Evaluation of Cancer Bio-markers through Hyphenated Analytical Techniques

2021 ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
Ch. Prudhvi Raju ◽  
G. Raveendra Babu ◽  
Sowjanya M. ◽  
Ramayyappa M.
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Selective Detection ◽  
Hyphenated Techniques ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Current Availability ◽  
Productive Research

Background: The accurate and efficient diagnosis at the early stages of cancers is the key feature for effective treatment and productive research for finding out news to types of cancers. It is essentially true for cancers, where there is no effective cure, but only one treatment is available. But most people have a combination of treatments, such as surgery with chemotherapy or radiation therapy or immunotherapy or targeted therapy or hormone therapy.Cancers symptoms of abnormal periods or pelvic pain, changes in bathroom habits, bloating, breast changes, chronic coughing, chronic headache, difficulty swallowing, excessing bruising. Despite the fact of having great need, the current availability of diagnostic tests is unable to diagnose different forms of cancers. Aim: The aim of the review is to explore the application of GC-MS, LC-MS and UP-LC/Q-TOF MS for the evaluation of changes in the biochemical composition of blood serum, urine and saliva. The power of high differentiation method will promote the translation of hyphenated techniques from a laboratory to clinical useful tool. Determination of biochemical information derives from hyphenated techniques from blood, serum, saliva and urine that will yield accurate and selective detection of cancer disorders. They will also provide diagnostic and prognostic indicators and will also play a significant role in the development of personalized medicine. Conclusion: Hyphenated techniques will allow differentiating blood serum, saliva and urine samples of common cancer disorders from normal control patients with sensitivity and specificity.

scholarly journals A Brief Review of Analytical Methods for the Estimation of Allopurinol in Pharmaceutical Formulation and Biological Matrices

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hemraj Sharma ◽  
Hari Prasad Sapkota ◽  
Nim Bahadur Dangi
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Analytical Investigation ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Hyphenated Techniques ◽  
Biological Matrices ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
Uv Visible

This review article represents the collection and discussion of various analytical methods available in the literature for the determination of allopurinol (ALLP) in pharmaceutical and biological samples consisting of HPLC, UV-visible method, near-IR spectroscopy, spectrofluorometry, capillary electrophoresis, polarography, voltammetry, and hyphenated techniques such as LC-MS, LC-MS/MS, UPLC-MS/MS, and GC-MS. The anticipated review provides details about the comparative utilization of various analytical techniques for the determination of ALLP. The present review article can be effectively explored to conduct future analytical investigation for the estimation of ALLP.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Changing Bioregulators and Organic Acids in the Serum of Blood and Amniothic Fluid of Women with Spontaneous Preterm Labor

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina I. Krukier ◽  
Valeriya V. Avrutskaya ◽  
Marina A. Levkovich ◽  
Elena V. Narezhnaya ◽  
Georgiy V. Smolyaninov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Control Group

Background: Premature birth is currently a serious problem for obstetrician-gynecologists. Most researcher consider this problem from the standpoint of metabolome disturbances.Aims: determination of the level of bioactive regulators and organic acids with physiological and complicated pregnancy, ending in timely and spontaneous preterm labor, in blood serum and amniotic fluid and revealing the presence of their relationship for the development of premature birth and the condition of newborns.Materials and methods: 72 women were examined, 40 of them with a physiological pregnancy (control group) and 32 with premature labor (the main group). All studies were carried out in the blood serum and amniotic fluid of women of these groups. The content of TGFβ was determined by the method of solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. Identification and quantitative determination of citric and succinic acids were carried out by the method of capillary electrophoresis.Results: TNFα production in the blood serum of women with preterm labor, decreased by 38%, and the level of citric and succinic acids by 33 and 30%, respectively, compared with the control group. In the amniotic fluid the level of TNFα was increased 2.5 times and TGFβ ― 2.2 times, citric acid ― 79%.Conclusions: The revealed imbalance in the level of cytokines and organic acids studied in that biological fluids can evidently affect the fetal condition, which can be considered as possible markers of perinatal injuries and prognostic indicators of the state of the newborn.

Polarographic study of hydrolysis of [8-lysine]vasopressin and its derivatives with blood serum of pregnant women

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1099-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikuláš Chavko ◽  
Michal Bartík ◽  
Evžen Kasafírek
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Polarographic Study ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Lysine Vasopressin ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Vasopressin Analogues

A polarographic study of the hydrolysis of [8-lysine]vasopressin and some hormonogens of the vasopressin series with the blood serum of women in the last week of pregnancy was studied. The dependence of hydrolysis on pH (pH optimum: 7.4-7.50, substrate concentration (Km 1.2 . 10-5M), pH stability and thermal stability were determined. The rate of hydrolysis of individual vasopressin analogues decreases in the order: [8-lysine]vasopressin > Nα-glycyl-prolyl[8-lysine]-vasopressin > Nα-leucyl-[8-lysine]vasopressin > Nα-alanyl-[8-lysine]vasopressin > Nα-phenyl alanyl-[8-lysine]vasopressin > Nα-diglycyl-[8-lysine]vasopressin > Nα-prolyl-[8-lysine]vasopressin > Nα-triglycyl-[8-lysine]vasopressin > Nα-sarcosyl-glycyl-[8-lysine]vasopressin. The degree of hydrolysis gradually increases to a multiple with the length of the pregnancy in consequence of the presence of oxytocine. However, vasopressin is also hydrolysed to a small extent with the enzymes from the blood sera of non-pregnant women. Under similar analytical conditions oxytocin was not hydrolysed with the sera of non-pregnant women and therefore oxytocin is a more suitable substrate than vasopressin for polarographic determination of serum oxytocinase.

scholarly journals Electroanalytical Techniques for the Detection of Selenium as a Biologically and Environmentally Significant Analyte—A Short Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1768
Author(s):  
Miroslav Rievaj ◽  
Eva Culková ◽  
Damiána Šandorová ◽  
Zuzana Lukáčová-Chomisteková ◽  
Renata Bellová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Electroanalytical Methods ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Speed Of Analysis

This short review deals with the properties and significance of the determination of selenium, which is in trace amounts an essential element for animals and humans, but toxic at high concentrations. It may cause oxidative stress in cells, which leads to the chronic disease called selenosis. Several analytical techniques have been developed for its detection, but electroanalytical methods are advantageous due to simple sample preparation, speed of analysis and high sensitivity of measurements, especially in the case of stripping voltammetry very low detection limits even in picomoles per liter can be reached. A variety of working electrodes based on mercury, carbon, silver, platinum and gold materials were applied to the analysis of selenium in various samples. Only selenium in oxidation state + IV is electroactive therefore the most of voltammetric determinations are devoted to it. However, it is possible to detect also other forms of selenium by indirect electrochemistry approach.

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