scholarly journals Grass Diversity in the Historical Kalash Valley, District Chitral, Hindukush Range, Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Fazal Hadi ◽  
Muhammad Ibrar
Keyword(s):  
Life Form ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Temperate Region ◽  
Size Spectra ◽  
Food Species ◽  
Ethnobotanical Uses

The present study was carried out to enlist the grass flora of Kalash valley, Pakistan theirecological characteristics and ethnobotanical uses. A total of 36 grass species belonging to 29 genera wereidentified. Poa was the dominant genus with 4 (11.11%) species followed by Avena, Bromus, Hordeumand Lolium represented by 2 (5.55%) species each. The remaining genera had one species each. Ecologicalcharacteristics revealed that 23 (63.89%) species were rarely occurring, 9 (25%) were common and 4(11.11%) species were abundantly occurring in the valley. Life form spectra showed that therophytes weredominant with 24 (66.67%) species followed by hemicryptophytes with 8 (22.22%) species, chamaephytes3 (8.33%) and geophytes had one (2.78%) species. Leaf size spectra revealed that 26 (72.22%) specieswere nanophylls, 4 (11.11%) were microphylls and 3 (8.33%) were mesophylls. 27 (75%) species weregrowing on dry places and 9 (25%) were growing on wet soils. Similarly, 33 (91.67%) were fodder species,3 (11.11%) were food species and 2 (5.55%) species were used for thatching purposes in the valley. Thepresent information will be useful for further ecological and biological researches on the grasses in thisdry temperate region of Pakistan.

ECO-FLORISTIC STUDY OF WEED FLORA OF MAIZE CROP IN DISTRICT SWABI,KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-506
Author(s):  
Maqsood Anwar ◽  
Naveed Akhtar ◽  
Naveed Akhtar ◽  
Shah Khalid ◽  
Hassan Zeb
Keyword(s):  
Life Form ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Size Spectra ◽  
Ecological Attributes ◽  
Floristic Study ◽  
Weed Flora

The present study explains floristic composition and ecological attributes characteristics of weeds of maize crop in district Swabi during September-October, 2018. A total of 28 weeds species distributed in 27 genera and 15 families were reported from the selected maize fields of the study area. Out of 15 families, 12 were dicots having (17 genera and 18 species) and 3 were monocots having (10 genera and 10 species). Poaceae was dominant family contributed 8 species. Amaranthaceae (5 spp.) followed by Aizoaceae and Convolvulaceae (2 spp.) each. The rest of 11 families were represented by single species each. Annuals contributed 19 (67.8%) species while perennials shared 9 (32.2%) species. Life-form spectra indicated that therophytes were dominant and abundant life form with 17 (60.7%) species. Leaf size spectra revealed that microphylls were major leaf size class with 12 (42.8 %) species. There were 25 (89.3%) species with simple leaves, 2 (7.1 %) species with compound leaves while 1 (3.6 %) species was represented by dissected leaves.

scholarly journals Floristic diversity, biological spectrum of lower Tanawal, KP, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-514
Author(s):  
B. Adeela ◽  
I. Zafar ◽  
M. S. Ghulam ◽  
H. Manzoor ◽  
U. R. R. Inayat
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Size Spectra ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Biological Spectrum

Field surveys were carried out to evaluate the floristic diversity and biological spectrum of Lower Tanawal, District Abbottabad in different seasons during 2016-2018. This study area was divided into 80 stands on the basis of physiognomy of the vegetation. Life form classes and leaf spectra were classified following Raunkiers methodology. In total, 286 plant species belonging to 86 families were recorded, out of which herbaceous growth form dominated the study area with 187 species, followed by shrub with 54 species. Among all 86 families, Asteraceae was found to be the most dominant family with 25 species, followed by Fabaceae with 24 species and Rosaceae with 20 species. Based on life form classes, Therophytic life form was the leading class with 113 species (39.5104%), followed by Nanophanerophytes with 45 species (15.7342%). In leaf size spectra, Microphylls dominated the flora with 88 species (30.7692%), followed by Mesophyll with 81 species (28.3216%). This study shows the complete floristic composition that may be important as reference work for future ethnobotanical, ecological and conservational studies.

scholarly journals FLORISTIC COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF BARA GALI, ABBOTTABAD

