Chlorine Nutrition of Oil Palm Tree (Elaeis Guinq Jacq) in Eastern Amazon

In Brazil, the status of chlorine (Cl) nutrition in plants is still poorly studied. The micronutrient Cl plays an important role in cultures such as coconut and oil palm trees. This study aimed to evaluate the status of chlorine nutrition in oil palm trees as a function of planting age, which ranged from two to eight years of cultivation. The experiment was conducted in Tailândia, state of Pará, Brazil. The soil of the area is characterized as Yellow Latosol of medium texture. A total of four oil palm trees were sampled for each age and the following variables were analyzed: leaf, petioles, rachis, palm heart, arrows, stipe, male inflorescences, peduncles, spikelets and fruits, as well as the accumulated, recycled and immobilized levels of Cl. Oil palm trees proved to be demanding in Cl and the accumulation in the different vegetative organs increased with the development of the plant. The stipe was the main storing vegetative organ of this micronutrient. The highest demand of Cl (16.9-26.0 g/kg) occurred in the palm heart, while for male inflorescence, the values ranged from 3.3-4.1 g/kg of Cl. The levels of Cl recycled by the plant were higher than the immobilized and exported levels considering the development up to 4 years of age. After this age, the levels of recycled Cl are lower than those immobilized. As for the amount of Cl exported by clusters in 8-year-old plants, the values were 3.2 and 1.3 times lower than the recycled and immobilized levels, respectively.

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PENDAPATAN USAHATANI KELAPA SAWIT PASCA UMUR PRODUKTIF DI DESA BUKIT MAKMUR KECAMATAN SUNGAI BAHAR KABUPATEN MUARO JAMBI

Jurnal MeA (Media Agribisnis) ◽

10.33087/mea.v6i1.94 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Nida Kemala ◽

Wiwin Alawiyah ◽

Prasetyo Yuanwiarno

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Research Area ◽

Palm Trees ◽

Average Production ◽

The Status ◽

Farmer Income

AbstractThis research was conducted in Bukit Makmur Village, Sungai Bahar Sub-District, Muaro Jambi Regency. The location was selected purposively based on that village has the largest number of farmers with post productive oil palm trees among the villages in the sub-district. The research took place since mei 2020. The research aimed was to find out the descriptions of the business activities of post productive oil palm farming, its farmer income. The number of sampels taken in the research were 41 famers which taken by simple random sampling method. To know the description of post productive oil palm farming activity in the research area was analized by descriptive analysis. The results showed that the average area of land owned by farmers was 3.54 hectares with the status of private ownership and the majority of oil palm plants were 28.85 years on average. The average production of oil palm farming was 2,908 kg / month. Revenues ranged from Rp. 1,015,800-2,686,400 / Ha / Month with an average income of Rp. 1,311,417 / Ha / Month with a Production cost of Rp. 528,832 / Ha / Month. Meanwhile, the total income ranges from Rp. 300,913 - 2,189,206 / Ha / month with an average farmer income of Rp. 782,585 / Ha / Month.Keywords : Income, Oil Palm, post productive AbstrakPenelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Bukit Makmur, Kecamatan Sungai Bahar, Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. Lokasi ini dipilih secara sengaja karena desa ini memiliki petani kelapa sawit pasca umur produktif dengan jumlah terbanyak diantara desa lainnya di Kecamatan Sungai Bahar. Penelitian ini berlangsung sejak Mei 2020. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran usahatani kelapa sawit pasca umur produktif dan pendapatan yang diperoleh petani dari usahatani kelapa sawit pasca umur produktif. Jumlah sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah 41 orang petani yang diilih secara acak (simple random sampling). Untuk mengetahui gambaran usahatani kelapa sawit pasca umur produktif di Desa Bukit Makmur dianalisis secara deskriptif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Rata–rata luas lahan yang dimiliki petani adalah 3,54 Ha dengan status milik pribadi dan mayoritas tanaman kelapa sawit sudah berumur tua rata – rata 28,85 tahun. Rata – rata produksi hasil usahatani kelapa sawit adalah 2.908 kg/bulan. Penerimaan berkisar antara Rp.1.015.800-2.686.400/Ha/Bulan dengan rata-rata penerimaan sebesar Rp. 1.311.417/Ha/Bulan dengan biaya Produksi sebesar Rp. 528.832 /Ha/Bulan. Sedangkan total pendapatan berkisar antara Rp 300.913-2.189.206/Ha/Bulan dengan rata-rata pendapatan petani sebesar Rp. 782.585/Ha/Bulan. Kata Kunci : Pendapatan, Kelapa Sawit, Pasca umur Produktif

