scholarly journals Penentuan Acid Value pada Fatty Acid dengan Metode Titrasi Alkalimetri dan Kromatografi Gas

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Syafrinal Syafrinal ◽  
Renastio Renastio
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil

PT X processes crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) into products such as glycerin, fatty acid, and fatty alcohol. The purpose of this study was to determine the acid value of fatty acid using alkalimetry titration methods and gas chromatography and compare the values obtained with the PT X standard. The results showed that the AV 105 E21 and 105 E22 were following the PT X standard, with ranges respectively 355-365 mg KOH/gr and 268-275 mg KOH /gr. This indicates that the fatty acid samples produced can be sold to consumers.

scholarly journals The Potential of Some Non-Conventional Vegetable Oils in Biodiesel Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3919-3929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolanle S. Adekunle ◽  
John A.O. Oyekunle ◽  
Basirat A. Tijani ◽  
WasiuO. Makinde ◽  
Olaoluwa R. Obisesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pour Point ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Smoke Point ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Blend ◽  
Conventional Oils

This work studied the potentials of some non-conventional oils biodiesel as an alternative to biodiesel made from a conventional seed oil (palm kernel oil), and petroleum-based diesel. The fruits of three non-conventional oilseeds, namely:PerseaAmericana (Avocado pear), Irvingiagabonenses (Dica nut) and Darcryodesedulis (Native pear)were obtained from local markets in Ile-Ife, Osun State Nigeria while petroleum-based diesel (PBD) used for comparative study was obtained commercially.The outer fleshylayers of the fruitswere separated from the seeds while both were air-dried for some days and later milled. The oils extracted from the milled samples were esterified to produce biodiesel usingmethanol in the presence of NaOH as catalyst. The biodiesels were analyzed for their fuel properties using standard methods.Results showed that the biodiesel yield ofIrvingiagabonensisoil diesel (IGOD),Darcryodesedulisoil diesel (DEOD) and Persia americanaoil diesel (PAOD) were94%, 82% and 96% respectively. These values compared favourably with that of palm kernel oil diesel (PKOD) (91%) produced under same conditions, and with the literature standard yield of 96.5% set for biodiesel. The pour pointsof PKOD, PAOD and DEOD were3, -6 and 1oC,respectively, with PAOD pour point very close to that of PBD (≥-10oC) obtained under similar experimental conditions. Except for IGOD, all the oils have pour points within the standard range of -15 to 16oC set for biodiesel suggesting the suitability of the oils for biodiesel applications.The iodine values of the biodiesel ranged between 9.64 and 16.52 meq/kg and agreed closely with 12-18 meq/kg reported in literature for PKOD. The biodiesel blend with PBD in the ratio 10:90, 20:80, 30:70 and 40:60 demonstratedimprovedphysico-chemical properties (including smoke point, flash point, cloud point, pour point, density, viscosity and acid value) that could meet the fluidity requirements for biodiesel applications.

scholarly journals Quality Parameters of Palm Olein, Palm Kernel Oil and its Blends Subjected to Thermal Stress using Photometric Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. B. Imoisi ◽  
M. E. Ukhun ◽  
E. E. Ikpe
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Totox Value

There is no much information regarding the partial replacement of palm olein with palm kernel oil. Palm olein mixed with palm kernel oil is commonly sold in Nigeria market today without proper blending and without determination of their suitability to consumer also ignorant of what ratio to be blended. Therefore, blends of palm olein (POL) and palm kernel oil (PKO) were formulated to assess their stability under elevated temperature using a fast, simple and reliable CDR palm oil tester photometric technology. The results were then compared with those obtained in POL. The blends studied were to investigate the effects of palm kernel oil partial replacement on the chemical stability of palm olein. the blends as partial replacement were missed in the ratio of PKO:POL(100:0), PKO:POL(80:20), PKO:POL(60:40) and POL:PKO(100:0), POL:PKO(80:20), POL:PKO(60:40). The POL, PKO and its blends were heated at 100, 150 and 200ᵒC. The time of heating were 20, 40 and 60mins respectively, making a total of 1 hour for heating without any frying operations. The physicochemical properties of the oil samples were fatty acid composition, free fatty acid, peroxide value, iodine value, anisidine value, cloud point, colour, melting point, viscosity and totox value were evaluated over heating time. Blending palm olein (POL) unsaturated oils with saturated (PKO) generally improved the parameters comparable to those demonstrated in palm olein (POL) and palm kernel oil alone. The result showed that as PKO was increased the concentration of saturated fatty acid also increased while unsaturated fatty acid decreased. Saturated oils were generally more stable to oxidation and less sensitive to thermal stress. Increase in the amount of PKO lead to reduction in FFA.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical Characterization of Palm Kernel Oil Extracted from the Seeds of Two Varieties of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) for Possible Use in Feed or Food

