Effect of Cinnamic acid on the activity of phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) and tyrosine ammonialyase (TAL) enzymes and some physiological characteristics of tobacco plant (Nicotiana rustica L.) under salinity stress in vitro calture

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-102
Author(s):  
E Mohagheghian ◽  
AA Ehsan Pour
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Nicotiana Rustica ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonialyase

scholarly journals KARAKTERISASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS Bacillus spp. SEBAGAI AGENSIA PENGENDALIAN HAYATI PENYAKIT LINCAT PADA TEMBAKAU TEMANGGUNG

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Triwidodo Arwiyanto ◽  
YMS Maryudani ◽  
Agus Eko Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Lincat disease of tobacco causing severe losses of the product. Control of the disease with any available measure unlikely giving enough control. A number of Bacillus spp. isolates could suppressed the growth of pathogen in vitro and suppressed the development of lincat disease in the field. This article report the characteristics of six isolates of Bacillus spp. (Ba-4, Ba-22, Ba-24, Ba-30, Ba-33, and Ba-41). These isolates proven could suppressed lincat disease in the field. Characterization of the isolates include the morphological, physiological characteristics, and pathogenicity against tobacco plant. The results indicated that the bacterial isolates were belong to the genus Bacillus with the following charactheristics. The bacteria were rod shapes, forming endospore, Gram positive, fermentative, positive reaction in katalase, oksidase, and Voges Proskaeur tests. Negative results were obtained for Methyl Red test, hydrolysis of starch, gelatine, and casein. The present isolates could use citrate and several carbohydrates as carbon sources. Reduce nitrate to nitrite. The isolates could grow in the medium with high osmotic pressure, i.e. could grow in the medium with 7 percent NaCl. The present isolates grew well in the medium with pH of 4.5–10 and could grow in the temperature range of 10–50 °C. According to pathogenicity test, the present isolates were not belong to the plant pathogenic bacteria. The present isolates could suppressed the growth of Ralstonia solanacearum in vitro, and could reduce the egg number of Meloidogyne incognita. According to the physiological characteristics tested, it seem that isolates of Ba-4, Ba-24, Ba-30, dan Ba-33, and Ba-41 having similar charactheristics with Bacillus cereus. The Ba-22 isolate, however, having similar characteristics with B. licheniformis.

scholarly journals A peroxisomal β-oxidative pathway contributes to the formation of C6–C1 aromatic volatiles in poplar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie D Lackus ◽  
Axel Schmidt ◽  
Jonathan Gershenzon ◽  
Tobias G Köllner
Keyword(s):  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Black Cottonwood ◽  
Oxidative Pathway

AbstractBenzenoids (C6–C1 aromatic compounds) play important roles in plant defense and are often produced upon herbivory. Black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) produces a variety of volatile and nonvolatile benzenoids involved in various defense responses. However, their biosynthesis in poplar is mainly unresolved. We showed feeding of the poplar leaf beetle (Chrysomela populi) on P. trichocarpa leaves led to increased emission of the benzenoid volatiles benzaldehyde, benzylalcohol, and benzyl benzoate. The accumulation of salicinoids, a group of nonvolatile phenolic defense glycosides composed in part of benzenoid units, was hardly affected by beetle herbivory. In planta labeling experiments revealed that volatile and nonvolatile poplar benzenoids are produced from cinnamic acid (C6–C3). The biosynthesis of C6–C1 aromatic compounds from cinnamic acid has been described in petunia (Petunia hybrida) flowers where the pathway includes a peroxisomal-localized chain shortening sequence, involving cinnamate-CoA ligase (CNL), cinnamoyl-CoA hydratase/dehydrogenase (CHD), and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (KAT). Sequence and phylogenetic analysis enabled the identification of small CNL, CHD, and KAT gene families in P. trichocarpa. Heterologous expression of the candidate genes in Escherichia coli and characterization of purified proteins in vitro revealed enzymatic activities similar to those described in petunia flowers. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of the CNL subfamily in gray poplar (Populus x canescens) resulted in decreased emission of C6–C1 aromatic volatiles upon herbivory, while constitutively accumulating salicinoids were not affected. This indicates the peroxisomal β-oxidative pathway participates in the formation of volatile benzenoids. The chain shortening steps for salicinoids, however, likely employ an alternative pathway.

scholarly journals Multi-Trait Wheat Rhizobacteria from Calcareous Soil with Biocontrol Activity Promote Plant Growth and Mitigate Salinity Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1588
Author(s):  
Anastasia Venieraki ◽  
Styliani N. Chorianopoulou ◽  
Panagiotis Katinakis ◽  
Dimitris L. Bouranis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Pgp Traits ◽  
Biocontrol Activity ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Microbial Fertilizers

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can be functional microbial fertilizers and/or biological control agents, contributing to an eco-spirit and safe solution for chemical replacement. Therefore, we have isolated rhizospheric arylsulfatase (ARS)-producing bacteria, belonging to Pseudomonas and Bacillus genus, from durum wheat crop grown on calcareous soil. These isolates harbouring plant growth promoting (PGP) traits were further evaluated in vitro for additional PGP traits, including indole compounds production and biocontrol activity against phytopathogens, limiting the group of multi-trait strains to eight. The selected bacterial strains were further evaluated for PGP attributes associated with biofilm formation, compatibility, salt tolerance ability and effect on plant growth. In vitro studies demonstrated that the multi-trait isolates, Bacillus (1.SG.7, 5.SG.3) and Pseudomonas (2.SG.20, 2.C.19) strains, enhanced the lateral roots abundance and shoots biomass, mitigated salinity stress, suggesting the utility of beneficial ARS-producing bacteria as potential microbial fertilizers. Furthermore, in vitro studies demonstrated that compatible combinations of multi-trait isolates, Bacillus sp. 1.SG.7 in a mixture coupled with 5.SG.3, and 2.C.19 with 5.SG.3 belonging to Bacillus and Pseudomonas, respectively, may enhance plant growth as compared to single inoculants.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Drought-Inducible Dehydrin Promoter from Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Hayati Minarsih Iskandar ◽  
Sonny Suhandono ◽  
Jembar Pambudi ◽  
Tati Kristianti ◽  
Riza Arief Putranto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Inducible Promoter ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Gus Reporter ◽  
Transformed Tobacco

