UV Detection and Avoidance of Protein in Basella alba leaf Mucilage Polysaccharide by differential precipitation

2021 ◽  
pp. 3093-3096
Author(s):  
Arvind P ◽  
Priyadarshini S ◽  
Duraiswamy B ◽  
Dhanabal SP ◽  
Ramu G
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Uv Spectrum ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
Basella Alba ◽  
Residual Protein ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Differential Precipitation

Objective: In the aim of refining mucilage polysaccharide extracted from the leaf of Basella alba, extraction and differential precipitation of the protein content was studied. This was attempted by pH adjustment by adding Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and Hydrochloric acid (HCl). Materials and Methods: The presence of residual protein before and after deproteinization in the polysaccharide solution was detected by UV spectrum analysis. The % polysaccharide, % polysaccharide loss, protein concentration and the deproteinization efficiency were studied as comparative indices to evaluate the precipitation experimental conditions using pH adjustment. Results: The result showed that 10% w/v TCA precipitated over 80% of the protein when the pH of the aqueous polysaccharide solution was 3. Discussion: TCA was proved to be superior to hydrochloric acid as evidenced by the highest deproteinization efficiency (83.3%). The polysaccharides of all the extracted solutions obtained were identified with only slight variations in percentage. The Hcl method excelled over the TCA method in obtaining polysaccharides with little lower percentage of polysaccharide loss (13.94 %). Conclusion: The TCA method will offer a room for deproteinization of polysaccharides if optimization is studied.

THE USE OF POLYSTYRENE–ALLERGEN CONJUGATES FOR THE REMOVAL OF ANTIBODIES FROM SERA OF ALLERGIC INDIVIDUALS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1249-1253
Author(s):  
L. Gyenes ◽  
A. H. Sehon
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Before And After

Polystyrene–ragweed conjugates were shown to remove specifically antibodies from sera of individuals allergic to ragweed. This observation is considered evidence that firm combination occurs in vitro between allergic antibodies and the homologous allergens. Comparative analyses of allergic sera before and after exposure to immunosorbents indicated that complete removal of skin-sensitizing, blocking, and hemagglutinating antibodies did not result in a measurable decrease in protein concentration, thus demonstrating that these factors are present only in minute amounts.Attempts to eîute allergic antibodies from the homologous immunosorbents under various experimental conditions did not lead to their recovery in significant yields; these antibodies could be recovered in small amounts by dissociation with hydrochloric acid at pH 3.

THE USE OF POLYSTYRENE–ALLERGEN CONJUGATES FOR THE REMOVAL OF ANTIBODIES FROM SERA OF ALLERGIC INDIVIDUALS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1249-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Gyenes ◽  
A. H. Sehon
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Before And After

Polystyrene–ragweed conjugates were shown to remove specifically antibodies from sera of individuals allergic to ragweed. This observation is considered evidence that firm combination occurs in vitro between allergic antibodies and the homologous allergens. Comparative analyses of allergic sera before and after exposure to immunosorbents indicated that complete removal of skin-sensitizing, blocking, and hemagglutinating antibodies did not result in a measurable decrease in protein concentration, thus demonstrating that these factors are present only in minute amounts.Attempts to eîute allergic antibodies from the homologous immunosorbents under various experimental conditions did not lead to their recovery in significant yields; these antibodies could be recovered in small amounts by dissociation with hydrochloric acid at pH 3.

scholarly journals Adsorption Studies on Magnetic Nanoparticles Functionalized with Silver to Remove Nitrates from Waters

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1757
Author(s):  
Yesica Vicente-Martínez ◽  
Manuel Caravaca ◽  
Antonio Soto-Meca ◽  
Miguel Ángel Martín-Pereira ◽  
María del Carmen García-Onsurbe
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Dependent Behavior ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Interference Studies

