scholarly journals Association of Mechanical and Chemical Methods for Cotton Stalk Destruction

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. FRANCISCHINI ◽  
J. CONSTANTIN ◽  
W.D. MATTE ◽  
R.S. OLIVEIRA JR. ◽  
F.A. RIOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Cotton Stalk ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Prophylactic Measure ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Integrated Methods

ABSTRACT: The destruction of cotton stalks after harvesting is a prophylactic measure aimed at reducing the population of insects and disease inoculants that may remain in the crop residues and remaining cotton plants. The objective of this work was to evaluate integrated methods of management of the cotton stalks, combining mechanical and chemical control, to promote the eradication of cotton stalks. A 7x5 factorial experiment was installed where seven different methods of mechanical control of cotton stalk and five herbicide treatments were tested. The percentage of control (visual scale of 0 to 100%) and the number of plants regrowth per meter were evaluated at 14, 28 and 50 days after herbicide application treatment. At the end of the experiment, the size of the regrowth was evaluated at 50 days. The methods of management with mowing associated with an application on the stalk followed by another application to plant regrowth’s and mowing with two sequential applications in the sprouts, for the herbicidal treatments 2,4-D + glyphosate in association with [imazapic + imazapyr]) or saflufenacil, promoted the highest control rates of cotton stalks. Aiming at the effectiveness and speed of control, the management with the application of the treatment with 2,4-D + glyphosate + saflufenacil on the stalk, after mowing, associated to another application in the regrowth, provided 100% control at 14 days after the last application and totally inhibited the regrowth of the stalks, and was considered the most effective in the destruction of cotton stalks.

scholarly journals Mowing Associated to Chemical Control for Glyphosate-Resistant Cotton Stalk Destruction

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.B.P. BRAZ ◽  
E.R. ANDRADE JR. ◽  
M. NICOLAI ◽  
R.F. LOPEZ OVEJERO ◽  
A.L. CAVENAGHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Cotton Stalk ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

ABSTRACT: Post-harvest cotton stalk control is mandatory in many cotton producing countries, and the major methods used for this practice are mechanical and chemical (glyphosate and 2,4-D as the most usual herbicides applied), or a combination of both. However, the adoption of glyphosate-resistant cotton varieties by growers have required the development of alternative chemical treatments. Six trials were conducted to evaluate systems combining mowing and chemical control of glyphosate-resistant cotton stalks. Experiments conducted in 2014 were installed in randomized complete block design with nineteen treatments and four replicates. In 2015, the experiments were also conducted in randomized complete block design with eleven treatments and four replicates. Herbicide treatments were applied after cotton stalk mowing. Cotton stalk control varied according to rainfall regime after herbicide application. A single herbicide application to stub regrowth plants did not provide acceptable efficacy in cotton stalk destruction, independently of the treatment used. The best options for glyphosate-resistant cotton stalk control consisted of 2,4-D application immediately after mowing, followed by sequential application of combinations of 2,4-D with flumiclorac, carfentrazone or imazethapyr.

scholarly journals Integration of Stalk Destruction Methods for the Glyphosate Herbicide-Resistant Cotton

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Valdinei Sofiatti ◽  
Odilon RRF Silva ◽  
Edson R Andrade Junior ◽  
Alexandre CB Ferreira ◽  
Fabiano J Perina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Cotton Stalk ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Mechanical Destruction ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
Chemical Destruction ◽  
Glyphosate Herbicide

The increase in geographical areas used for cultivation of transgenic glyphosate herbicide-resistant cotton has hindered the stalk destruction, compromised the phytosanitary break implementation and consequently increased the population of insect pests and cotton plant pathogens. This study evaluated the efficiency of the combining mechanical and chemical methods in the destruction of transgenic cotton stalk resistant to the glyphosate herbicide. Two experiments were carried out in 2015 and 2016 in Primavera do Leste,-Mato Grosso, Brazil and Luís Eduardo Magalhães, Bahia, Brazil, respectively. The study evaluated different mechanical destruction equipment in combination with the chemical methods. In each environment, a randomized block experiment with four replications was employed. The results of the experiments indicated that the mechanical destruction increased the control efficiency by at least 10% when compared to chemical destruction of the cotton stalk. Chemical destruction with herbicides combined with mechanical destruction methods does not increase the control efficiency of cotton stalks destruction. Furthermore, the application of hormonal herbicides following the mechanical shredding of cotton stalks does not increase the control efficiency of glyphosate-resistant cotton stalk.

