scholarly journals Integration of Stalk Destruction Methods for the Glyphosate Herbicide-Resistant Cotton

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Valdinei Sofiatti ◽  
Odilon RRF Silva ◽  
Edson R Andrade Junior ◽  
Alexandre CB Ferreira ◽  
Fabiano J Perina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Cotton Stalk ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Mechanical Destruction ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
Chemical Destruction ◽  
Glyphosate Herbicide

The increase in geographical areas used for cultivation of transgenic glyphosate herbicide-resistant cotton has hindered the stalk destruction, compromised the phytosanitary break implementation and consequently increased the population of insect pests and cotton plant pathogens. This study evaluated the efficiency of the combining mechanical and chemical methods in the destruction of transgenic cotton stalk resistant to the glyphosate herbicide. Two experiments were carried out in 2015 and 2016 in Primavera do Leste,-Mato Grosso, Brazil and Luís Eduardo Magalhães, Bahia, Brazil, respectively. The study evaluated different mechanical destruction equipment in combination with the chemical methods. In each environment, a randomized block experiment with four replications was employed. The results of the experiments indicated that the mechanical destruction increased the control efficiency by at least 10% when compared to chemical destruction of the cotton stalk. Chemical destruction with herbicides combined with mechanical destruction methods does not increase the control efficiency of cotton stalks destruction. Furthermore, the application of hormonal herbicides following the mechanical shredding of cotton stalks does not increase the control efficiency of glyphosate-resistant cotton stalk.

scholarly journals Association of Mechanical and Chemical Methods for Cotton Stalk Destruction

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. FRANCISCHINI ◽  
J. CONSTANTIN ◽  
W.D. MATTE ◽  
R.S. OLIVEIRA JR. ◽  
F.A. RIOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Cotton Stalk ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Prophylactic Measure ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Integrated Methods

ABSTRACT: The destruction of cotton stalks after harvesting is a prophylactic measure aimed at reducing the population of insects and disease inoculants that may remain in the crop residues and remaining cotton plants. The objective of this work was to evaluate integrated methods of management of the cotton stalks, combining mechanical and chemical control, to promote the eradication of cotton stalks. A 7x5 factorial experiment was installed where seven different methods of mechanical control of cotton stalk and five herbicide treatments were tested. The percentage of control (visual scale of 0 to 100%) and the number of plants regrowth per meter were evaluated at 14, 28 and 50 days after herbicide application treatment. At the end of the experiment, the size of the regrowth was evaluated at 50 days. The methods of management with mowing associated with an application on the stalk followed by another application to plant regrowth’s and mowing with two sequential applications in the sprouts, for the herbicidal treatments 2,4-D + glyphosate in association with [imazapic + imazapyr]) or saflufenacil, promoted the highest control rates of cotton stalks. Aiming at the effectiveness and speed of control, the management with the application of the treatment with 2,4-D + glyphosate + saflufenacil on the stalk, after mowing, associated to another application in the regrowth, provided 100% control at 14 days after the last application and totally inhibited the regrowth of the stalks, and was considered the most effective in the destruction of cotton stalks.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cotton stalks destroyers

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 965-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aloisio Bianchini ◽  
Pedro H. de M. Borges
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Mechanical Destruction ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
Medium Texture

The destruction of the cotton crop residues (cotton stalks) is a mandatory procedure in Brazil for prophylactic issues, but is a subject unexplored by the research and there are few studies that deal with this issue. However, this is not encouraged in recent decades, studies aimed at developing and evaluating equipment for this purpose. The present study had the objective to evaluate six methods for mechanical destruction of cotton crop residues. Each method was defined based on the principle of operation of the active parts of the equipment, which were tested in medium texture soil and in a clayey one. The variables used to evaluate the efficiency of the equipment were the regrowth rate, the theoretical field capacity and energy demand. The equipment with convergent concave disks (DCC) and flat cutters discs from manufacturer A (CPS-a) showed the best results in cotton stalks destruction in both soil types. The harrow disc (GPD) was efficient only in clay soil. It was concluded that the equipment with convergent concave disks, among those tested, was the most efficient to destroy cotton stalks, regardless of soil type, and that the harrow disc was not included among the best performers.

scholarly journals Effects of coupling agents on the properties of cotton stalk–polypropylene film boards

