Beneficial Role of Mushroom in Recovering Complications of Hypercholesterolemia

Mushrooms are considered as a valuable source of important nutrients having hepatoprotective and anti-hyperlipidemic actions. Present experimental research was done to explore the beneficial role of mushroom on health in hypercholesterolemia. Total thirty Swiss albino mice were taken and randomly divided into three groups: control A, group B and group C. Each group consisted of ten mice. The control A group was fed with normal mice pellet and fresh water. Group B was fed with hypercholesterolemic diet and group C was supplied hypercholesterolemic diet with mushroom powder (500g/kg/mice body weight) for 60 days. After the experimental tenure, mice of each group were sacrificed ethically and the samples (liver and blood) were collected for gross, histological study and lipid profile analysis. Increased liver weight, pale and hemorrhagic liver in gross observation along with some histological changes including dilation and congestion of central and portal vein, fat accumulation in hepatocyte and marked lymphocytic infiltration were found in group B, while mushroom supplementation recovered this gross and histological changes and reduced liver weight in group C. Just mild congestion and dilation was in the portal vein of group C. In lipid profile analysis, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) level significantly reduced respectively by 10%, 38% and 17% in group C than group B. High density lipoprotein (HDL) level also significantly increased by 20% in group C compared to group B. Therefore, it can be concluded that mushrooms might have potentially beneficial actions in recovering of some complications in hypercholesterolemia.

Effect Of Bangun-Bangun Leaves Ethanol Extract On Lipid Profile Ovariectomized Female Rats

Menopause was a condition of the body when ovaries stopped producing ovum; ovum is the main producer of estrogen hormone. Menopause can increasing lipid profile in blood; it causes any problems in the cardiovascular system. People of North Sumatra have long used Bangun-Bangun leaves as a breastfeeding agent; it contains flavonoid bioactive compounds, which are be expected to replace lost estrogen hormone. This study determined the estrogenic activity of Bangun-Bangun leaves ethanol extract (BBLEE) on lipid levels of ovariectomized female rats as a menopausal model. BBLEE has obtained by maceration techniques with 96% ethanol and extract used on 24 ovariectomized rats which were divided into 6 groups. Group 1 (normal), group 2 (positive) was treated by estradiol at dose of 0.18 mg/kg BW, group 3 (negative) was treated by 0.5% Na-CMC and group 4, 5, 6 were treated by BBLEE at dose of 30, 60, 90 mg/kg BW given orally for 14 days. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey HSD test. The result showed that effective dose of BBLEE was 90 mg/kg BW which improved lipid profile (TC = 55.75±0.47; TG = 63.00±0.40; HDL = 37.00±0.81; LDL = 30.50±0.86) in blood of ovariectomized female rats as a menopausal model. BBLEE at the dose of 90 mg/kg BW can ameliorate the lipid profile in the blood of ovariectomized female rats as a menopausal model.

Rational Use of Medicine in the Treatment of Helminth Infection : A Mini Review

Indonesia still has health problem, especially soil transmitted helminth. These helminths can cause deteriorate health, nutrition, intelligence and productivity of patients so causes a lot of losses economically. The aim of this article is to review the rational treatment of helminth infection. Albendazole, mebendazole, and pyrantel pamoate are the drugs recommended by the WHO. However, the uses of the three are different, especially for mass treatment or selective medicine. This review conclude that the three drugs are used according to the target patient's age with dosages and preparations that must be adjusted.