This paper presents a novel procedure for the treatment of contaminated water with high concentrations of nitrates, which are considered as one of the main causes of the eutrophication phenomena. For this purpose, magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with silver (Fe3O4@AgNPs) were synthesized and used as an adsorbent of nitrates. Experimental conditions, including the pH, adsorbent and adsorbate dose, temperature and contact time, were analyzed to obtain the highest adsorption efficiency for different concentration of nitrates in water. A maximum removal efficiency of 100% was reached for 2, 5, 10 and 50 mg/L of nitrate at pH = 5, room temperature, and 50, 100, 250 and 500 µL of Fe3O4@AgNPs, respectively. The characterization of the adsorbent, before and after adsorption, was performed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Nitrates can be desorbed, and the adsorbent can be reused using 500 µL of NaOH solution 0.01 M, remaining unchanged for the first three cycles, and exhibiting 90% adsorption efficiency after three regenerations. A deep study on equilibrium isotherms reveals a pH-dependent behavior, characterized by Langmuir and Freundlich models at pH = 5 and pH = 1, respectively. Thermodynamic studies were consistent with physicochemical adsorption for all experiments but showed a change from endothermic to exothermic behavior as the temperature increases. Interference studies of other ions commonly present in water were carried out, enabling this procedure as very selective for nitrate ions. In addition, the method was applied to real samples of seawater, showing its ability to eliminate the total nitrate content in eutrophized waters.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Water Selective Dense Membrane under an Absolute Pressure Difference with Simplified Test Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1710
Author(s):  
Jinwook Lee ◽  
Hyo-Sun Kim ◽  
Donik Ku ◽  
Jihun Lim ◽  
Minkyu Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Absolute Pressure ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Performance Factors ◽  
Dense Membrane ◽  
Before And After

Membrane-based vacuum dehumidification technology is currently being actively studied. In most studies, the performance of the membrane-based systems is evaluated under the assumption that the membrane can achieve ideal separation, which results in ideal coefficient of performance (COP) values. However, the performance factors for membranes vary depending on the experimental conditions and measurement methods. Therefore, relevant values can only be calculated if the data are measured in an environment close to that of the application conditions. The cup measurement method is a simple method to measure the permeability, however, there are limitations regarding adding variables during the experiment. To overcome these limitations, a new experimental device was constructed that combines pressurized cell with the cup method. Using the device, the performance of polyethylene-amide-bonded dense membranes was evaluated under conditions where absolute pressure differentials occurred before and after the membrane, such as in air conditioner dehumidification systems.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and structural characteristics of HEU-type zeolitic tuff treated by hydrochloric acid

2004 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Radosavljevic-Mihajlovic ◽  
Vera Dondur ◽  
Aleksandra Dakovic ◽  
Jovan Lemic ◽  
Magdalena Tomasevic-Canovic
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Zeolitic Tuff ◽  
Zeolitic Tuffs ◽  
Before And After

Samples of natural HEU-type zeolites ? clinoptilolite-Ca, from the Novakovici deposit (near Prijedor, Bosnia and Herzegovina) were treated with the hydrochloric acid of various concentrations (from 10-3Mto 2M). Zeolitic tuffs before and after the acid treatment were examined using IR, XRPD, and chemical analyses. The changes in the crystal structure of acid treated samples showed a significant reduction in the crystallinity of zeolitic tuffs (60?70 %), which were effected by hydrochloric acid with concentrations of 1 M and above.

