scholarly journals Bulaestian /по|ч’естне/ and some Ukrainian and Romanian analogies

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Alexei Romanciuc ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
The South ◽  
Semantic Interference ◽  
Semantic Shift

The tradition (and, the lexeme also) of /по|ч’естнe/ ‘the preliminary gifting to bride and groom in the early stage of wedding’ exists among the Bulaestian Ukrainians. During the /по|ч’естнe/ guests entering the wedding hall come to the small table with wine and jam and/or sweets. They congratulate the bride / groom, throwing small money on the tray (which is denoted as /к’е|датеи на по|ч’естнe/, ‚to throw on pochestne‘), and then they are poured a glass of wine, offered jam or sweets for a snack. The task of the research is to analyze the term /по|ч’естнe/ and its analogues in the Ukrainian and Romanian areas. The analysis has demonstrated that a kind of semantic interference between the words [почесне] and частувати exists in the Carpathian-Ukrainian region. The closest analogies to the Bulaestian /по|ч’естнe/ addresses us to the South-Podolian Ukrainian dialects. The existence of ritual parallels that are structurally close to the Bulaestian почестнэ, and at the same time are denoted semantically (and, in some cases etymologically, like the Romanian cinste,) similar, albeit different, lexemes namely in the Romanian area, suggests that the appearance of the ceremony of почестнэ, as well as the semantic shift in the meaning of this word in the Carpathian-Ukrainian dialects occurred precisely under the Romanian influence.

scholarly journals Behavioral Models of Population Inhabiting the Fortresses in the South of Russia in the 17th century (as Documented in Voronezhsky, Kozlovsky and Tambovsky counties)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-28
Author(s):  
Denis A. Lyapin ◽  
Yuri A. Mizis
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
The South ◽  
Material Wealth ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Archival Source ◽  
Single Mass

The article discusses the process of formation of the main behavioral patterns of the population of the southern counties during the period of the settlement in and development of the South of Russia in the 17th century. The authors analyze the behavior of migrants to the steppe periphery of the country, on the basis of large archival source. An important place in the development of steppe territories was occupied by fortresses, which were military, political and religious centers for the counties. The strong influence of collectivist principles is noted in the article. Particular attention is paid to studying the dynamics of changes in the social environment in the South of Russia, the formation of property stratification, the emergence of individualism. It is argued in the paper that social changes were associated with shifts in the behavioral models of the inhabitants of the fortresses: if at the early stage of its existence the population of the towns consisted of a single mass of the servicemen, then the second half of the 17th century is characterized by a gradual destruction of social cohesion. The behavioral models of servants and townspeople were determined by the desire for personal gain, material wealth, and individual benefits. This was due to the increase in the number and importance of townspeople, whose lives were a constant competition. Discovered shifts of behavioral patterns are indicative of important changes in society.

Standardized Development Planning for Satellite Fields in the South of the Sultanate of Oman

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter in ‘t Panhuis ◽  
Adel El Sabagh ◽  
Hilde Coppes ◽  
John Meyers ◽  
Niels Van der Werff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
The South ◽  
Well Design ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Rule Based Approach ◽  
Petroleum Development

Abstract This article will show how a standardized rule-based approach was used by Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) to shorten the cycle time required to mature the opportunity of implementing waterflood developments in small-to-medium sized satellite oil fields in the South of the Sultanate of Oman. The standardized concept relies on a common development strategy for a portfolio of satellite fields with similar reservoir and fluid characteristics that are still under depletion or in the early stage of waterflood. The targets are early monetization, driving cost efficiency through standardization & replication, and increasing recovery factor through the accelerated implementation of field-wide waterflood. This is achieved by leveraging excess capacity in existing facilities, applying analytical workflows for forecasting, standardizing well design and urban planning, and by applying the learnings and best practices from nearby fields that already have mature developments.

scholarly journals Growing season precipitation in Finland under recent and projected climate

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1563-1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Ylhäisi ◽  
H. Tietäväinen, ◽  
P. Peltonen-Sainio ◽  
A. Venäläinen ◽  
J. Eklund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
The South ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern

