scholarly journals Biochemical changes in Conocarpus species under saline soils of Lal Suhanra National Park, Bahawalpur

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
Amjad Saeed ◽  
Tanveer Hussain ◽  
Anum Choudry ◽  
Muhammad Umair ◽  
Muhammad Altaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
National Park ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Conocarpus Erectus ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Normal Soil ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

In Pakistan, arid and semi-arid areas are more prone to limited rainfall, extensive evapo-transpiration and higher temperatures. For better understandings of current situation, a field experiment was carried out to study the morphological characteristics, biochemical responses and ionic composition of Conocarpus species (Conocarpus erectus and Conocarpus lancifolius) under saline soil conditions in Lal Suhanra National Park, Bahawalpur during 2019-21. Three sites one at normal soil (S.I) and two at different salinity levels (Medium and High Salinity) were observed in order to assess their effect on plant growth and other parameters. The data regarding physiological and biochemical parameters were recorded. Conocarpus lancifolius and Conocarpus erectus has maximum (233) mmol m-2sec-1 and (162) mmol m-2sec-1 stomatal conductance respectively. Maximum transpiration rate (4.57 MMOL M-2S-1) was observed at site-I in case of C. lancifolius, while maximum transpiration rate in case of C. erectus was (2.94 MMOL M-2S-1) at site-I. At control level, maximum photosynthetic rate was measured as (8.76 µmol m-2sec-1) in C. lancifolius and (5.59 µmol m-2sec-1) in case of C. erectus. Conocarpus species; Conocarpus lancifolius and Conocarpus erectus has maximum SOD (13.29 and 19.62) and CAT (16.48 and 42.05), and POD (14.81 and 8.81 U/mg protein) respectively. Maximum values of Na+K+ ratio in leaves (3.08), shoots (5.98) and roots (9.84) were detected at site-I in C. lancifolius. Based on statistically analyzed data, it is revealed that Conocarpus lancifolius can tolerate better salt stress as compared to Conocarpus erectus. Both species of Conocarpus can tolerate salinity up to 40 dSm-1 but growth of Conocarpus erectus is affected more as compared to Conocarpus lancifolius.  

scholarly journals Andrena Florivaga Eversmann , 1852 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Andrenidae) - A New Bee Species of the Genus Andrena in Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Józef Banaszak ◽  
Ewelina Motyka ◽  
Katarzyna Szczepko
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
First Record ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Baikal Lake ◽  
The West ◽  
Central Siberia ◽  
Lake Region ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Pan Traps

Summary The first record of Andrena florivaga Eversmann, 1852 is reported from Poland on the basis of specimens collected in the Kampinos National Park (Mazovian Lowland). Diagnosis, data on localities, biology, and general distribution of the species are provided. One female and five males were caught on a mowed fresh meadow and fallow fields with the use of water pan-traps (Moericke traps), during the 2003 - 2004 time period. The main morphological characteristics distinguishing Andrena florivaga from the very similar Andrena dorsalis Brullé, 1832 species and from the other species of the subgenus Lepidandrena are: in the case of females - the width of facial foveae and colouration of legs, and in the case of males - the length of the first flagellar segment, colouration of clypeus, and pubescence of gonostyles. Andrena florivaga can be found from France in the west, to Central Siberia (Baikal lake region) in the east, and Turkey in the south. Poland is the northernmost locality of the species.

scholarly journals Cekaman Garam NaCl danTeknik Aplikasi Azolla pada Tanaman Padi

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-355
Author(s):  
Fitri Krismiratsih ◽  
Sugeng Winarso ◽  
Slamerto Slamerto
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Application Technique ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Salinity Levels

Efforts to increase production potential can be carried out by extensification in a less productive saline land. Salinity is a major problem in the growth of most plants. Azolla is a plant that is sensitive to salinity, but if it is applied well, it can grow optimally at high salinity levels. The purpose of this study is to obtain an azolla application technique that is effective in increasing the adaptation of rice plants to NaCl saline soil conditions. The experimental design used was Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was the azolla application technique consisted of 3 levels: fresh azolla composted, fresh azolla immersed, and fresh azolla as a ground cover. The second factor was the levels of NaCl salt stress consisted of 4 levels: control DHL 0, 2, 4, and 8 dS m-1. The adaptation ability of rice plants based on variable plants height growth rate, number of tillers, strove dry weight, root dry weight, stomata density, leaf chlorophyll (SPAD), age of flowering, number of paddy grain, and harvest index. The results showed how to test content up to 2 dS m-1 which increased rice growth especially the application of azolla composted. Increasing stress to 4 and 8 dS m-1showed bad effects on vegetative, physiology, and yields of rice components. The stronger of salt stress the higher all plants growth variables except the age of flowering that actually showed the acceleration of flowering. Application of composted azolla can increase the root dry weight and azolla as a ground cover can increase the numbers of paddy grains.   Keywords: azolla, NaCl, rice, stress

