scholarly journals Father Porphyry (Peter) Chuchman is an example of the catacomb clergy

2020 ◽  
pp. 232-239
Author(s):  
Lesia Struk
Keyword(s):  
Monastic Community ◽  
Monastic Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Great Simplicity

In the context of the study of the features of the monastic life of the Greek Catholics during the underground period, the author highlights the history of the life and ministry of the Studite hieromonk of Peter - Porphyry - Pavel Chuchman. In the difficult realities of the then reality, the monastic community did not cease its activities, retained monastic charter, adhered to monastic vows, and took care of the replenishment of the monastic congregations at the expense of the youth. The Father of Porphyry was characterized by great simplicity, immediacy, meekness and kindness in relation to those who came to him daily with help.

Les ambivalences du succès monastique. Étude de cas

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-287
Author(s):  
Stefania Palmisano
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Internal Organization ◽  
Etude De Cas ◽  
Monastic Community ◽  
Monastic Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Étude De Cas

This article explores the dynamics of success in a monastery and its consequences for monastic life, regarding both internal organization and relations with the outside world. The opportunity to reflect on these topics comes from events taking place in Bose (Piedmont, Italy), one of the best-known and most lively NMCs in Europe. Based on field research carried out between 2011 and 2014, I review the history of the institutional, organizational and economic changes which it has undergone – from poor, anonymous and under suspicion of deviance to well-off, media-friendly and exemplary – and I analyse the repercussions of these changes for the monastic community. Leading questions are as follows: Why and how has Bose changed throughout its history? What strategies has the founder adopted to accomplish these changes? How has he built up his charisma? How are his agency and his charisma linked and how do they influence each other? Finally, has Bose’s success led the community astray from the spirit of the founding aims and values?

scholarly journals Renouncing the World and Taking Ordination

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2021/1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztina Teleki
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Monastic Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Written Sources

The 20th century brought different periods in the history of Mongolia including theocracy, socialism and democracy. This article describes what renouncing the world (especially the home and the family), taking ordination, and taking monastic vows meant at the turn of the 20th century and a century later. Extracts from interviews reveal the life of pre-novices, illustrating their family backgrounds, connections with family members after ordination, and support from and towards the family. The master-disciple relationship which was of great significance in Vajrayāna tradition, is also described. As few written sources are available to study monks’ family ties, the research was based on interviews recorded with old monks who lived in monasteries in their childhood (prior to 1937), monks who were ordained in 1990, and pre-novices of the current Tantric monastic school of Gandantegčenlin Monastery. The interviews revealed similarities and differences in monastic life in given periods due to historical reasons. Though Buddhism could not attain its previous, absolutely dominant role in Mongolia after the democratic changes, nowadays tradition and innovation exist in parallel.

scholarly journals Świętość w czasach podbojów islamskich. Męczennicy chrześcijańscy z Gazy z VII wieku

Vox Patrum ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 497-521
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Celestyn Paczkowski
Keyword(s):  
Latin Translation ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Monastic Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Christian History

The article focuses the story of the martyrdom of 60 Christian soldiers in Gaza who were executed for their refusal to convert to Islam during the Muslim inva­sion of Palestine. It is a final episode of varied Christian history of that region. Christian history of Gaza appears as complex and fascinating. In this region in the 4th century paganism was still strong but the monastic life developed in the vicinity of Gaza. Literary sources annotated the anti-Chalcedonian resistance of monastic circles in the wake of the council of Chalcedon. Christian history of the Gaza region ended dramatically with the Arab conquest in the 7th century. Just at that time a group of Christian soldiers refused the offer of the commander of the winners Muslims. The narrative of their martyrdom was preserved in a Latin translation of a Greek original. According to the text of the Passio, the Christian soldiers were executed in two groups: at Jerusalem and at Eleutheropolis. Bi­shop Sophronius of Jerusalem intervened in favor of these Martyrs and comforted them. He also gained the palm of martyrdom. The Passio in two different Latin recensions reveals a relatively neglected aspect in the history of the Holy Land during the period of heightened religious tension.

scholarly journals О двух ойратских списках «Наказа Манджушри» из коллекции Н. Д. Кичикова (по материалам Кетченеровского краеведческого музея)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-363
Author(s):  
Delyash N. Muzraevа ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Local History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Buddhist Monk ◽  
Monastic Community ◽  
History Of