Poguntano Herba Extract Immunostimulant Activities (Picriafel-terraeLour). in Immunosupression Rats Infected by Staphylococcus aureus Against Total Leukocytes and Differential Leukocytes

Poguntano (Picriafel-terraeLour.) is a medicinal plant in North Sumatra that has been used in traditional medicine to treat degenerative diseases.Poguntano extract contains flavonoid compounds that have the potential to be developed into immunomodulators. This study showed the immunostimulant activity of poguntano herb n-hexane extract (PHNHE), poguntano herb ethyl acetate extract (PHEAE) and poguntano herb ethanol extract (PHEE) in immunosuppressed rats infected with Staphylococcus aureus. The evidence of poguntano herb as an immunomodulator was carried out by testing total leukocytes and differential leukocytes. Poguntano herb n-hexane extract (PHNHE) can not increase the total and differential leukocytes; Poguntano herb ethyl acetate extract (PHEAE) and poguntano herb ethanol extract (PHEE) can increase the total and differential leukocytes in immunosuppressed rats induced by Staphylococcus aureus.

Formulation and Evaluation of Skin Anti-aging Nanocream Containing Canola (Brassica napus L.) Oil

Canola (Brassica napus L.) oil high in vitamin E is good for skin care. Vitamin E is an effective antioxidant that protects our skin from free radical damage and keeps the skin elasticity, evenness, reduces blemishes, acne scars, and slows down the skin’s aging. This study aimed to formulate canola oil nano cream and find out canola oil nano cream gives a higher anti-aging effect than canola oil cream. Nanocream as anti-aging formulated in four variations of canola oil concentration 2,5%, 5%, 7,5% and 10%. Nanocream was tested IC50, and observed the characteristics and stability. Then, continue to irritation test and anti-aging activity of nanocream compared with cream on the skin of volunteers. The result showed that nanocream of variation canola oil was in a different color and distinctive smell. The preparation was stable in 12 weeks room temperature storage, homogenous, and no phase separation. Particle size was 5882.17 nm, 348.47 nm, 321.16 nm, 318.16 nm initially and increased after 12 weeks. There was no irritation, and anti-aging activity was higher than cream. Canola oil can be formulated as nanocream, stable in 12 weeks storage, and nano cream has higher anti-aging activity than cream.

Evaluation of Antyhipercholesterolemic Effect of Allium cepa L. var cepa in Atherogenic Induced Rats

Fermented onion is a type of onion that produced by heating onion bulbs at high temperature for 15 days by fermenter machine. This research is expected to produce new alternatives therapy for reducing cholesterol from onions especially Allium cepa L. var cepa. In this experimental laboratory used 25 male white rats that divided into five groups, group I: negatif control, group II: positif control (Atorvastatin), group III: 100 mg/Kg body weight (bw) of fermented onion extact, group IV: 200 mg/Kg bw of fermented onion extract and group V: 300 mg/Kg bw of fermented onion extract. The Rats was feeding by an atherogenic diet to makes them hypercholesterolemia before treatment for 7th days, 14th days and 21st days. All of data were analyzed by ANOVA method (significant 0,05). The result concludes that of all the doses tested, fermented onion extract of Allium cepa L. var cepa with a dose of 200 mg/Kg bw has the highest effect in decreasing total cholesterol levels of hypercholesterolemia rats (Rattus novergicus).

The Effctiveness Of Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor On Improving The Cardiac Remodelling Compared To Ace-Inhibitor On Patients With Chronic Heart Failure

Heart failure is one of the major cause of patient’s admittance to the hospital. Primary hypertension is one of the most universal comorbidities that precedes heart failure and is one of the more common risk factors held by the majority of the population. Right now, antihypertension that are generally used is from Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACE-I) and Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB). A new group of an antihypertensive agent called “Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitor (ARNI)” to further improve the patient condition. This study aims to evaluate the effectivity of ARNI against ACE-I regarding its cardiac reverse remodeling effect. Search strategy was done using electronic databases, which are Pubmed, Scopus, and Cochrane. Articles included are therapeutic study that is in line with the clinical question and fulfills the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Critical appraisal was done by assessing the article’s validity, importance, and applicability according to Oxford Center of Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 to two chosen articles. 2 articles are chosen and appraised. Both of the study are shown to be valid and shows that ARNI has a significantly better result on improving cardiac reverse remodeling via the left ventricle ejection fraction compared to ACE-I. However, the applicability of ARNI is still debatable in Indonesia as it was not covered by national insurance and there is no generic form. ARNI shows to be significantly better to reverse cardiac remodeling compared to ACE-I, but its applicability has to be improved to be implemented in Indonesia.

