regions’ lagging behind in terms of population income and overtaking in terms of poverty has decreased. Conclusions are drawn about the importance of state policy as a driver of positive changes in the dynamics of the population income and poverty in the agro-industrial regions. It is shown how interregional differentiation changed. The “leading” and “outsider” agro-industrial regions are identified at each stage of economic development. There are significant and growing differences between agroindustrial regions in terms of income, inequality and poverty. The influence of the center-periphery factor on the position of regions is revealed. The position of the peripheral region with the least prosperous situation remains stable. The stability of the positions of the peripheral region with the least favorable situation remains. The group of prosperous regions (despite the change in leadership positions) with a more advantageous geographical position is also relatively stable.

Income Inequality within Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-111
Author(s):  
Andy Sumner
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Developing World ◽  
National Income ◽  
Global Inequality ◽  
Seminal Work ◽  
Great Transformation ◽  
The Impact

This chapter addresses the within-country component of global inequality and the impact of deindustrialization on national income inequality. The chapter focuses on the fourth great transformation outlined, specifically the shift to a form of immiserizing growth. This chapter revisits Kuznets’ seminal work and asks what trend might be expected for national inequality during deindustrialization. The chapter makes estimates of the empirical evidence on deindustrialization, tertiarization, and national income inequality in developing countries. The accompanying myth—that if developing countries integrate more and more into GVC world, the process will lead to broad-based economic development—is critiqued. A theoretical exposition to explain the connection between deindustrialization, tertiarization, and rising national income inequality in the developing world is given.

scholarly journals Linkage between Financial Development and Income Inequality in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Sharma ◽  
Suman Dahiya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Monetary And Fiscal Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Financial Development Index

Abstract A sound financial system is a prerequisite for the inclusive and stable development of an economy, especially it plays a key role in dealing with the menace of inequality in income distribution. Economic policies including monetary and fiscal policy framed by the policymakers influence the accessibility to the financial resources by the poor. This study intends to examine the relationship between financial development and income inequality in India over the period 1973 to 2015. To analyze this relationship, the financial development index was constructed using the PCA approach. The study also checks the presence of the Greenwood–Jovanovich (GJ) hypothesis in the Indian economy. In this study, the ARDL Bound testing procedure is followed to assess the impact of financial development on income inequality. Besides financial development, the impact of economic development and government expenditure is also observed. Results confirm the existence of an inverted U-shaped linkage between financial development and income inequality in India, whereas economic development deteriorates the gap between the income of poor and rich. Furthermore, a U-shaped relationship between government expenditure and income inequality is revealed in this study. The findings of this study may provide new insight to the policymakers for framing suitable economic policies to encourage sustainable development in India.

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