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Enumeration of Plant Species Inhabiting Oil Palm Trees (Elaeis-guineensis) at Zawlpui Plantation Site, Serchhip District, Mizoram

Science & Technology Journal ◽

10.22232/stj.2021.09.01.06 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 32-35

Author(s):

Lal awmpuia ◽

◽

H. Lalruatsanga ◽

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Plant Species ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Vascular Plant ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Small Scale ◽

Palm Tree ◽

Palm Trees ◽

Plant Stem

A survey of plant species inhabiting oil palm trees was conducted in Zawlpui area of Serchhip district, Mizoram. The study area is a tropical potent agriculture zone, wherein small-scale business of Elaeis guineensis plantation is carried out by several farmers mainly within the gentle sloppy terrain. Oil palm with a rough bark harbors immense inhabitation by a variety plants, that rooted mostly on the debris at leaf base. Species diversity on the plant stem supposedly encourage insects and termites to establish herewith, thus causing harming to the tree. The sample stands within 400 m–800 m altitude were picked randomly. A total of 50 palm tree were accounted and all associated plants on the stem above 30 cm from the ground are all recorded. Species that cannot be identified on the site were pressed and observed at Botany Research lab, Pachhunga University College. The survey documented 38 vascular plant species which include 4 epiphytes and 1 non-vascular species of lichen, 1 bryophyte and 4 fungal species at that time. Invasive Peperomia pellucida and epiphytic pteridophytes Nephrolepis biserrata was found in most of the stand sample; however, Peperomia population decreases with the increasing elevation. Dynamics of inhabitant species diversity also correlate to location of tree. The study also established that diversity of inhabiting species was comparatively high on parts of the stem facing sunlight.

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Gibberellinlike activity in phloem sap of the oil palm tree (Elaeis guineensis)

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b86-030 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 214-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

O. O. Otusanya ◽

A. C. Adebona

Keyword(s):

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Paper Chromatography ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Palm Tree ◽

Phloem Sap ◽

Male Inflorescence

During a 1-year cycle the acidic, ethyl acetate soluble gibberellinlike activity in the phloem sap of the emergent male inflorescence of the oil palm tree (Elaesis guineensis Jacq.) was assayed with barley half-seeds after separation on paper chromatography. Gibberellinlike substances which cochromatograph with gibberellic acid 3 were translocated to the male emerging inflorescence stalk. Their quantity was maximal (45 μg L−1 of sap) in late November, and minimal (1.5 μg L−1 of sap) during March to August.

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Oil Palm Tree Detection and Health Classification on High-Resolution Imagery Using Deep Learning

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11020183 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 183

Author(s):

Kanitta Yarak ◽

Apichon Witayangkurn ◽

Kunnaree Kritiyutanont ◽

Chomchanok Arunplod ◽

Ryosuke Shibasaki

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Ground Truth ◽

Palm Tree ◽

Effective Management ◽

Visual Interpretation ◽

Healthy Tree ◽

Tree Detection ◽

Palm Trees ◽

High Resolution Imagery

Combining modern technology and agriculture is an important consideration for the effective management of oil palm trees. In this study, an alternative method for oil palm tree management is proposed by applying high-resolution imagery, combined with Faster-RCNN, for automatic detection and health classification of oil palm trees. This study used a total of 4172 bounding boxes of healthy and unhealthy palm trees, constructed from 2000 pixel × 2000 pixel images. Of the total dataset, 90% was used for training and 10% was prepared for testing using Resnet-50 and VGG-16. Three techniques were used to assess the models’ performance: model training evaluation, evaluation using visual interpretation, and ground sampling inspections. The study identified three characteristics needed for detection and health classification: crown size, color, and density. The optimal altitude to capture images for detection and classification was determined to be 100 m, although the model showed satisfactory performance up to 140 m. For oil palm tree detection, healthy tree identification, and unhealthy tree identification, Resnet-50 obtained F1-scores of 95.09%, 92.07%, and 86.96%, respectively, with respect to visual interpretation ground truth and 97.67%, 95.30%, and 57.14%, respectively, with respect to ground sampling inspection ground truth. Resnet-50 yielded better F1-scores than VGG-16 in both evaluations. Therefore, the proposed method is well suited for the effective management of crops.