Effects of glyphosate, flupropanate and 2,2-DPA on Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf (Coolatai grass)

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Lodge ◽  
MG McMillan ◽  
LH McCormick ◽  
AS Cook
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Grazing Lands

Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf (Coolatai or Tambookie grass) has invaded roadside areas, travelling stock routes and grazing lands in northern New South Wales and southern Queensland. In these situations it is regarded as an undesirable species. There are no herbicides registered for use on this grass and little information is available on the long-term effectiveness of chemical control. Plots consisted of: 3 treatments imposed before herbicide application (untreated, mown and burnt); 5 herbicides [glyphosate, flupropanate (formerly tetrapion), 2,2-DPA, mixtures of glyphosatel flupropanate, and an untreated control]; 3 application rates for each herbicide; and 2 times of herbicide application (spring 1990 and autumn 1991). Herbicide effectiveness on Coolatai grass was measured by comparing reductions in dry matter and phytotoxicity up to 20 months after application. Six months after the spring application, yields were depressed (P<0.05) by herbicides (flupropanate applied at 4.4 kg a.i./ha and 2,2-DPA at 14.8 kg a.i./ha) and preapplication treatments (burnt plots sprayed with flupropanate at 1.1 and 2.2 kg a.i./ha), but their overall interaction was not significant. Ten months after autumn application, Coolatai grass yields were reduced (P<0.05) by herbicide, pre-application treatment and their interaction. Mowing and burning reduced (P<0.05) yields to 40 % of those in undefoliated plots. Yields were lowest (P<0,05) in mown (flupropanate 4.4 kg a.i./ha) and burnt (glyphosate, 2.16 and 4.32 kg a.i./ha, and flupropanate, 4.4 kg a.i./ha) treatments, where mean yields were <30% of the control. Seventeen and 20 months after application, none of the herbicide treatments gave 100% control of Coolatai grass. Glyphosate applied at 2.16 and 4.32 kg a.i./ha in autumn and flupropanate applied at 4.4 kg a.i./ha in autumn or spring were the most effective in the long term, reducing Coolatai grass dry matter yields by 70-80%.

scholarly journals A Weed Compaction Roller System for Use with Mechanical Herbicide Application

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam H. Wiese ◽  
Daniel A. Netzer ◽  
Don E. Riemenschneider ◽  
Ronald S. Zalesny
Keyword(s):  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Roller System ◽  
The Cost

Abstract We designed, constructed, and field-tested a versatile and unique weed compaction roller system that can be used with mechanical herbicide application for invasive weed control in tree plantations, agronomic settings, and areas where localized flora and fauna are in danger of elimination from the landscape. The weed compaction roller system combined with herbicide application generally had greater vegetation control compared with using only herbicide treatments or the unsprayed control. The roller system-herbicide treatment combination showed substantial total vegetation control two growing seasons after application without impacting diameter growth of the crop trees, which supports the need for less frequent entries into the field. The cost of the roller system was approximately $300.00.

scholarly journals S-metolachlor efficacy on the control of Brachiaria decumbens, Digitaria horizontalis, and Panicum maximum in mechanically green harvested sugarcane