Caffeine counteracts the ergogenic action of muscle creatine loading

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 452-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Vandenberghe ◽  
N. Gillis ◽  
M. Van Leemputte ◽  
P. Van Hecke ◽  
F. Vanstapel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Exercise Fatigue ◽  
Voluntary Contractions

This study aimed to compare the effects of oral creatine (Cr) supplementation with creatine supplementation in combination with caffeine (Cr+C) on muscle phosphocreatine (PCr) level and performance in healthy male volunteers (n = 9). Before and after 6 days of placebo, Cr (0.5 g x kg-1 x day-1), or Cr (0.5 g x kg-1 x day-1) + C (5 mg x kg-1 x day-1) supplementation, 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the gastrocnemius muscle and a maximal intermittent exercise fatigue test of the knee extensors on an isokinetic dynamometer were performed. The exercise consisted of three consecutive maximal isometric contractions and three interval series of 90, 80, and 50 maximal voluntary contractions performed with a rest interval of 2 min between the series. Muscle ATP concentration remained constant over the three experimental conditions. Cr and Cr+C increased (P < 0.05) muscle PCr concentration by 4-6%. Dynamic torque production, however, was increased by 10-23% (P < 0.05) by Cr but was not changed by Cr+C. Torque improvement during Cr was most prominent immediately after the 2-min rest between the exercise bouts. The data show that Cr supplementation elevates muscle PCr concentration and markedly improves performance during intense intermittent exercise. This ergogenic effect, however, is completely eliminated by caffeine intake.

scholarly journals Running velocity at the ventilatory threshold and at VO2max, before and after the eight-week cardiovascular endurance training

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Stanimir Stojiljkovic ◽  
Sanja Mazic ◽  
Dejan Nesic ◽  
Sasko Velkovski ◽  
Dusan Mitrovic
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cardiovascular Endurance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Test Velocity ◽  
Male Subjects

Introduction The purpose of this research was to compare changes in running velocity at ventilatory threshold with the veliocity at VO2max, before and after the eight-week exercise program. Material and methods 32 male subjects (age: 22.3? 2.5 years, height: 179.8? 7.6 cm, body mass: 76.8? 9.0 kg) performed a progressive test for ventilatory threshold (VT) measurement and VO2max on treadmill. After 8 weeks of endurance training (3 times per week, 30 to 70 min, in different zones in respect to the ventilatory threshold) the performed the same test. Results Running velocity at ventilatory threshold increased significantly (p=0.000I), between initial and final measurements (10.88?2.09, 12.94? 1.90 km/h, respectively): as well as at VO2max H4.63?1.86, 16.44?1.59 km/h, respectively). At the initial test, velocity at ventilatory threshold was 74.11% of VO2max. At the final test, velocity at ventilatory threshold was 78.43% of VO2max. Running velocity at ventilatory threshold has significantly increased at final test (p=0.001). Discussion Running velocity at ventilatory threshold has significantly increased after eight weeks of endurance training (p -0.001), when expressed in absolute values and percentage of velocity at vo2max. Conclusion Comparison between the initial and final test demonstrated a significant increase of observed variables, under experimental conditions: at final test running velocity has increased at ventilatory threshold, in respect to absolute values and expressed as percentage at VO2max. .

scholarly journals ADSORPTION OF PHOSPHATE IONS ON RED SLUDGE

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Svetlana M. Kramer ◽  
Mariya V. Terekhova ◽  
Inna V. Artamonova
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Phosphate Ions ◽  
Frumkin’S Isotherm ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Red Sludge

In work the possibility of red sludge (waste of aluminum production by Bayer's method) to adsorb phosphate ions from water solutions at various concentration of ions and in the pH range from 3 to 10 is studied. Relevance of use of red sludge for receiving on its basis of sorbents is reasoned. For identification of the studied object the qualitative and quantitative composition of red sludge was established by the method of the X-ray phase analysis. The technique of red slage activation by hydrochloric acid, and also an adsorption technique of phosphate ions on the red sludge surface is described. Experimental studies of adsorption of phosphate ions on the surface of the red slage activated by hydrochloric acid depending on рН and concentration of initial solution were conducted. The dependence of adsorption phosphate ions on the red slage activated by НСl on рН and on the initial concentration of phosphate ions in solution is presented. These dependences of a relative fraction of distribution of various ions of phosphoric acid on рН are given in work. The form of ion phosphate having the greatest adsorptive activity on the red slage activated by hydrochloric acid in experimental conditions is revealed. Experimental data on dependence of adsorption of phosphate ions on their initial concentration in solution are described by Frumkin's isotherm. The constant of the adsorptive balance, limit adsorption, the parameter of intermolecular interaction of the adsorbed particles are calculated. Optimum conditions for adsorption of phosphate ions on red slage are established.Forcitation:Kramer S.M., Terekhova M.V., Artamonova I.V. Adsorption of phosphate ions on red sludge. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 8. P. 80-83.