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UAV application to estimate oil palm trees health using Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARI) (Case study of Cikabayan Research Farm, Bogor City)

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202021105001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 211 ◽

pp. 05001

Author(s):

Medina Nur Anisa ◽

Rokhmatuloh ◽

Revi Hernina

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Point Clouds ◽

Surface Model ◽

Palm Tree ◽

Vector Form ◽

Tree Health ◽

Aerial Photos ◽

Palm Trees ◽

Dense Point

This article describes the making of an oil palm tree health map using aerial photos extracted from UAV DJI Phantom 4. A DJI Phantom 4 was flown at 100 meters height at the Cikabayan Research Farm, Bogor City. Raw aerial photos from DJI Phantom 4 were processed using Agisoft Photoscan software to generate dense point clouds. These points were computed to produce a digital surface model (DSM) and orthophotos with a spatial resolution of 2.73 cm/pixel. Red, green, and blue bands of the photos were computed to provide the Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARI). Also, orthophotos containing oil palm trees were digitized to create points in vector form. VARI pixel values were added to each point and classified into four classes: Needs Inspection, Declining Health, Moderately health, and Healthy. Resulted oil palm tree health map reveals that most of the oil palm trees in the study location are classified as Declining Health and Needs Inspection. Profitably, plantation workers can directly inspect oil palm trees whose health are declining, based on information derived from oil palm tree health map. The information that comes from this study will significantly save time and effort in monitoring oil palm trees’ healthiness.

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Myxobiota of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: species on oil palm tree (Elaeis guineensis, Arecaceae)

Rodriguésia ◽

10.1590/2175-7860201061402 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 575-583 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Clebson Firmino da Silva ◽

Laise de Holanda Cavalcanti

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Species Abundance ◽

Palm Tree ◽

Forest Fragments ◽

Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽

Forest Species ◽

Palm Trees ◽

Ecological Reserve

Abstract Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (Arecaceae), the oil palm tree, serves as a phorophyte for many different groups of organisms, someof whichhelp decompose organic matter comingfromthe organs of the tree itself or fromremainsof other plants retained in leaf sheaths. To study the myxobiota of E. guineensis, we examined living and dead trunks, leaves, bracts and inflorescences in the Gurjaú Ecological Reserve, in the township of Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Pernambuco, Brazil. Incidence and species abundance were determined in three Atlantic forest fragments. The reported species are listed herein, followed the known distribution of each species in Brazil, and which of them occur on palm trees. All of the subclasses and five orders were recorded and 22 species were added to the list of myxomycetes associated with oil palm trees in Brazil. The highest incidence value was recorded on dead leaves. Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (O. F. Müll.) T. Macbr., Arcyria cinerea (Bull.)Pers. and Physarum compressum Alb.& Schwein. werethe most commonspecies, while Hemitrichia serpula (Scop.) Rostaf. ex Lister showed the highest levels of abundance and incidence, thus confirming its preference for the substrates provided by palm trees.

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Weed Species Distribution of Juvenile Oil Palm Tree (Elaeis guineensis) Intercropped with Maize (Zea mays), Okra (Abelmoshus esculentus) and Pepper (Capsicum anuum var. abbreviatum)

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb649358 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 483-490

Author(s):

Ayodele Samuel OLUWATOBI ◽

Kehinde Stephen OLORUNMAIYE

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Species Distribution ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Block Design ◽

Control Plot ◽

Palm Tree ◽

Weed Species ◽

Palm Trees

This field experiment was carried out to evaluate the weed species distribution in the experimental plots of an intercrop of juvenile oil palm trees (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) with maize (Zea mays Linn.), okra (Abelmoschus esculentus Moench) and pepper (Capsicum annuum var. abbreviatum). This was carried out during the cropping season between July and October 2012. The crops were intercropped with the juvenile oil palm trees of about 3-years-old. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized block design with five (5) replicates. The treatments comprised of intercropping distances of 1 m, 2 m and 3 m each for the three (3) crops (maize, okra and pepper) and a plot for each of the three (3) arable crops without oil palm trees as control. Weed species distribution was carried out in each of the plots to determine the Simpson’s Diversity Index (D), Simpson’s Index of Diversity (1-D) and Simpson’s Reciprocal Index (1/D). Weed species’ frequency, density, relative density, relative frequency, importance value, abundance, dominance and relative dominance were also computed from data collected at 3WAP and 6WAP. The results showed that the control plot has the highest weed species distribution at 3WAP having the lowest Simpson’s Diversity Index (D) of 0.0930. Okra plot has the least weed species distribution with the highest Simpson’s Diversity Index (D) of 0.2726. At 6WAP, the pepper plot has the highest weed species distribution having the lowest Simpson’s Diversity Index (D) of 0.1741. Control plot has the least weed species distribution with highest Simpson’s Diversity Index (D) of 0.2831.

