Accessing the Impact of Land Reform on Agricultural Production, the Case of Bone

This paper focuses on the impact of a new rural land reform, the Separation of Three Rights Reform, on changes in China’s agricultural production organizations. We illustrate the impact of market and nonmarket mechanisms on allocating agricultural production factors under the new rural land market transition through a land system and factor allocation model. Based on the expansion paths of different types of factors in the model, we classify the development of Chinese agricultural production entities into “extensional expansion,” “labor-intensive expansion,” “land-intensive expansion,” and “exit of agricultural production.” These agricultural production paths correspond to agricultural enterprises, family farms, agricultural cooperatives, and small farmers’ exit. Further, empirical and economic geography analysis results show that the interaction of market and nonmarket mechanisms is the main drive that induces the current diversified organizations in rural China. Thus, this paper provides a comprehensive explanation of changing patterns of an agricultural production organization under the transition of the rural land market.

Download Full-text

Welfare and Production Efficiency: Two Objectives of Land Reform in Pakistan

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v2i2pp.173-188 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 173-188

Author(s):

Christoph Beringer

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Land Reform ◽

Production Efficiency ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Productive Capacity ◽

Rural People ◽

Policy Measures ◽

Ownership Rights ◽

The Impact

Among the policy measures used by governments of less developed countries in their effort to promote economic development, land reform occupies a place of great importance. In West Pakistan, the area under discussion in this paper, land and tenancy reform laws aimed at changing the existing agrarian structure have been enacted periodically before as well as after partition by the governments of the formerly individual provinces (Punjab, NWFP, Sind)1. In January 1959, shortly after the present government came to power, a land reform law covering the entire province of West Pakistan was passed. It introduced a laige number of reform measures designed to bring about a more equitable distribution of land ownership rights as well as to provide the basis for a gradual increase in the productive capacity of the agricultural sector through appropriate tenancy reforms2. No systematic studies are available which show to what extent and how successfully the earlier laws have been implemented. As regards the law presently in force it might still be too early to try to assess the impact on agricultural production or to determine the number of rural people and agricultural holdings which have been actually affected. Nevertheless, it seems worthwhile to study some of the data on size of holdings and land fragmenta-

Download Full-text

“Land fever” and “Bankruptcy”: Social Problems in Hanoi’s Urbanizing Peri-urban Communities

Tập chí Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn ◽

10.33100/jossh5.5.nguyenthithanhbinh ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 550-562

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Urban Communities ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Social Problems ◽

Social Issues ◽

Field Research ◽

Credit Market ◽

Urbanization Process ◽

Impact Of Urbanization ◽

The Impact

Drawn upon field research in two peri-urban villages of Hanoi in 2014 and short re-visits recently, the research examines the widespread of gambling and other social issues in Hanoi’s urbanizing peri-urban communities which happened concurrently with the phenomenon of “land fever,” and at the time local villagers received compensation from land appropriation. The article aims to understand the impact of urbanization on these communities and the interface between urbanization and the increase of social problems. It argues that gambling, drug use, and other social problems have been existing in Vietnamese rural communities long before; however, when urbanization came, some people have higher chances to engage in these activities. Those are villagers who want to transform quickly into entrepreneurs or bosses by joining the “black credit” market and gambling. Together with middle-aged and old farmers who greatly relied on agricultural production and face difficulties in transforming their occupation, they formed the group of losers in the urbanization process. Received 6th January 2019; Revised 26th April 2019; Accepted 15th May 2019

Download Full-text

LAND REFORM IN SOUTH AFRICA: OBSTINATE SPACIAL DISTORTIONS

Africanus Journal of Development Studies ◽

10.25159/0304-615x/1234 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 20-31

Author(s):

Manala Shadrack Maake

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Social Relations ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Land Reform ◽