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Adeela Bibi ◽  
Husnain Shah ◽  
Zafar Jamal ◽  
Abbas Hussain Shah ◽  
Azhar Mehmood
Keyword(s):  
Life Form ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Size Spectra ◽  
Altitudinal Range ◽  
Biological Spectrum

Floristic composition and Phytosociological studies on the flora of Bara Gali District Abbottabad, Pakistan was conducted.  The altitudinal range of the Bara Gali  is from 2100-2370 meter. From the study area 50 species belong to 33 families were recorded. Herbaceous flora was dominant with 35 species, shrubs with 10 species and tree with 5 species. Asteraceae was dominant having 6 species. Microphyll dominant leaf size spectra and hemicryptophytes were dominant life form in the study area. This study provide information about the floristic composition of Bara Gali.

Observations on the floristic, life-form, leaf-size spectra and habitat diversity of vegetation in the Bhimber hills of Kashmir Himalayas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid Nafeesa ◽  
Shiekh Marifatul Haq ◽  
Faiza Bashir ◽  
Ganwa Gaus ◽  
Mubsher Mazher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Form ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Size Spectra ◽  
Kashmir Himalayas

scholarly journals Floristic list and their ecological characteristics, of plants at village Derikot Selai Pattay district Malakand Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

2017 ◽  
pp. 93-105
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ISHAQ
Keyword(s):  
Life Form ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Size Spectra ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Ecological Characteristics ◽  
Made In

Floristic composition and characteristics studies were made in of vallag Derikot selai pattay District Malakand Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.The floristic composition of present study comprised of 146 species and 41 genera which belong to 39 families. It included 115 dicots species, Monocot 24, Gymnosperm 2, Pteridophytes 5, species. Family Asteraceae (23 spp.)is dominant family in floristic table. In the present study, therophytes with 57 species (39.041%.) were the dominant life form in the study area. Nanophanerophytes with 22 species (15.06%). Microphanerophytes with 22 species (15.06 %). Hemicryptophytes with 19 species (13. 01%). Chamaephytes with 15 species (10. 27%). Geophytes with 5 specie (3.42%). and Megaphanerophytes with 2 species (1.36%) Mesophanerophytes with 4 species (2.73%) were least observed life forms. Leaf size spectra was dominant by microphylls with 61 species (41.78%) followed by mesophylls with 35 species (23.97%), Nanophylls with 26 species (17.80%),Leptophylls with 17 species (11.64%), Aphyllous with 4 species (2.73%).Megaphylls 2 species (1.36%).Macrophyll only 1species (0.66 %) of study area.

scholarly journals Eco-Taxonomic Study of Family Poaceae (Gramineae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nauman Khan ◽  
Sajjad Ali ◽  
Tabassum Yaseen ◽  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Akhtar Zaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
Over Exploitation

Background: The study of species diversity, its conservations and extinction can be done by using systematics in plant biodiversity. Poaceae is a very diverse grass family with great economic importance as it contains crops like rice, maize, oats, wheat, etc. Objectives: The current study was undertaken in district Charsadda during 2017-18 in flowering season to collect different grass species from the area. Methodology: Grass specimens were gathered, preserved, mounted and then identified from the available literature/native flora (Flora of Pakistan). Ecological parameters like habitat, class, life cycle and biological spectra were determined. A total of 51 taxa comprised of 34 genera, 5 subfamilies and 11 tribes of grasses were collected from the District Charsadda. The subfamily Panicoideae was the leading family with highest number of genera, taxa and tribes, followed by Pooideae. Results: The biological spectrum showed that in the life-form class, therophyte had the highest number of species 32 (62.74%), followed by hemicryptophyte having 13 species (25.49%). In the Leaf size class, microphylls were dominant with 24 species (47.05%) followed by nanophylls having 14 species (27.45%). The adaptational survival of plants showed that 32 species (62.74%) were terrestrial and 19 species (37.25%) were amphibious in our study. The Life-cycle class depicted that 33 species (64.70%) were annual, 17 species (33.33%) were perennial and 1 species (1.960%) was annual or perennial. The Palatability class showed that 35 species (68.62%) were highly palatable, followed by less-palatable 11 species (21.56%), non-palatable 2 species (3.921%) and moderately palatable 3 species (5.882%). The Abundant class were determined through species rating scale in ecology Acfor (Abundant Common Frequent Occasional Rare) scale to describe species abundance in a given area; 26 species (50.98%) were occasional, 12 species (23.52%) were frequent, 7 species (13.72%) were rare, 5 species (9.803%) were common and only 1 species cynodon dactylon (1.960%) was abundant in the whole area and present everywhere in the research area in every season. Conclusion: It has been concluded from the study that unwise collection, over-grazing, over-exploitation, over-consumption and overutilization are major biotic factors, which affect the diversity of the grasses in the area and affect the populations’ sustainability on the earth crust. Therefore, the study aims to document and explore wild grasses from the area, which might help in future researches. This survey will be helpful in identifying plant wealth and status for their exploitation on systematic approaches and scientific basis.