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Effect of supplementary irrigation on the transpiration and reproductive development of oil palm trees during the dry season in Tabasco, Mexico

Cahiers Agricultures ◽

10.1051/cagri/2021026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

José Hipólito Rodolfo Mendoza-Hernández ◽

César J. Vázquez-Navarrete ◽

Luz del Carmen Lagunes-Espinoza ◽

Joaquín A. Rincón-Ramírez ◽

Nydia del Rivero-Bautista ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Use ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Plant Density ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Dry Season ◽

Palm Tree ◽

Phenological Stages ◽

Palm Trees ◽

Supplementary Irrigation ◽

Fruit Formation

Some oil palm production zones have periods of low rainfall, eliciting to water stress and impacting yields. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the supplementary irrigation application during the dry season, on the water use and the transpiration of oil palm trees, and on morphological changes that occur during the different phenological stages. The monitored site was an oil palm plantation in Jalapa, Tabasco, Mexico (17° 38 N; 92° 56 W; altitude 20 m). There, the plant density is 143 palms ha−1. Two areas of palm trees with ages of 6 and 11 years were located. The soil type was classified as Gleysol. A weather station was placed in a pasture adjacent (1 km) to the plantation. The variables, evaluated from April 1 to June 23, 2017, included the structural characteristics of the plantation, sap flow, transpiration, and the morphological changes at the different phenological stages, which were assessed based on the BBCH scale. The results showed that the water use per palm tree (102–140 kg day−1) and the transpiration (1.59–2.11 mm day−1) were not significantly different among palm trees ages. The application of irrigation during the dry season maintained transpiration in palms of both ages and favoured inflorescence development and fruit formation by shortening the number of days it took the palm plants to reach fruit formation stage (stages 503-700), but increased the number of days required by the bunches to reach maturation (stages 709 to harvest). This study conducted during few months needs to be confirmed by longer term monitoring.

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Phosphorus in Oil Palm Cultivated in the Oriental Amazon

Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.5296/jas.v9i3.18631 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Ismael De Jesus Matos Viegas ◽

Magda Do Nascimento Farias ◽

Eric Victor de Oliveira Ferreira ◽

Henrique Da Silva Barata ◽

Heráclito Eugênio Oliveira da Conceição ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

The Other ◽

P Availability ◽

P Nutrition ◽

P Concentration ◽

Male Inflorescence ◽

Palm Heart ◽

Low Phosphorus ◽

Plant Components

Amazon soils have a low phosphorus (P) availability and few studies have investigated nutrition of palm oil plantations. This study assessed the effects of P nutrition on oil palm organs according to plant age. The experiment was carried out under field conditions, at the enterprise Agropalma S/A, in the municipality of Tailândia, Pará State, Brazil. The experimental design used was completely randomized with four replications and comprised seven treatments: plants age (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 years of planting). We evaluated P concentration, accumulation, and exportation in plant components (leaflets, petioles, stipe, rachis, palm heart, arrows, male inflorescences, peduncles, spikelets, and fruits). Palm heart (10.9 g kg-1) and male inflorescence (3.8 g kg-1) showed the highest P concentrations in the vegetative and reproductive organs, respectively. On the other hand, the largest P accumulations were observed in the stipe (159 g plant-1) and fruits (59 g plant-1), increasing from the 3rd year of age of the plants. Bunches exported the largest P amounts (81 g plant-1), especially in older plants. The oil palm immobilizes (24 kg ha-1) and recycles (23 kg ha-1) a large amount of P, more than it exports (12 kg ha-1) P.

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Expert System Mediagnosa Hama On Phon Oil With Certainty Factor Method

Journal Of Computer Networks, Architecture and High Performance Computing ◽

10.47709/cnapc.v2i2.416 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 268-274

Author(s):

Lamhot Situmorang ◽

Fristi Riandari

Keyword(s):

Expert System ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Palm Tree ◽

Certainty Factor ◽

Tree Crops ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Factor Method ◽

Palm Trees

The process of palm oil culture is influenced by various factors, one of which is the pest and disease factors. Generally the problem of farmers differentiating pests and diseases, this is dyed most of the farmers lack information and rely on the experience of other farmers to overcome the existing pest and disease problems. In handling pests and diseases, it is necessary to have a farmer consilant who is able to diagnose pests and diseases on oil palm trees. In this study, an expert system for diagnosing pests and diseases in palm tree plants, as well as providing various solutions for pests or diseases. The method used in this expert system is the Certainty Fators method. Certainty Method The factors was chosen because this method is suitable in the process of determining the identification of pests and diseases and the result of this application is the percentage of the system. The percentage is influenced by the CF value obtained from the system, the percentage of expert system consultations is taken from the highest yield as an alternative to other pests or diseases that attack oil palm tree crops.

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