Economic Transformation ◽

Land Claims ◽

Tenure Reform ◽

Land Redistribution ◽

Reform Programme ◽

Theoretical Paper

This theoretical paper seeks to make an empirical contribution to the Land Reform discourses. The paper argues that the pace of land redistribution in South Africa is undeniably slow and limits livelihood choices of relatively most intended beneficiaries of land reform programme. The primacy and success of the programme within rural development ought to measured and assessed through ways in which the land reform programmes conforms to and improve the livelihoods, ambitions and goals of the intended beneficiaries without compromising agricultural production and the economy. In addition, paper highlights the slow pace of land reform programme and its implications on socio-economic transformation of South Africa. Subsequently, the paper concludes through demonstrating the need for a radical approach towards land reform without disrupting agricultural production and further to secure support and coordination of spheres of government. The democratic government in South Africa inherited a country which characterized by extreme racial imbalances epitomized through social relations of land and spatial distortions. Non-white South Africans are still feeling the effects of colonial and apartheid legal enactments which sought to segregate ownership of resources on the basis of race in particular. Thus, successive democratic governments have the specific mandate to re-design and improve land reform policies which are targeted to reverse colonially fueled spatial distortions. South Africaâ€™s overall Land Reform programme consists of three key elements and namely are; land redistribution, tenure reform and land restitution. Concomitantly, spatial proponents and researchers have denounced and embraced land reform ideology and its status quo in South Africa. The criticisms overlapped towards both beneficiaries and state due to factors like poor post-settlement support, lack of skills, lack of capital, infighting over land claims and land management.

Download Full-text

The impact of exchange rate on price and export of agricultural production

American Journal of Economics and Business Management ◽

10.31150/ajebm.vol1.iss4.37 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 9-18

Author(s):

Rasulov Tulkin Sattarovich ◽

Khushvaktov Kuvonchbek Ravshanovich

Keyword(s):

International Trade ◽

Exchange Rate ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Global Economy ◽

Agricultural Economics ◽

Agricultural Products ◽

Pivotal Role ◽

Price Formation ◽

International Trade Laws ◽

The Impact

In today’s world of swiftly increasing global economy and continuously changing international trade laws and technology exchange rate plays a pivotal role in the production, price formation, export and import of agricultural products. For many years exchange rate as an integral part of agricultural economics has been ignored. The present study was intended to investigate exchange rate as an impacting factor on the agricultural production. It also considers the researches that have been carried about the impact of the exchange rate on prices and export of agricultural products, theirs analyses and how much impact it has in the situation of Uzbekistan.

Download Full-text

THE IMPACT OF STATE REGULATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ON FOOD SECURITY IN RUSSIA

Economy, labor, management in agriculture ◽

10.33938/188-49 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 49-54

Author(s):

Vladimir Ivanovich Hajduk ◽

S.A. Kalitko ◽

Y.A. Nikiforova ◽

M.G. Paremuzova

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

State Regulation ◽

The Impact

Download Full-text

The impact of land reform on the development of united territorial communities

Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine ◽

10.36818/2071-4653-2020-1-4 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 29-33

Author(s):

Tamara Smovzhenko ◽

Oryslava Korkuna ◽

Ivan Korkuna ◽

Ulyana Khromyak

Keyword(s):

Land Reform ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Public Lands ◽

Living Standards ◽

The Public ◽

Legal Documents ◽

Practical Research ◽

The Impact ◽

Land Code

Nowadays, according to decentralization and current legislation (Land Code of Ukraine, Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine «On Self-Governance»), the public lands have been transferred to the CTCs since 1 February 2018. In 2018/2019, 788 CTCs received communal ownership of 1.68 ha of public lands. According to the Draft Law «On Amendments to Several Legal Documents of Ukraine on Agricultural Lands Turnover», the consolidated territorial communities become the legal entities and can acquire property rights to agricultural land plots. Therefore, transferring the lands to be used by the newly created CTCs is currently an urgent issue that requires extended scientific and practical research. The paper aims to research the role of land reform in Ukraine and its impact on increase of CTCs’ budget revenues. The stages of land reform and the development of the land reform in Ukraine as well as its implementation strategy are outlined. The disparities of the integrated satellite map and the data of the Land Cadaster of Ukraine in terms of unregistered lands are defined. The amount of a CTC budget’s increased revenues due to the reform is estimated. Statistical data on small, medium, and large farmers and their interest in the land reform are analyzed. The terms of selling the land to foreign investors and conditions of participation in land auctions are examined. The mechanisms of land purchase, selling, and lease in line with the land reform are suggested. Generalizing the presented aspects of the land reform in Ukraine and their impact on economic activity of the newly created CTCs, it can be argued that the process is quite positive and necessary for both communities and businesses in order to get additional budget revenues for CTCs. The land reform improves the living standards of Ukrainian people through the disclosure of the country’s agricultural capacity.