Introduction. The written heritage of Kalmyk Buddhist priests, their daily practices, liturgical repertoire still remain a poorly studied page in the history of Buddhism among Mongolic peoples in the 20th century. The survived collections, clusters of religious texts prove instrumental in revealing most interesting aspects of their activities, efforts aimed at preservation of Buddhist teachings, their popularization and dissemination among believers. Goals. The paper examines two Oirat copies of the Precepts of the Omniscient [Manjushri] from N. D. Kichikov’s collection, transliterates and translates the original texts, provides a comparative analysis, and notes differences therein that had resulted from the scribe’s work, thereby introducing the narratives into scientific circulation. Materials. The article describes two Oirat manuscripts bound in the form of a notebook and contained in different bundles/collections of Buddhist religious texts stored at Ketchenery Museum of Local History and Lore. As is known, the collection is largely compiled from texts that belonged to the famous Kalmyk Buddhist monk Namka (N. D. Kichikov). Results. The analysis of the two Oirat texts with identical titles — Precepts of the Omniscient [Manjushri] — shows that their contents coincide generally but both the texts contain fragmented omissions (separate words, one or several sentences) that are present in the other. At the same time, when omitting fragments of the text addressed to the monastic community, the scribe was obviously guided by that those would be superfluous for the laity. Thus, our comparative analysis of the two manuscript copies demonstrates the sometimes dramatic role of the scribe in transmitting Buddhist teachings.

The Archaeology of Monastic Households

2020 ◽  
pp. 184-203
Author(s):  
Darlene L. Brooks Hedstrom
Keyword(s):  
Household Archaeology ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
Monastic Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complex Households

This chapter explores the buildings and artefacts of late antique monastic sites in Egypt and Palestine. It uses household archaeology to examine the daily behaviours of those who lived in monastic settlements. Household archaeology combines methodologies from archaeology, anthropology, geography, and history. Its application enables us to read the archaeology of monasticism with greater sophistication, so that the artefacts and the places of ordinary life can be interpreted alongside other sources, such as liturgy, images, and texts. Archaeological remains offer an additional lens for reading monastic settlements as complex households or homesteads, and they permit us to write a more nuanced history of monastic life.

Victory and Defeat: A Conflicted Church, 1136–1140

2020 ◽  
pp. 110-140
Author(s):  
Brian Patrick McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Song Of Songs ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Sufficient Time ◽  
Monastic Community ◽  
The World ◽  
Monastic Life ◽  
End Of The World ◽  
Building Program ◽  
Saint Bernard

This chapter explores how the autumn and early winter of 1135–36 provided sufficient time for Saint Bernard to give his first sermons on the Song of Songs at Clairvaux and also to familiarize himself and come to terms with the brothers' ambitious building program. But just when he may have felt he had returned to the routine of monastic life, he was called back to Italy. His companion now, as previously, was his brother Gerard, Clairvaux's capable cellarer whom Bernard felt he needed at his side rather than leaving him behind to deal with the material affairs of the monastery. In March or April of 1137 at Viterbo, Gerard became severely ill. Bernard's description of events emphasizes how important it was for him to restore Gerard to his monastic community so that he could die there. During the last year of Gerard's life, Bernard must have lived in fear that he soon would lose the man whose company and guidance had shepherded him since childhood. Just as the papal schism was coming to a seemingly happy end, Bernard was facing the end of the world that had made him.

Vitae et Miracula Sancti Christoduli Patmensis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis D. Polemis ◽  
Theodora Antonopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Fourth Crusade ◽  
Monastic Community ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unique Source ◽  
First Time ◽  
Critical Aspects

The Greek dossier on St. Christodoulos, founder of the monastery of Patmos (1088), consists of four texts, three vitae and a narrative of a miracle, all written within roughly two centuries after the saint’s death by brethren of his monastic community. They are not only important for the reconstruction of the course of life of one of the most famous Byzantine saints, but they are also a unique source for the political and social history of Byzantium and the Eastern Mediterranean from the late 11th to the 13th century. Despite their great importance, these texts have remained almost unknown until today because they are contained in a 19th century edition that is hardly accessible any more and was intended exclusively for the monks and visitors of the John Prodromos Monastery. The new critical edition, which is accompanied by a critical and exhaustive apparatus of sources as well as an index of personal names and of all passages of previous authors quoted or referred to in the texts, will be appreciated by historians and literary scholars alike. Historians will now have at their disposal an important source for the history of the Comnenian period and beyond, while scholars interested in Byzantine literature will have the opportunity to examine in depth four important and rather complex documents, which offer three different visions of the phenomenon of sanctity in Byzantium at the eve of the Fourth Crusade. The introduction discusses several literary, historical and text-critical aspects of the dossier. Extensive summaries in English make these texts available to a wider audience for the first time.