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 8617-8630
Author(s):  
Nan Xia ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
Kunfeng Liu ◽  
Ying Shao ◽  
Shujie Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Coupling Agents ◽  
Cotton Stalk ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Polypropylene Film ◽  
Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate ◽  
Film Adhesion ◽  
Cotton Stalks

Effects of treating cotton stalks with a coupling agent (maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP), polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI), or vinyltrimethoxysilane (A171)) were investigated relative to the mechanical and water resistance properties of cotton stalk–polypropylene film boards. The interfacial morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the properties of the boards increased with the incorporation of MAPP or PMDI up to 2 wt%, or with A171 up to 3 wt%, but further increases in the coupling agent contents decreased the properties. Boards treated with 2 wt% PMDI exhibited optimum properties, with a 39.0% increase in modulus of rupture, a 38.2% increase in modulus of elasticity, a 68.4% increase in internal bond, and a 57.4% decrease in thickness swelling, compared with untreated boards. The SEM micrographs further confirmed an efficient fiber-film adhesion in the coupling-agent-treated boards.

scholarly journals Cotton Stalk Compost as a Substitution to Farmyard Manure Along with Mineral Fertilizers and Microbials Enhanced Bt Cotton Productivity and Fibre Quality in Rainfed Vertisols

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kulandaivelu Velmourougane ◽  
Angamuthu Manikandan ◽  
D. Blaise ◽  
Mageshwaran Vellaichamy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Fibre Quality ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Cotton Stalk ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Cotton stalks, remaining after the cotton is harvested, are considered waste material and disposed of by burning. Presently, the supply of good quality manure, such as farmyard manure (FYM) is low. Thus, recycling of cotton stalks as compost can reduce the dependency on FYM apart from reducing inorganic fertilizer use and soil health enhancement. Some studies have reported on the conversion of cotton ginnery wastes into organic manure. However, no studies have reported about the composting of cotton stalks. We conducted field studies over three years on Vertisols to evaluate the impact of integrated use of microbially enriched cotton stalk compost (ECC) as an alternative to FYM along with mineral fertilizers in cotton production. Additionally, we evaluated an option of using native microbial consortia as seed treatment and their synergistic effect along with ECC application on cotton yield, fibre quality, and soil properties. Results indicated that the substitution of FYM with ECC in integrated nutrient management (INM) produced effects similar to that of FYM use in enhancing cotton yield and soil properties. Application of ECC + inorganic fertilizers (modified nutrient management practice) in soil increased boll numbers (8.4%), boll weight (9.9%), seed cotton yield (13%), fibre properties, soil nutrient, and biological activities, which were on par with FYM + inorganic fertilizer application. The use of ECC is estimated to reduce 50% costs on nitrogenous, phosphatic, and potassic fertilizers, and can save approximately US$ 34 ha− 1 on inorganic and manures in the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) and INM practice.

Synthesis of magnetic biochar derived from cotton stalks for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 2106-2115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengfeng Ma ◽  
Baowei Zhao ◽  
Jingru Diao
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Cotton Stalk ◽  
Magnetic Biochar ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Co Precipitation

Abstract A magnetic cotton stalk biochar (MCSBC) was synthesized through chemical co-precipitation, based on cotton stalk biochar (CSBC). The MCSBC and CSBC were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry. The characterization analyses showed that the magnetization process endowed the CSBC with excellent magnetic properties with a superparamagnetic magnetization of 27.59 emu/g. Batch adsorption experiment results indicated that the Cr(VI) maximum adsorption capacity of MCSBC was 20.05 mg/g, which was higher than that of CSBC (18.77 mg/g). The adsorption kinetic data were well fitted by the pseudo-second-order model and the adsorption isotherms were well represented by the Sips isotherm model. The thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic, and the entropy increased. The potential adsorption mechanism was the electrostatic adsorption of anionic Cr(VI) to the positively charged MCSBC surface, the reduction of Cr(VI) into Cr(III) and the complexation of Cr(III) by oxygen-containing functional groups of MCSBC. The regeneration studies showed that MCSBC kept 80% of its initial Cr(VI) adsorption capacity in the cycle. All the findings suggest that this novel magnetic biochar could be used in the field of Cr(VI)-containing wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Chemical control of stalk regrowth in glyphosate-resistant transgenic cotton