Abstract. The past and projected future precipitation sum in May–September for two areas in Finland, one located in the south-west (SW) and the other in the north-east (NE), is studied using 13 regional climate simulations and three observational datasets. The conditions in the present-day climate for agricultural crop production are far more favourable in the south-western part of the country than the more continental north-eastern Finland. Based on a new high-resolution observational precipitation dataset for Finland (FMI_grid), with a resolution of 10×10 km, the only statistically significant past long-term (1908–2008) precipitation tendencies in the two study regions are positive. Differences between FMI_grid and two other observational datasets during 1961–2000 are rather large in the NE, whereas in the SW the datasets agree better. Observational uncertainties stem from the interpolation and sampling errors. The projected increases in precipitation in the early stage of the growing season would be most favourable for agricultural productivity, but the projected increases in August and September might be harmful. Model projections for the future indicate a statistically significant increase in precipitation for most of the growing season by 2100, but the distribution of precipitation within the growing season is not necessarily the most optimal.

Patterns of Breast Cancer Presentation in the United States: Does Geography Matter?

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 545-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Sariego
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Variability ◽  
The South ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Time Of Presentation

Distribution of breast cancer varies widely throughout the United States. The factors that influence this geographic variability have not been completely defined. In addition, though a number of studies look at regional and state-to-state variability, few studies have examined this issue with regard to the nation as a whole. State-specific breast cancer data were available from the American College of Surgeons National Cancer Data Base in a series of Benchmark Reports. These data were reviewed and stratified with regard to: age at the time of presentation, race, and stage at the time of presentation. The data were further collected into regional cohorts that corresponded to the United States Census Bureau regions. Statistical analyses were then performed to identify any linked or related variables. A total of 811,652 patients with breast cancer were reported. There was a statistically significant relationship between stage at the time of presentation and census region. The greatest percentage of early-stage disease was recorded in the Northeast and the lowest in the South. There was no significant association between age at presentation and geographic region, but there was a significant relationship between race and stage. The nonwhite subgroup had a greater percentage of patients presenting with advanced-stage disease. Finally, regions with a larger percentage of nonurban population had a higher percentage of later-stage disease at presentation. A relationship exists between the pattern of breast cancer presentation and geographical location within the United States. The Northeast–with the highest percentage of urban areas and white population–reported the highest percentage of early-stage breast cancer at presentation, suggesting a link between these variables. Conversely, the South–with more rural and nonwhite population–had the highest percentage of later-stage disease. The causal relationships are not clear-cut, however, and the relationship between geography and breast cancer presentation is likely multifactorial. Further analysis is indicated to uncover any link between geographic variability and overall breast cancer treatment and survival.

GEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE GREAT AUSTRALIAN BIGHT

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
R. Smith ◽  
P. Kamerling
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Offshore Area ◽  
North West ◽  
Carbonate Sedimentation ◽  
The North ◽  
Great Australian Bight

Geophysical exploration carried out in the Great Australian Bight since 1966, combined with geological fieldwork in the adjacent land areas, has made it possible to outline the broad geological framework of the area.The "basement" consists of two major units, an offshore extension of the locally metamorphic Cambrian Kanmantoo Group in the south-east and the extension of the West Australian Archaean shield in the north-west. The boundary is thought to follow a trend extending westerly from the Cygnet-Snelling fault zone on Kangaroo Island.In two areas the basement has been downfaulted, thus creating depositional areas for thick sequences of sediments, namely the Elliston trough to the west of Eyre Peninsula and the Duntroon basin, south of Eyre Peninsula and west of Kangaroo Island.The geological setting of the Duntroon basin appears to be comparable with the Otway basin and a Jurassic- Cretaceous age is assumed for the folded sequence of sediments overlying the basement and underlying the Tertiary with angular unconformity. The basin was possibly partially and temporarily closed to the south and open to marine influences from the west.In the Elliston trough the lower part of the section which has low to medium velocity seismic character, is probably Mesozoic, as is evidenced by the Upper Jurassic encountered in its onshore extension. Proterozoic-Cambrian sediments may overlie the basement in the eastern part of the trough. Deformation of the Mesozoic is limited to the mouth of the trough where there is indication of a base- Tertiary unconformity. This trough was probably also open to marine influences to the west.Along the continental margin between the basins and also south of the Eucla basin a thin Mesozoic section, conformably underlying the Tertiary, is probably present, gradually thickening towards the continental slope.In the onshore area Tertiary sedimentation started with local deposition of clastics during the Middle Eocene, which also may have been the case off the Eucla basin, in the Elliston trough and in the Duntroon basin. Carbonate sedimentation took place from the Middle-Upper Eocene onwards, to reach its widest areal extent during the Lower Miocene. A hiatus during the Oligocene may have occurred in the western part of the Bight as is the case in the Eucla basin.Only weak deformation of the Tertiary in the offshore area has been observed. This generally occurs over Mesozoic structures in the Duntroon basin and as draping over topographic basement highs at the mouth of the Elliston trough.No significant hydrocarbon indications are known from the surrounding land areas, but the well-documented bitumen strandings along the coast point to offshore seepages indicating generation of hydrocarbons in the general area.At this stage prospects must be regarded as speculative.although a folded probable Mesozoic sequence forms an objective in the Duntroon basin while prospective Mesozoic-Tertiary section appears to be present in the Elliston trough, where structural evaluation is still at a relatively early stage.