scholarly journals Response of in vitro Cultured Palm Oil Seedling Under Saline Condition to Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density

2012 ◽  
pp. 52-64
Author(s):  
Pet Roey Pascual ◽  
Krienkai Mosaleeyanon ◽  
Kanokwan Romyanon ◽  
Chalermpol Kirdmanee
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Pigment Contents ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Oil Palms ◽  
Ambient Co2

Salt stress elicits various physiological and growth responses of oil palm. A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the responses of oil palms cultured in vitro under varying salinity levels (0, 85.5, 171.11, 342.21 and 684.43 mM NaCl) to elevated CO2 (1000 μmol CO2/mol) and PPFD (100±5 μmol m-2s-1) in terms of growth characteristics, pigment contents and photosynthetic abilities. After 14 days of culture, net photosynthetic rate (μmol CO2 m-2s-1) of oil palms across varying salinity levels was 5.33 times higher than those cultured under ambient CO, (380±100 Mmol CO2/mol) and PPFD (50±5 μmol m-2s -1). At increased net photosynthetic rate (elevated CO2 and PPFD), despite having no significant difference in pigment contents (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid) between different CO2 and PPFD levels, dry weight and percent dry matter were 0.26 and 0.11 times higher, respectively, as compared to those cultured under ambient CO2 and PPFD. In the same elevated CO2 and PPFD level, across all salinity levels, stomatal conductance was 0.30 times lower than those cultured under ambient CO2 and PPFD. At reduced stomatal conductance (elevated CO2 and PPFD), transpiration rate was also reduced by 0.30 times. Thus with increased net photosynthetic rate and reduced transpiration rate, water use efficiency was increased by 7.22 times, across all salinity levels, than those cultured at ambient CO2 and PPFD. These were considered essential for NaCl produces iso-osmotic stress.

Landscape-scale heterogeneity in lodgepole pine serotiny

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 897-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Tinker ◽  
William H. Romme ◽  
William W. Hargrove ◽  
Robert H. Gardner ◽  
Monica G. Turner
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Acute Angle ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Postfire Regeneration ◽  
Lodgepole Pines ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Landscape Level

A 1992 study of serotiny in lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) in Yellowstone National Park asked four questions: (i) are there morphological characteristics that can be used to estimate pre-fire proportion of serotinous trees in forests that burned in 1988?; (ii) at what spatial scale does percent serotinous trees vary across the landscape?; (iii) which environmental factors are correlated with serotiny?; and (iv) what is the relationship between prefire serotiny and postfire lodgepole pine seedling density? We first sampled cone characteristics in serotinous and nonserotinous trees along four 2950-m transects in unburned forests, and examined burned trees nearby. Results indicated that asymmetrical cones and an acute angle of cone attachment to the branch were reliable indicators of serotiny even in burned trees. We then sampled nine patches of lodgepole pine forest that had burned in 1988, and varied in size from 1–3600 ha. We sampled serotiny at varying intervals along two perpendicular transects that crossed in the center of each patch. At each sample point, the 12 nearest canopy lodgepole pines were classified as serotinous or nonserotinous. We concluded that the percentage of serotinous trees is most variable at intermediate scales of 1–10 km, and is relatively homogeneous at both fine scales (<1 km) and at very broad scales (tens of kilometers). Percent serotiny was generally more variable and greater at low to middle elevations. Prefire density of serotinous trees was a more important predictor of postfire seedling density than aspect, slope, or soil type. These findings have important implications for landscape-level patterns in postfire regeneration of lodgepole pine.