2019 ◽  
pp. 341-353
Author(s):  
Yapi Amin Paulin ◽  
Kouadio Ahou Irène
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Codex Alimentarius ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil

This study was carried out in order to assess the quality of the type of palm kernel oil suitable for the alternative in animal oil in feed or food. To reach this objective, oil D and oil T extracted respectively from the seeds of the varieties Dura and Tenera of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) by the Soxhlet method using hexane as a solvent were analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics. The results obtained show that the values for the physical parameters (Oil yield, density and percentage of impurities) of both oils were similar and fell in those of the standards of Codex Alimentarius 2015. However, for the chemical parameters (Acid value, percentage of free fatty acids, peroxide value, saponification value and ester value), the values obtained for oil D were the highest, but for both oils, the values were above those recommended by the standards of Codex Alimentarius 2015, excepted the Saponification values and the Ester values which were below these standards. The determination of fatty acids composition by Gas Chromatography showed that these oils were not significantly different. Indeed, the totals saturated fatty acids were in amounts of 87.92% ± 0.17 and 87.53% ± 0.24, while the totals unsaturated fatty acids were in amounts of 12.08% ± 0.02 and 12.47% ± 0.02 respectively for oil D and oil T. The predominant fatty acid was lauric acid in amounts of 36.87% and 37.84% respectively for oil D and oil T. Thus, these palm kernel oils could be used as ingredients and preservatives in feed due to their content in lauric acid which is known to possess antimicrobial properties and also to their content in unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic acids) which are an indicator of oil quality. However, oil T seems to be more suitable for the alternative in animal oil in feed due to its percentage of free fatty acid which is less than that of oil D.

scholarly journals Composition of Fatty Acid and Identification of Lauric Acid Position in Coconut and Palm Kernel Oils

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jansen Silalahi ◽  
Lida Karo Karo ◽  
Siti Morin Sinaga ◽  
Yosy Cinthya Eriwaty Silalahi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil

The nutritional value and biochemical properties of oil are measured by the fatty acids composition  in oil and the position of fatty acids (sn-1,2,3) in the triacylglycerol (TAG) molecule. The purpose of this study was to measure the nutritional value based on the fatty acids composition of  virgin coconut oil (VCO) and palm kernel oil (PKO), and the position of lauric acid in sn-2. The VCO used was VCO obtained from one of the Pharmacies store in Medan, and PKO from the Oil Processing Plant. The total fatty acid composition was measured by Gas Chromatography. The nutritional value of fat was evaluated by the percentage deviation from 33.33% (ratio: 1: 1: 1) of each group of fatty acid (saturated fatty acids; SFA: monounsaturated fatty acids; MUFA:polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). The distribution of lauric acid in TAG was conducted through hydrolysis by using specific lipase enzymes active at sn-1,3 positions, so that free fatty acids and 2-monoacylglycerol were produced from one TAG molecule. Then free fatty acids were determined by Gas Chromatography. The distribution of lauric acid at sn-2 position was the difference between total lauric acid on TAG before hydrolysis and free lauric acid from sn-1.3 position after hydrolysis. The results showed that PKO nutritional value was better because of the smaller deviation (95.29%) compared with nutritional value of VCO with a greater deviation (118.55%). Lauric acid in sn-2 from VCO and PKO showed that the distribution of lauric acid in sn-2 position was not different,48.33and 48.59%. Keywords: virgin coconut oil, palm kernel oil, composition of fatty acids, sn-2 position, lauric acids

Predictive capability evaluation of RSM, ANFIS and ANN: A case of reduction of high free fatty acid of palm kernel oil via esterification process

2016 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eriola Betiku ◽  
Victoria O. Odude ◽  
Niyi B. Ishola ◽  
Ayorinde Bamimore ◽  
Ajiboye S. Osunleke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
High Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Predictive Capability ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Capability Evaluation

scholarly journals Supplementation with corn oil and palm kernel oil to grazing cows: ruminal fermentation, milk yield, and fatty acid profile

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 693-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jair Esteban Parales Girón ◽  
Martha Lucía Pabón Restrepo ◽  
Juan Evangelista Carulla Fornaguera
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Direct Production from Palm Kernel Oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 505 ◽  
pp. 012115
Author(s):  
R Tambun ◽  
D G Ferani ◽  
A Afrina ◽  
J A A Tambun ◽  
I A A Tarigan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil
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