scholarly journals Meditation in Contemporary Monastic Life

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Starkey
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Role Function ◽  
Monastic Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Experiences Of Women

This chapter examines the multiple roles that meditation plays in the lives of contemporary Buddhist monastics. Specifically, and drawing on rich ethnographic data, it focuses on the experiences of women who have taken Buddhist ordination within six different Buddhist groups and lineages in the British Isles. This chapter provides a brief history of the lived experience of meditation among emerging and established Buddhist monastic groups in Britain and an analysis of the role, function, and value of meditation practices, particularly among women. It makes comparisons between women of different Buddhist traditions in their approach to meditation and considers the implications of this for understanding the function of meditation in the Buddhist monastic tradition. Underpinning this approach is a challenge to assumptions about the individualistic nature of meditation in the contemporary West, emphasizing its communal role among monastic women in Britain.

scholarly journals Mendicants and Medicine: Āyurveda in Jain Monastic Texts

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Jyväsjärvi Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Medical Literature ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Early Medieval Period ◽  
Indian Medical ◽  
Monastic Community ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical Distress ◽  
Medical Treatises ◽  
Canonical Texts

While early canonical Jain literature may well justify the assessment that some scholars have made about the Jains’ stoic resistance to medical aid, later post-canonical Śvetāmbara Jain texts reveal in fact a much more complex relationship to practices of healing. They make frequent references to medical practice and the alleviation of sickness, describing various medical procedures and instruments and devoting long sections to the interaction between doctors and monastics as issues that a monastic community would have to negotiate as a matter of course. The amount of medical knowledge — indeed fascination with healing human ailments — evident in these later texts invites us to pause before concluding that pre-modern Jain monastic traditions were disinterested in alleviating physical distress. It seems that, on the contrary, the question of when and how to treat the sick within the community emerged as a central concern that preoccupied the monastic authorities and commentators and left its mark on the texts they compiled. Moreover, from the early medieval period onwards, Jains enter the history of Indian medical literature as authors and compilers of actual medical treatises. In what follows, I try to trace this historical shift in Śvetāmbara Jain attitudes to medicine and healing, from the early canonical texts to post-canonical commentaries on the mendicants’ rules. Specifically, I focus on the treatment of medicine in three monastic commentaries composed around the sixth and seventh centuries CE.

WOMEN IN THE HISTORY OF BUDDHIST CULTURE OF MEDIEVAL JAPAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
MERGEN S. ULANOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Medieval Japan ◽  
The Social ◽  
Soto Zen ◽  
Monastic Community ◽  
History Of ◽  
Status Of Women ◽  
Buddhist Culture

The article is devoted to the consideration of the role of women in the history of Buddhist culture in medieval Japan. The article examines the formation of the first female Buddhist monastic community in Japan. It is noted that the formation of the first Buddhist monastic community here was associated with women of Korean origin. A significant role in the institutionalization of Buddhism in Japan and its transformation into the dominant ideology was played by the Japanese empresses, who were impressed by the Buddhist approach to the religious status of women. The Japanese empresses actively supported the construction of Buddhist temples, donated land and significant funds to them. While pursuing a policy of strengthening the Buddhist church, they simultaneously contributed to its centralization and the establishment of strict control over the sangha by the state. The social and confessional status of women in the history of medieval Japan was constantly changing. If, until the end of the Nara period, nuns had the same social and confessional status as monks, then in the Heian era, nuns were removed from government positions and state ceremonies, and in religious treatises the opinion that women could not find salvation until will not be reborn as men. During the Kamakura and Muromachi eras, women again began to play an active role in society, including in religious institutions. During this period, new directions of Buddhism appeared (Amidaism, Soto-Zen, the Nichiren school), in whose doctrines the attitude towards women was more respectful. In the subsequent period, there was an increase in the influence of Confucianism and a weakening of the position of Buddhism in Japanese society, which negatively affected the social status of women and the state of the female monastic community.

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