scholarly journals Distribution and Habitat Preference of Hispid Hare (Caprolagus Hispidus) In Shuklaphanta National Park, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Dhirendra Bahadur Chand ◽  
Laxman Khanal ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Chalise
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
National Park ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Tall Grass ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Food Species ◽  
Study Sites

 Hispid hare (Caprolagu shispidus) is an endangered lagomorph which had a wide range of distribution in the past, but currently it is known to occur only from few isolated tall grass pockets of India and Nepal. We explored the population status, habitat utilization and existing threats of the Hispid hare at Shuklaphanta National Park (SNP) by the strip transect and quadrate sampling methods from November 2015 to May 2016 covering both winter and summer seasons. Four study sites of total 1.58ha were selected within SNPand strip transects were randomly laid to determine presence and absence of pellets of Hispid hare and their counts were used to estimate the population density. The Population density of Hispid hare was found to be 0.1820/ha in winter and 0.2268/ha in summer with the statistically significant preference to the tall grassland habitat. Twelve grass species were identified in the habitat of Hispid hare with dominancy of Saccharum spontaneum, Imperata cylindrica, Narenga porphyrocoma, and Saccharum munj. Among the grasses, Imperata cylindrica and Narenga porphyrocoma were the food species of higher preference for Hispid hare.

Grasses of the Precambrian Shield region in eastern lowland Bolivia. II. Life-form and C3–C4 photosynthetic types

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Killeen ◽  
Paul N. Hinz
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Campo Rupestre ◽  
Granite Outcrops ◽  
Bunch Grass

ABSTRACTA life-form classification from Neotropical Gramineae is proposed for 113 native species from eastern lowland Bolivia. A factor analysis was performed on a correlation matrix of 51 vegetative attributes to identify ‘character suites,’ which were then used as the basis for the classification. The principal types are arboreal, liana, shrub-like, forb-like, bunch grass with basal foliage, bunch grass with basal and caulescent foliage, caespitose annuals, elongate rhizomes, turf grass, stoloniferous, and decumbent (the last category is further divided into subgroups: -perennial, -indefinite, -floating aquatic, and -vine-like). A key component of the life-form classification is the morphology of leaf blades, with five major patterns recognized: elongate and inrolled, elongate and conduplicate, elongate and flat with an attenuate base, short and broad with an amplexicaule base, and short and broad with a pseudopetiole.The distribution and relative abundance of three major photosynthetic categories were compared with life-form and habitat preference. Photosynthetic type of individual species was identified based on leaf anatomy. C4-(XyMS −) species predominated in cerradao, cerrado, campo rupestre, valleyside campos, and seasonally inundated savanna, as well as on granite outcrops. C4-(XyMS + ) species were relatively rare in all habitats, but were significantly more abundant in the xeric microenvironments of granite outcrops. C3 species predominated in semi-deciduous forest and increased in relative abundance in wetland habitats. Caespitose annuals and bunch grass species were predominantly C4 type, while arboreal and liana species were uniformly C3 type. Grasses classified as decumbent or shrub-like were predominantly C3 type, while rhizomatous, stoloniferous, and forblike grasses were a mixture of C3 and C4 type.The intent of the study was to group morphological characteristics objectively in order to derive a life-form classification specific for the Gramineae. Comparisons of the relative abundance of the various life-forms in a broad range of habitat types provide a descriptive assessment of the adaptive value of these characteristics.

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