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 530-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre C. de B. Ferreira ◽  
Julio C. Bogiani ◽  
Valdinei Sofiatti ◽  
João L. da Silva Filho
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Transgenic Cotton ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Cotton Stalk ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Mechanical Destruction ◽  
Glufosinate Ammonium ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT Cotton stalk regrowth must be controlled after harvest to ensure the phytosanitary quality and sustainability of cotton farming systems. Mechanical destruction generally does not conform to the no-tillage system, and the control of cotton stalk regrowth by herbicides is little studied in Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of herbicides to control glyphosate-resistant transgenic cotton stalk regrowth. The study was conducted in three environments of the Brazilian Cerrado region, two in Santa Helena de Goiás (SHGO), during 2013 and 2014, and one in Luís Eduardo Magalhães (LEM-BA) in 2014. In each of the three environments, the experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block with four replications. Each experiment consisted of different combinations of herbicides and one untreated control. Cotton stalk regrowth was influenced by the three environments. Two sequential 2,4-D amine applications, each with 1,000 g ha-1 of acid equivalent, resulted in better cotton stalk destruction, albeit with 4.9, 16.9 and 36.9% of cotton stalk regrowth in SHGO 2013 and 2014, and LEM-BA 2014, respectively. A single application of 2,4-D amine and a 2,4-D amine spraying followed by the application of carfentrazone-ethyl, paraquat, saflufenacil, paraquat + diuron or glufosinate-ammonium are not effective to control glyphosate-resistant transgenic cotton stalk regrowth. The best destruction of cotton stalk regrowth occurs with two sequential applications of 2,4-D amine.

Efficient conversion of cotton stalks over a Fe modified HZSM-5 catalyst under microwave irradiation

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (34) ◽  
pp. 28532-28537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangjin Kong ◽  
Xiaole Li ◽  
Shuxiang Wu ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Junhai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Cotton Stalk ◽  
Efficient Conversion ◽  
Fe Species ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
Bio Oil

Doped amounts of Fe species to HZSM-5 distinctly improved the catalytic performance of the catalyst for the liquefaction of cotton stalk to bio-oil due to the enhanced total and weak acid sites.

Detoxification of Asbestos and Asbestos-Containing Cement Board

2006 ◽  
Vol 11-12 ◽  
pp. 85-88
Author(s):  
Shinobu Hashimoto ◽  
Sawao Honda ◽  
Hideo Awaji ◽  
Koichiro Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dehydration Reaction ◽  
Mechanical Destruction ◽  
Chemical Destruction ◽  
Cement Board

Mechanical destruction of acicular asbestos has been carried out as a process for decontamination. The dehydration reaction of asbestos occurred at 600°C and has been completed for 2 h at that temperature. This dehydration reaction of asbestos led to weakening of the mechanical properties of asbestos. After grinding, the microstructure of asbestos appeared no acicular shape. Further, this technique could be applied to asbestos-containing cement board. The spent cement board has about 10-20 mass% of asbestos (chrysotile: Mg3Si2O5(OH)4) and 5 mm thickness was used. After heating at 600°C for 2 h and grinding, the microstructure of the sample also appeared no acicular shape. Thus it was cleared that heating at 600°C and then grinding treatment for asbestos (chrysotile) has a grate important effect of mechanical and chemical destruction of asbestos in both cases of free asbestos and asbestos-containing cement board.

scholarly journals Pest and Weed Control in Crops, A Non-chemical Approach

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 906C-906
Author(s):  
A.A. Csizinszky
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Protection Systems

Crops that are produced without manufactured fertilizers and protected from plant pests and weeds without manufactured chemicals are gaining in popularity among consumers. Non-chemical methods of plant protection, such as the development of biocides from plants, would be desirable for environmental and economic reasons and because of pesticide tolerance of some plant pathogens and insects. Extracts and their individual ingredients from several plant species have been used experimentally against plant pathogenic bacteria, insects, and weeds. There are problems, however, that make the use of biocides difficult: low concentration of active ingredients in the plants; purification of active ingredients from dozens of secondary compounds; instability of the active ingredients when exposed to light and air; and the mode of action is little understood or unknown. The technological and scientific advances that could allow the use of non-chemical based plant protection systems and the problems with such systems will be considered and discussed.

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