Download Full-text

Dynamic Comparison of the Fruit Sector and the Pollution Associated to Agriculture

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.10.6623 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (10) ◽

pp. 2776-2780

Author(s):

Valentina Constanta Tudor ◽

Ionela Mituko Vlad ◽

Diana Zamfir Vasca

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

The Public ◽

Perennial Plants ◽

National Statistics ◽

The Impact

Pollution in agriculture plays a major role. One of the sector affected by this phenomenon is the perennial plants, such as fruits sector. This sector is an important part of agricultural production in Romania, mainly because of the areas that have been dedicated; that is why the sector should be reconsidered because it could be one of the engines of the agriculture. This have to led to important efforts and increased attention in managing the opportunities offered by the development of the associations and producer groups involved. The present paper aims to address certain aspects of the national, macro-regional and European aspects of these fruits productions and the impact of the degree of pollution in agriculture. In this respect, data derived from the public databases dedicated to this field, namely Eurostat, the National Statistics Institute, DG Agriculture / FADN database and the Ministry of Agriculture, were used. The methods used to analyze and interpret the results are descriptive statistics, dynamics and comparisons between target areas and indicators. The results highlighted in the first part of the paper the Romania�s position upon the European average in what concern the fruit sector but also upon a competing country on the fruit market, Poland, which is considered to have a European top position.

Download Full-text

Population - an element of agricultural development in Serbia

Stanovnistvo ◽

10.2298/stnv9904141t ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 37 (1-4) ◽

pp. 141-161

Author(s):

Marina Todorovic ◽

Gordana Vojkovic

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Regional Differences ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Historical Review ◽

Working Population ◽

Theoretical Level ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Agricultural Producer ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

The author begins by discussing the relationship between agriculture and population at a theoretical level, proceeds with a historical review of changes in the role and significance of an individual as agricultural producer, and finally, analyzes population as an element (potentials - limitations) of agricultural development in Serbia. The overall production results, and particularly the propensity to technical and technological innovation, as well as the ability to adapt to the changed conditions are, as we know well, crucially dependent on the structure of the working population. Hence, the author discusses regional differences in agricultural population by age, sex, level of education and productivity to provide a clear illustration of the impact of this element (indicator) on the population as the factor of agricultural production. The results show significant macroregional differences by this element with respect to the average for Serbia.

Download Full-text

Poland

10.1093/oso/9780198801665.003.0013 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Detlef Pollack ◽

Gergely Rosta

Keyword(s):

Catholic Church ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

The State ◽

Religious Culture ◽

Key Factors ◽

Pope John Paul Ii ◽

National Values ◽

The Impact ◽

State Socialist ◽

The Church

The chapter on Poland focuses on two questions. Why, in contrast to all other state-socialist countries, did the church’s capacity for integration actually increase rather than decrease despite persecution and discrimination during the communist period? And why has this capacity also remained more or less constant (albeit to a lesser extent) in the period since the end of communist rule? The authors have identified four key factors in the remarkable resistance of the Polish Catholic Church during the period of communist persecution: the fusion of religious and national values, the specific conflict dynamics of the church’s struggle with the state, the structural conservatism of agricultural production in Poland, and the actions of Pope John Paul II. Explanations for the surprising stability of religiosity in Poland after 1990 point to the behaviour of the Church itself, to the internal pluralization of Catholicism, and to the impact of a homogeneous religious culture.

Download Full-text