A numerical taxonomy of Orthopteroid insects

1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Blackith ◽  
RM Blackith
Keyword(s):  
Random Sample ◽  
Numerical Taxonomy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Higher Taxa ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Taxonomic Methods ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Orthopteroid Insects

Two numerical taxonomic methods, including one that incorporates phylogenetic ideas and one which has a strictly phenetic approach, were applied to the evaluation of the affinities of the orthopteroid orders of insects. These methods were adapted to the special problems which arise when higher taxa are being compared. A total of 92 characters covering most of the internal and external anatomy served as the basis for the calculations, which indicated that similar diagrams of affinities were obtained, whether or not phylogenetic ideas were incorporated into the analysis. The stability of the pattern of affinities was such that repeating the analysis with a random sample of 30 characters instead of the full set of 92 entrained only trivial differences. Although the characters used in this study were qualitative, the extent to which existing multi- variate theory can be used in evaluating the results is stressed. Australian orthopteroids were mainly used for this experiment. A close relationship between the Australian Morabinae and the South American Proscopiidae was found. This group seems to have split off at an early stage from the stem of the Caelifera, which is distinct from the stem bearing the Ensifera. Another fairly close relationship revealed was that between the Phasmatodea and the Dermaptera. Attempts to reveal inconsistencies in the currently accepted taxonomic groupings suggested that the distinction between blattids and mantids within the Dictyoptera is of less than subordinal rank. The essential homogeneity of the orthopteroid orders is shown by the fact that even the most disparate groups share almost half the 92 characters.

PRODUCT INNOVATION AS THE CAUSE OF EXPORT PROPENSITY IN THE CAUCASUS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FOR ARMENIA, AZERBAIJAN AND GEORGIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 090-100
Author(s):  
Krystian BIGOS ◽  
Krzysztof WACH
Keyword(s):  
Economic Transition ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
General Level ◽  
The South ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Product Innovations ◽  
Southern Caucasus ◽  
Enterprise Survey

Despite the extensiveness and abundance of empirical research in the existing literature, there is no clear view or position with respect to the role of innovation in exporting, especially regarding the heterogeneous impacts of different types of innovations (product, process, organizational and marketing innovations) on exporting. The objective of this article is the empirical verification of innovation as the cause of export propensity in firms from the South Caucasian countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia). The empirical investigation is based on the data collected by the Enterprise Survey (World Bank Microdata), conducted among companies located in the Southern Caucasus. Seven hundred and seventy-six firms were selected through an appropriate procedure, including 279 from Armenia, 236 from Azerbaijan, and 261 from Georgia. Logit regression models were applied to determine the chances of exporting, depending on the type of innovations implemented by each company. The results of binomial logistic regression analysis demonstrate that product innovations play an important role in explaining SMEs’ export propensity in the South Caucasian countries. Moreover, the likelihood of export is seen to be positively related to the share of foreign capital in company structure. The general level of economy innovativeness in the Caucasus is low, but the share of foreign ownership in companies under consideration was relatively high, so the foreign investors probably played a key role in the innovations implemented by local ventures. It is most likely due to Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia going through an early stage in economic transition, in which soft innovations (organizational and marketing innovations) lag behind hard innovations. There is an evident lack of empirical studies of the role of innovation in the development of export in emerging countries, including the South Caucasian countries, and it still remains largely underexplored; therefore, the novelty of this research lies in the exploration of the Caucasian countries as emerging markets.