A new species of Hyalella (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyalellidae) from Itatiaia National Park, Brazil: an epigean freshwater amphipod with troglobiotic traits at 2,200 meters of altitude

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4344 (1) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
STELLA GOMES RODRIGUES ◽  
ANDRÉ R. SENNA ◽  
ADRIANA QUADRA ◽  
ALESSANDRA ANGÉLICA DE PÁDUA BUENO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
National Park ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Brazilian Species ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the freshwater amphipod Hyalella Smith, 1874 is described for the plateau of the Itatiaia National Park, located between the states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. This is the first Brazilian species of Hyalella found at more than 2,200 meters of altitude. The specimens were found in a small stream, buried under rocks, in the higher area of the Park. The main morphological characteristics that differentiate the new species are the extreme reduction of the size of the uropod 3, absence of apical setae on telson, absence of comb-scales on gnatopods 1 and 2, absence of curved seta on inner ramus of uropod 1 and sternal gills tubular on pereonites 3 to 7. The new species presents similarities with some cave species of the genus, apparently being troglophile and that is the process of adaptation to the hypogean habitat. The importance of creating new protected areas for the conservation of Hyalella in Brazil is discussed. 

scholarly journals Phenotypic and Physiological Evaluation of Wheat Genotypes under Non-Saline and Saline Soil Conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-43
Author(s):  
Hamada Amer ◽  
Mohamed Z. Dakroury ◽  
Ibrahim S. El Basyoni ◽  
Hanaa M. Abouzied
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Physiological Evaluation

This study was conducted to assess the effect of soil salinity on leaf area (LA), the number of days to flowering (DF), plant height (PH), and grain yield. Overall, 60 wheat genotypes were used, including 49 CIMMYT elite lines and 11 commercially grown Egyptian wheat cultivars. During two growing seasons (2017 and 2018), the genotypes were grown in non-saline (S0) and saline (S1) soils. A randomized complete block design with three replicates was used in a split-plot arrangement. Salinity levels were randomly assigned to the main plots, while genotypes were randomly assigned to the subplots. The obtained results showed that the saline soil adversely affected the evaluated genotypes. Furthermore, a highly significant effect of genotypes × salinity was observed on grain yield and its attributed traits. Based on salinity indices results, some of the imported wheat genotypes outperformed the Egyptian cultivars in grain yield under salinity stress conditions. The results further indicated that Sakha-93, C-31, and C-40 were the most salt-tolerant genotypes. The best performing line among the CIMMYT lines was C-31, which recorded the highest grain yield under none-saline and saline soil in the two seasons of study.

scholarly journals (119) Celosia argenteaCan Be Produced Using Saline Wastewaters

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1084B-1084
Author(s):  
Christy T. Carter ◽  
Catherine M. Grieve ◽  
James A. Poss
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Sulphate Salts ◽  
Total P

Salinity tolerance of two cultivars of Celosiaargentea (`Chief Rose' and `Chief Gold') was investigated using a completely randomized design with three replications. Seedlings grown in greenhouse sand tanks were exposed to six salinity levels (2.5, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 dS·m–1) and two water ionic compositions mimicking sea water and drainage waters from the Imperial and Coachella valleys. Phenotypic measurements were made when plants were harvested during flowering, and concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, total-S, and total-P were also determined from leaf tissues. Overall, phenotypic measurements (including stem length, stem weight, stem diameter, inflorescence length, inflorescence weight, and number of leaves) tended to decrease as salinity increased, yet stem lengths were still above the minimum stem length recommended for marketability (41 cm). Significant interactions were found for salinity and water ionic composition for all mineral analyses for both cultivars. As salinity increased, Ca2+, K+, and total-P decreased as Mg2+, Na+, and Cl- increased for both cultivars. `Chief Gold' can be produced commercially in either water composition up to 12 dS·m–1. `Chief Rose' can be produced up to 8 dS·m–1 in sea water and 10 dS·m–1 in water ionic compositions similar to those of the Imperial and Coachella valleys. Saline waters dominated by chloride and sulphate salts can be used to produce Celosiaargentea commercially.

scholarly journals Mapeamento do potencial geoclimático da fruticultura do abacaxi na microrregião de Araripina – PE (Climatic potential of pineapple fruit growing mapping in the micro region of Araripina - PE)

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Jadson Freire Silva ◽  
Pedro Santos Ferreira ◽  
Viviane Pedroso Gomes ◽  
Elisabeth Regina Alves Cavalcanti Silva ◽  
Josiclêda Domiciano Galvíncio
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Pineapple Fruit ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Use Efficiency