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. Correia ◽  
F.J. Perussi ◽  
L.J.P. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of S-metolachlor applied in pre-emergence conditions for the control of Brachiaria decumbens, Digitaria horizontalis, and Panicum maximum in sugar cane mechanically harvested without previous burning of the crop (green harvest) with the crop residue either left or not on the soil surface. The experiments were established in the field according to a randomized complete block design with four repetitions in a 7 x 2 split-plot scheme. In the plots, five herbicide treatments were studied (S-metolachlor at 1.44, 1.92, and 2.40 kg ha-1, clomazone at 1.20 kg ha-1, and isoxaflutole at 0.188 kg ha-1), and two control treatments with no herbicide application. In the subplots, the presence or absence of sugar cane crop residue on the soil surface was evaluated. S-metolachlor efficacy was not hampered by either 14 or 20 t ha-1 of sugar cane crop residue on the soil surface. When sugar cane crop residue was covering the soil surface, S-metolachlor at a rate of 1.44 kg ha-1 resulted in weed control similar at their larger rates, where as without the presence of crop residue, S-metolachlor controlled B. decumbens, D. horizontalis, and P. maximum at the rates of 1.92, 1.44, and 1.92 kg ha-1, respectively. The herbicides clomazone and isoxaflutole were effective for the studied species, independently of the crop residue covering the soil surface. S-metolachlor caused no visible injury symptoms to the sugar cane plant. Clomazone and isoxaflutole caused visible injuries to the sugar cane plant. None of the herbicides negatively affected the number of viable culms m² or the culm height and diameter.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cotton stalks destroyers

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 965-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aloisio Bianchini ◽  
Pedro H. de M. Borges
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Mechanical Destruction ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
Medium Texture

The destruction of the cotton crop residues (cotton stalks) is a mandatory procedure in Brazil for prophylactic issues, but is a subject unexplored by the research and there are few studies that deal with this issue. However, this is not encouraged in recent decades, studies aimed at developing and evaluating equipment for this purpose. The present study had the objective to evaluate six methods for mechanical destruction of cotton crop residues. Each method was defined based on the principle of operation of the active parts of the equipment, which were tested in medium texture soil and in a clayey one. The variables used to evaluate the efficiency of the equipment were the regrowth rate, the theoretical field capacity and energy demand. The equipment with convergent concave disks (DCC) and flat cutters discs from manufacturer A (CPS-a) showed the best results in cotton stalks destruction in both soil types. The harrow disc (GPD) was efficient only in clay soil. It was concluded that the equipment with convergent concave disks, among those tested, was the most efficient to destroy cotton stalks, regardless of soil type, and that the harrow disc was not included among the best performers.

scholarly journals Evaluation of POST-Harvest Herbicide Applications for Seed Prevention of Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney D. Crow ◽  
Lawrence E. Steckel ◽  
Robert M. Hayes ◽  
Thomas C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Soil Seedbank ◽  
Residual Herbicide

Recent increases in the prevalence of glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth mandate that new control strategies be developed to optimize weed control and crop performance. A field study was conducted in 2012 and 2013 in Jackson, TN, and in 2013 in Knoxville, TN, to evaluate POST weed management programs applied after harvest (POST-harvest) for prevention of seed production from GR Palmer amaranth and to evaluate herbicide carryover to winter wheat. Treatments were applied POST-harvest to corn stubble, with three applications followed by a PRE herbicide applied at wheat planting. Paraquat alone or mixed withS-metolachlor controlled 91% of existing Palmer amaranth 14 d after treatment but did not control regrowth. Paraquat tank-mixed with a residual herbicide of metribuzin, pyroxasulfone, saflufenacil, flumioxazin, pyroxasulfone plus flumioxazin, or pyroxasulfone plus fluthiacet improved control of regrowth or new emergence compared with paraquat alone. All residual herbicide treatments provided similar GR Palmer amaranth control. Through implementation of POST-harvest herbicide applications, the addition of 1,200 seed m−2or approximately 12 million seed ha−1to the soil seedbank was prevented. Overall, the addition of a residual herbicide provided only 4 to 7% more GR Palmer amaranth control than paraquat alone. Wheat injury was evident (< 10%) in 2012 from the PRE applications, but not in 2013. Wheat grain yield was not adversely affected by any herbicide application.