Anti-Acne Activity From Biocellulose Mask Formula Containing (Aloe Vera (L.) Burm.F) Essence Combined With Vitamin E

Biocellulose mask sheet is a new found pharmaceutical cosmetic design that widely commercial. Mostly due to it’s biodegradable properties, provide an eco-friendly waste. Combination of Aloe vera essence (AE) and Vit E to provide and determine it’s respective anti-acne properties in biocellulose mask form. Formulation of biocellulose mask with the help of Acetobacter xylinum bacteria varied with different formulae: F1 (Vitamin E 1%), F2 (E 2.5 %), F3 (AE 5%), F4 (AE 2.5%+Vit E 1%) and F5 (AE 5%+Vit E 1%) followed antimicrobials test with common acne bacteria by diffusion disk against Propionibacterium acne (PAC) ATCC 6919 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAA) ATCC 27853. Study revealed that each formulae design F1; F2; F3; F4; F5 tested against PAC diffusion disk resulted 7.86; 11.67; 10.13; 112.10; 10.33 mm respectively. As for PAA diffusion disk resulted 7.76; 11.63; 10.33; 11.67; 11.00 mm respectively. Biocellulose mask containing combination of AE 2.5% and Vit E (F4) would provide the best anti-acne activity amongst other formulae.

Evaluation of Waiting Time for Outpatient Prescription Services at the Pharmacy Installation at the Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital

The pharmacy installation is one of the units in the hospital that provides. service products and services in the form of prescription services. Prescription service asthe front line of pharmacy services to patients must be managed properly becausethe quality of pharmaceutical prescription service which is generally associated with the speed ingiving service. This research is a descriptive type of research with prospective data collection from March-June 2019 to evaluate the waiting time for outpatient prescription services at the Hospital Pharmacy Installation of the Universitas Sumatera Utara. The data taken were 357 outpatient prescriptions.The results of this study indicate the total average length of time waiting for outpatients for the provision of non-fake drugs at the Pharmacy Installation of Outpatients at the University of Sumatera Utara Hospital at 09.00 - 11.00 is 29.10 minutes, at 11.00 - 13.00 is 34.44. minutes and at 13.00 - finished 42.60 minutes. The average length of waiting time for outpatients for the provision of compound drugs at the Outpatient Pharmacy Installation of the University of Sumatera Utara Hospital at 09.00 - 11.00 is 51.67 minutes, 11.00 - 13.00 hours is 62.27 minutes and at 13.00 - completion was 65.71 minutes. The waiting time for prescription services is ≤ 60 minutes.Based on the results of research conducted at the Outpatient Pharmacy Installation at the University of Sumatera Utara Hospital, non-concocted prescription drugs meet the requirements if the service time speed is ≤ 30 minutes and the concocted drug prescription fulfills the requirements if the service time speed is ≤ 60 minutes.

Teratogenic Effects of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L) on Rats During the Organogenesis Period

The purpose of the research was to evaluate the teratogenic effect caused by theprovision of Arabica coffee solution with variations of 0.36 ml, 0.72 ml and 1.08 ml withpositive control of caffeine at a dose of 300 mg / kg bw to rats during organogenesis. Themeasurement parameters in this study are the appearance of reproduction, externalmalformations and scalal malformations. The results in this study found that theadministration of Arabica coffee solution with a volume of 1.08 ml and caffeine 300 mg /kg bb caused an abnormality in the reproductive appearance of weight loss and body length,whereas for extrenal malformation and scalal malforation no abnormalities were found ineach administration of the solution Arabica coffee and caffeine.