Dehydrin (DHN) is known to play an important role in plant response and adaptation to abiotic stresses (drought, high salinity, cold, heat, etc.). Previous research reported the increased expression of DHN in sugarcane stems exposed to drought stress for 15 days which may be controlled by its corresponding stress inducible promoter. The DHN promoter was succesfully isolated from sugarcane variety PSJT 941 (Pr-1DHNSo) and was cloned to pBI121 expression vector fused to a β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene.  The aim of this research was the functional testing of the Pr-1DHNSo promoter through transformation into tobacco plant treated with in vitro drought stress. Genetic transformation of Pr-1DHNSo construct was conducted by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The transformed tobacco was then subjected to drought stress treatment using 40% PEG 6000  for five sequential incubations (0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours). The GUS assay reveal that the transformed tobacco treated with drought stress showed a blue color denoting GUS activity in leaf, stem and root tissues and this expression increased along with the length of the drought treatment. The analysis of gusA gene using real time-qPCR normalized to the L25 reference gene also showed that the expression increased in line with the length of time of drought stress.  The results presented in this study indicated that the Pr-1DHNSo promoter from sugarcane was expressed and induced by drought stress treatment in tobacco.

Effect of Salinity Stress on Shoot Musa acuminata L. Barangan Cultivar in vitro Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-205
Author(s):  
Dikayani . ◽  
Anas . ◽  
Anne Nuraini ◽  
Warid Ali Qosim
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Musa Acuminata

scholarly journals Cinnamic Acid Derivatives and Their Biological Efficacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngonidzashe Ruwizhi ◽  
Blessing Atim Aderibigbe
Keyword(s):  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Aureus Strain ◽  
Cinnamic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Biological Efficacy ◽  
Bioactive Agents ◽  
Acid Functional Group

The role played by cinnamic acid derivatives in treating cancer, bacterial infections, diabetes and neurological disorders, among many, has been reported. Cinnamic acid is obtained from cinnamon bark. Its structure is composed of a benzene ring, an alkene double bond and an acrylic acid functional group making it possible to modify the aforementioned functionalities with a variety of compounds resulting in bioactive agents with enhanced efficacy. The nature of the substituents incorporated into cinnamic acid has been found to play a huge role in either enhancing or decreasing the biological efficacy of the synthesized cinnamic acid derivatives. Some of the derivatives have been reported to be more effective when compared to the standard drugs used to treat chronic or infectious diseases in vitro, thus making them very promising therapeutic agents. Compound 20 displayed potent anti-TB activity, compound 27 exhibited significant antibacterial activity on S. aureus strain of bacteria and compounds with potent antimalarial activity are 35a, 35g, 35i, 36i, and 36b. Furthermore, compounds 43d, 44o, 55g–55p, 59e, 59g displayed potent anticancer activity and compounds 86f–h were active against both hAChE and hBuChE. This review will expound on the recent advances on cinnamic acid derivatives and their biological efficacy.

scholarly journals Effect of Salinity Stress on Growth and Metabolomic Profiling of Cucumis sativus and Solanum lycopersicum

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1626
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Bayoumi Abdel-Farid ◽  
Marwa Radawy Marghany ◽  
Mohamed Mahmoud Rowezek ◽  
Mohamed Gabr Sheded
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Seeds Germination

Seeds germination and seedlings growth of Cucumis sativus and Solanum lycopersicum were monitored in in vitro and in vivo experiments after application of different concentrations of NaCl (25, 50, 100 and 200 mM). Photosynthetic pigments content and the biochemical responses of C. sativus and S. lycopersicum were assessed. Salinity stress slightly delayed the seeds germination rate and significantly reduced the percentage of germination as well as shoot length under the highest salt concentration (200 mM) in cucumber. Furthermore, root length was decreased significantly in all treatments. Whereas, in tomato, a prominent delay in seeds germination rate, the germination percentage and seedlings growth (shoot and root lengths) were significantly influenced under all concentrations of NaCl. Fresh and dry weights were reduced prominently in tomato compared to cucumber. Photosynthetic pigments content was reduced but with pronounced decreasing in tomato compared to cucumber. Secondary metabolites profiling in both plants under stress was varied from tomato to cucumber. The content of saponins, proline and total antioxidant capacity was reduced more prominently in tomato as compared to cucumber. On the other hand, the content of phenolics and flavonoids was increased in both plants with pronounced increase in tomato particularly under the highest level of salinity stress. The metabolomic profiling in stressful plants was significantly influenced by salinity stress and some bioactive secondary metabolites was enhanced in both cucumber and tomato plants. The enhancement of secondary metabolites under salinity stress may explain the tolerance and sensitivity of cucumber and tomato under salinity stress. The metabolomic evaluation combined with multivariate data analysis revealed a similar mechanism of action of plants to mediate stress, with variant level of this response in both plant species. Based on these results, the effect of salinity stress on seeds germination, seedlings growth and metabolomic content of plants was discussed in terms of tolerance and sensitivity of plants to salinity stress.

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