Using the Rosette Technique for Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Control in Row Crops

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett R. Miller ◽  
Rodney G. Lym
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Standard Practices

Clopyralid applied to Canada thistle rosettes has provided better control in the following growing season than applications to bolted plants. The objectives of this research were to determine if using cultivation to prevent plants from bolting prior to herbicide application (the rosette technique) could be successfully incorporated into a row crop production system and to evaluate the effect of Canada thistle growth stage on the absorption and translocation of14C-clopyralid. Canada thistle control 8 mo after postharvest herbicide treatment (MAFT) using the rosette technique was similar to control when using conventional in-crop plus postharvest herbicide treatments in corn and soybean. Glyphosate and clopyralid plus 2,4-D were the most consistent postharvest herbicide treatments for Canada thistle control 8 MAFT in corn and soybean. Corn yields were similar, but soybean yields were slightly lower when Canada thistle was controlled using cultivation compared to conventional herbicide treatments.14C-clopyralid translocation to Canada thistle roots and lower shoot parts was greater when clopyralid was applied to the rosette stage than when applied to bolted Canada thistle plants. The increased translocation probably accounts for the increased Canada thistle control observed in the field. Incorporating the rosette technique into a weed management program should allow growers to control Canada thistle with less herbicide input than do standard practices.

scholarly journals Effects of Herbicides on Sclerotinia Crown and Stem Rot of Alfalfa

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 787-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Reichard ◽  
R. M. Sulc ◽  
L. H. Rhodes ◽  
M. M. Loux
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Infection Period ◽  
Seedling Inoculation ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Environment Study

This study was conducted to determine whether herbicides and adjuvants registered for poste-mergence use in alfalfa have an effect on Sclerotinia crown and stem rot (SCSR). In a controlled environment, disease severity index (DSI) of alfalfa seedlings was reduced by pronamide and 2,4-DB compared with the untreated control, whereas bromoxynil and 13% sethoxydim + petroleum-based adjuvant (PBA) increased DSI. In the field, disease severity in all herbicide treatments was similar to that in untreated alfalfa. In a second controlled-environment study, pronamide and 2,4-DB reduced DSI compared with the no herbicide control when seedlings were inoculated 1 day after herbicide application, but this protective effect was not observed when seedlings were inoculated 8 days or longer after herbicide application. The results demonstrate that several herbicides are capable of suppressing or enhancing SCSR severity in a controlled environment if seedling inoculation occurs soon after herbicide application; however, the residual effect of these herbicides on SCSR appeared to be much shorter than the 4- to 6-week infection period occurring in the field.

scholarly journals A Multy-Year Study Reveals the Importance of Residual Herbicides on Weed Control in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. NUNES ◽  
J. LORENSET ◽  
J.E. GUBIANI ◽  
F.M. SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

ABSTRACT: A 3-year field study was conducted to assess the potential for using pre-emergent (PRE) herbicides tank mixed with glyphosate as a means of controlling weed species in soybean. In 2011/12, 2012/13 and 2013/14 growing sessions soybean cultivar Brasmax Apollo RR was planted under residues of rye. The herbicide treatments glyphosate (gly) (1,296 g a.i. ha-1), gly + S-metolachlor (1,296 + 1,920), gly + imazaquin (1,296 +161), gly + pendimethalin (1,296 + 1,000), gly + metribuzin (1,296 + 480), gly + 2.4-D amine (1,296 + 1,209) was applied in pre-emergence (PRE) over rye crop residues two days before soybean sowing. In addition, full season weed-free and weedy control plots were included. Gly + S-metolachlor and gly + pendimethalin reduced the horseweed density from 48 to 3 and 6 plants m-2, respectively. The mix containing gly + metribuzin and gly + 2.4-D amine and gly applied alone had no effect in the horseweed control. The mix containing gly + metribuzin, gly + 2.4-D amine, gly + imazaquin and gly applied alone had no effect in the crabgrass control. In contrast gly + S-metolachlor and gly + pendimethalin reduced the crabgrass density from 70 to 0 and 1 plant m-2, respectively. The soybean yield was higher with weed-free, S-metolachlor and metribuzin treatments. The use of an herbicide with residual effect had impact on weed management and soybean yield. In conclusion, a greater control of horseweed and crabgrass occurred when S-metolachlor or pendimethalin was applied PRE.

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