Combustion Synthesis and Infrared Characterization of TiB2

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-603 ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
Su Li ◽  
Jun Shou Li ◽  
Fang Zhao ◽  
Ming Yuan Wang ◽  
Xiao Juan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Wave Band ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
High Temperature Synthesis ◽  
Hexagonal Shape ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Middle Infrared

On the basis of magnesiothermy, with Mg powder, TiO2 powder and B2O3 powder as mixed reactants, relatively pure TiB2 powder was prepared by self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) after leached in diluted hydrochloric acid with the suitable concentration. The product after leached was examined by XRD for qualitative and quantitative analysis, SEM for morphology analysis and infrared spectroscopy for transmittance analysis. It was found that diluted hydrochloric acid could decrease most of the impurities, and the proportion of TiB2 phase in the product is more than 99%, which was hexagonal shape crystal with the grain size of 200-300 nm. Compare with the infrared spectrogram of the middle infrared spectral region of the product of before and after acid pickling, it was found that the transmittance of TiB2 is extremely low in the range of 2000-4000 cm-1, which can be excellent infrared absorption material in the corresponding wave band.

The content of nitric oxide and S-nitrosothiols in rats’ liver cells under the different supplementation of macronutrient

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-195
Author(s):  
Halyna Kopylchuk ◽  
Ivanna Nykolaichuk ◽  
Olesiia Kuziak
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rat Liver Cells ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Excessive Consumption

This paper presents studies of nitric oxide and low-molecular S-nitrosothiols in the mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions of the rats' liver under the conditions of, alimentary protein deprivation, consumption of excess sucrose content and combined action of two adverse factors. In order to model the low-protein diet of the animal for 28 days received an isocaloric diet containing 4.7% protein, 10% fat, 81,3% carbohydrates (starch – 37%, sucrose – 30%, cellulose – 5%) and was calculated in accordance with the recommendations of the American Institute of Nutrition. The high-sugar diet consisted of 14% protein, 10% fat, 72% carbohydrates (starch – 37%, sucrose – 30%, cellulose – 5%). The mitochondrial and cytosolic fraction of rat liver cells were obtained by the method of differential centrifugation. Nitrogen oxide content was assessed by a unified method by determining the NO2- content, which is a stable metabolite of nitric oxide. Since NO is inactivated into an oxidase reaction with the conversion into nitrite or nitrate that is quickly metabolized, the nitrogen oxide content was assessed by the change in NO2-. The concentration of S-nitrosothiols was recorded, respectively, by determining the concentration of nitrite anion before and after the addition of Hg2+ ions, which by modifying the S – N bonds catalyzes the release of S-nitrosyl thiols of nitric oxide. An increase in NO content in both hepatic subcellular fractions of the rats’ experimental groups compared to control values was found. However, a lack of protein in the diet (protein deficiency in the diet leads to an increase in nitric oxide levels in 3-4 times) can be considered as a key factor in the recorded changes in the mitochondria of the animals’ liver, while in the cytosol - excessive consumption of sucrose (3-5 times increase). Regarding the level of S-nitrosothiols, in the studied fractions, multidirectional changes in their concentration were found. Thus, an increase in the content of nitrosyl derivatives in the mitochondria of rat’s liver cells with a simultaneous decrease in their level in the cytosol indicates dysmetabolic disorders in the transport system and deposition of nitric oxide, which can lead to the development of nitrosative stress under the experimental conditions.

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