Form does not follow function, but variation does: the origin and early usage of possessive havegot in English

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-510
Author(s):  
DAVID LORENZ
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Present Perfect ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Early Use ◽  
Semantic Shift ◽  
Functional Motivations ◽  
Semantic Properties

This article investigates the emergence and early use of possessive havegot in English. Two hypotheses about its emergence are tested on historical data (c.1460–1760). One hypothesis is based on communicative functionality, suggesting that got was inserted as a ‘pattern preserver’ to compensate for the increased reduction of have. The other hypothesis invokes the conventionalization of an invited inference, thus a (non-functional) semantic shift which does not immediately serve to support a communicative function. The diachronic evidence is found to support only the latter hypothesis.In the second part the early stage of the variation of have and havegot is investigated (c.1720–50). The results show a strong register difference, but also a division of labour between the variants that can be explained by the syntactic and semantic properties of havegot as having emerged out of a present perfect of get. Thus, the variation is organized in a functionally motivated way.It is concluded that in the development of possessive havegot functional constraints apply to the variation early on, but do not play an evident role in the emergence of the new variant. This suggests that functional motivations are a directing force but not necessarily a driving force in language change.

Image improvement of Late Miocene (Messinian) to Plio-Quaternary units in the Algero-Balearic basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Blondel ◽  
Fadl Raad ◽  
Angelo Camerlenghi ◽  
Johanna Lofi ◽  
Anna Del Ben
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Complex Salt ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Seismic Facies ◽  
Messinian Salinity Crisis ◽  
Transform Fault ◽  
The South ◽  
Seismic Reflection Data ◽  
Multichannel Seismic Data

<p>This study intends to contribute to the understanding of the Mediterranean Salt Giant in the Western Mediterranean, formed about 6 Ma ago during the Messinian Salinity Crisis. It provides reprocessed multichannel seismic reflection data that aim at improving our knowledge of the stratigraphy in the Algero-Balearic deepwater basin and its continental margins, in the absence of lithological information from wells.</p><p>We investigate the seismic expression of the Messinian salinity crisis from the south-east of the Balearic promontory to the central Algero-Balearic abyssal basin and the salt tectonic processes associated to these facies. Here the segmentation of salt structures has been previously described using shallow chirp sonar data, low-resolution vintage multichannel seismic data and high-resolution multi-channel seismic data post-stack migrated with a constant velocity field. The structure of the northern Algero-Balearic basin is controlled by two abrupt fault scarps oriented SW–NE (mainly the Emile Baudot Escarpment transform fault) and WSW-ENE (mainly the Mazarron Escarpment transform fault) emplaced during the basin extension, and later intruded by steep and narrow volcanic ridges of Pleistocene age. It is a good analogue to early stage salt tectonic for older and more complex salt giants in the North Sea or the Gulf of Mexico.</p><p>We reprocessed 2D Kirchhoff PSTM multichannel seismic data acquired by the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale – OGS (SBALDEEP Cruise of 2005 and SALTFLU cruise of 2012; the latter within a Eurofleet cruise) spanning the South-East continental margin of the Balearic islands and the Algero-Balearic basin. The reprocessing was designed for improving the continuity of the reflectors by applying Kirchhoff PSTM using a detailed velocity model, while preserving amplitude information. The objectives are to better apprehend the structural complexity of the area and to retrieve the amplitude variation within the Messinian units, in an attempt to derive the composition of the salt and the pressure regime.</p><p>We present preliminary results where we delineate four different domains based on i) the seismic facies, ii) the amount of salt deformation, iii) the thickness of the overburden and iv) the pre-salt configuration. We try to assess the presence of the Messinian trilogy in the south-eastern continental slope. We attempt to reconstitute the paleo-depositionnal environment of the various depositional units, and the effect of crustal structures and salt tectonic gravity spreading and gliding on their syn to post-depositional evolution. Finally, we search for evidence of fluid circulation within the Messinian and the Plio-Quaternary deposits over the study area.</p>

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