O Brasil mantém a segunda maior produção de abacaxi do mundo, movimentando bilhões e empregando milhares de pessoas anualmente. Contudo, a abacaxicultura no Nordeste ainda é insipiente, destacando-se principalmente nos estados da Paraíba e Bahia. As características morfológicas da planta apresentam resistência ao clima semiárido, podendo ser produzida nessas áreas sem grandes restrições. Dessa forma, este estudo tem como objetivo mapear a potencialidade, do ponto de vista geoclimático, à produção do abacaxi na microrregião de Araripina, a partir de aspectos físico-naturais e de uso de solo, procurando adequar a cultura do abacaxi à baixa oferta hídrica da região semiárida, de modo a otimizar o uso da água na região. Para tanto uma carta de potencialidade geoclimática foi gerada por meio do cruzamento de informações das cartas de geomorfologia, pedologia, índices pluviométricos anuais e uso e ocupação do solo, também sendo estimada a evapotranspiração da cultura do abacaxi e a necessidade hídrica da cultura na região. Os resultados indicaram que a microrregião de Araripina possui a predominância do grau de potencialidade à abacaxicultura das classes de “muito alta” a “alta”. Sendo a área cultivada na microrregião de aproximadamente 20ha de abacaxi, há uma demanda anual de 343.373m³ num sistema de irrigação por aspersão e de 286.512m³ de água num sistema de microaspersão para suprir as deficiências hídricas dessa cultura. Portanto, a irrigação e o manejo adequado do solo são atributos necessários para o desenvolvimento viável e competitivo da cultura no semiárido.  ABSTRACTBrazil maintains a second world's largest pineapple production, moving billion and employing thousands of people annually. However, the pineapple culture on Northeast is still and incipient, highlighting especially on Paraiba and Bahia states. Morphological characteristics as the plant exhibit resistance at the semi-arid climate and can be produced in these areas no major restricted. Thus, this study aims to map a potentiality, the geoclimatic viewpoint, to pineapple production in the micro region of Araripina, from the physical and natural aspects and land use, looking suit pineapple crop at low water supply semiarid in the region, a mode to optimize the water use in the Region. For both letter geoclimatic potential was generated through information from the letters of crossing geomorphology, soil conditions, rainfall and annual use and land use, also was estimated pineapple crop evapotranspiration and water requirement of the crop in the region. The results indicated that the micro region of Araripina has the predominance of the degree of potential for pineapple culture of class ";very high"; to” high ";. Being cultivated in the micro area of approximately 20ha pineapple, there is an annual demand 343.373m³ a sprinkler irrigation system and 286.512m³ of water in micro sprinkler system to meet the water deficit that culture. Therefore, irrigation and good stewardship of soil properties are required for viable and competitive development of the crop in the semiarid.Keywords: fruit culture, evapotranspiration, irrigation methods, water use efficiency. 

In vivo screening of salinity tolerance in Giant Swamp Taro (Cyrtosperma merkusii)

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Shiwangni Rao ◽  
Mary Taylor ◽  
Anjeela Jokhan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Water Inundation ◽  
Poor Soil ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Selection Of

Giant Swamp Taro (Cyrtosperma merkusii) is a staple food crop in the Pacific, especially in the low lying atoll islands such as Tuvalu and Kiribati. This is owing to its ability to survive under poor soil conditions and harsh environments. However, as a result of the effects of climate change such as sea water inundation and intrusion into the fresh ground water lens, this crop is now under threat. To address this issue an adaption approach was taken whereby, Cyrtosperma merkusii was screened in vivo for salt tolerance. The epistemology followed random selection of two cultivars Ikaraoi and Katutu. These two cultivars were subjected to 0% (0 parts per trillion), 0.5% (5 ppt), 1% (10 ppt), 1.5% (15 ppt) and 2% (20 ppt) of salt in Yates’s advance seedling common potting mix. Both cultivars were able to tolerate salinity levels up-to 5ppt which is significantly more than the salt tolerance in glycophytes of 2.83 ppt. This research provides an insight into the variation of salt tolerance that may exist in C.merkusii gene pool, which can be used to adapt to natural disasters and buffer its impacts.

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