Improvement of Antitermitic Activities of Catechin by Combination with Heavy Metals

Holzforschung ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-460
Author(s):  
Wakako Ohmura ◽  
Seiji Ohara
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Uv Spectrum ◽  
Metal Mixtures ◽  
Heavy Metal Salts

Summary Antitermitic activities of catechin-metal complexes were investigated for further utilization of catechin as a termite control agent. Catechin (CA), heavy metal salts (NiCl2, CuCl2, ZnCl2) and CA/metal mixtures with Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) were subjected to bioassays using a subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. The astringent properties of each system were assessed by measuring the weight of precipitate with bovine serum albumin (BSA). Changes in UV spectra of the CA/metal mixtures were also measured. CA caused less than 30% mortality after the 21-day test period, and had no BSA-precipitating capacity. The effects of heavy metals on CA activities varied with metal. CA/Ni(II) showed the highest termiticidal activity among tested materials, but exhibited no BSA-precipitating capacity and little change in UV spectrum. On the other hand, both CA/Cu(II) and CA/Zn(II) increased the BSA-precipitating capacity and UV absorption with time after preparing the CA/metal solutions, but their termiticidal activity was almost equal to CA. Termiticidal activity of CA was improved by the addition of Ni(II) but hardly changed by Cu(II) or Zn(II), while astringent properties of CA were hardly changed by addition of Ni(II) but improved by Cu(II) or Zn(II). Termiticidal activity was negatively correlated with astringent property.

scholarly journals The effect of pulsation on the near-ultraviolet spectrum of AGB stars

2019 ◽  
Vol 491 (1) ◽  
pp. 680-689
Author(s):  
Martín A Guerrero ◽  
Roberto Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Small Amplitude ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Asymptotic Giant Branch ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agb Stars ◽  
Uv Spectrum ◽  
Isaac Newton ◽  
Pulsating Stars ◽  
Near Ultraviolet ◽  
The Continuum

ABSTRACT Pulsating and non-pulsating asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars exhibit a variable near-ultraviolet (near-UV) spectrum, which suggest that mechanisms other than pulsation may affect their near-UV spectrum. In this work, we analyse the near-UV spectra of two groups of AGB stars: (1) regularly pulsating and (2) irregular, small-amplitude stars. Near-UV and blue spectra were obtained for 27 stars distributed into these two groups with the Isaac Newton Telescope (La Palma, Spain). Additional near-UV spectra were taken from the iue library. The occurrence of Fe ii lines depends mainly on the intensity of the stellar continuum: as it increases, Fe ii lines are gradually hampered. Balmer emission lines are pulsation driven, as they appear only among the large-amplitude pulsating stars of our sample, between −0.10 < ϕ < 0.50. Among the regularly pulsating stars, the intensity of the Mg ii λ2800 doublet is driven by pulsation, with its maximum between 0.20 < ϕ < 0.35. On the other hand, this feature is also highly variable among small-amplitude, irregularly pulsating stars. This suggests that, besides pulsation, other mechanisms may participate in the formation of this line. The spectral slope between 3000 < λ(Å)<3200 is approximately constant among small-amplitude stars, but it shows a strong correlation with the phase of the pulsation in the other group, which indicates that the origin of the continuum is chromospheric. Different phase lags between the Mg ii λ2800 and the slope of the continuum suggests that this line and its neighbouring continuum might be formed in distinct places in the chromosphere or its surroundings.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Some Pesticides, Heavy Metals and Their Mixtures to Vibrio fischeri Bacteria and Daphnia magna: Comparative Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameeh A. Mansour ◽  
Alia A. Abdel-Hamid ◽  
Azza W. Ibrahim ◽  
Neveen H. Mahmoud ◽  
Walaa A. Moselhy
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metal Mixtures ◽  
Pesticide Mixtures ◽  
Bioluminescence Inhibition ◽  
Organic Pesticides

The present study was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition test (Microtox® assay), and the standard acute Daphnia magna test; using 3 heavy metals, 3 organic pesticides, and their mixtures. In Daphnia tests, either at 24h or 30 min exposure times, the pattern of toxicity order for heavy metals was Cu ˃ Cd ˃ Pb. Chlorpyrifos-methyl was the highest toxic at 24h, while Triazophos was the highest toxic at 30 min exposure times. In the Microtox® test at 5 min exposure time, the estimated EC50 values were 4.20, 4.53 and 6.60 mg/L for Cu, Cd and Pb, respectively. At the same exposure time, the EC50 values of Triazophos, Chlorpyrifos-Me and Profenofos accounted to 1.76, 3.36 and 4.12 mg/L, respectively. Similar order of toxicity was obtained when tests were conducted at 15 min exposure time. The paired mixtures of pesticides, as well as the mixtures of Cu + Cd and Pb + Cd, showed potentiation effects, while the mixture of Cu + Pb showed additive effect against D. magna. The tertiary mixtures of the pesticides or the heavy metals reacted antagonistically. In the Microtox® assay, the heavy metal mixtures reacted antagonistically, while pesticide mixtures showed synergism. It was concluded that both Daphnia and Microtox® tests showed similar pattern of sensitivity to the single toxicants, but dissimilar pattern to the heavy metal mixtures. On the other side, using shorter exposure time (ca. 30 min) with Daphnia bioassay may enable us to held reliable comparisons with Microtox® results.

scholarly journals VARIABILITY OF T-LYMPHOCYTES AND MACROFAGS COMPOSITION IN THE URINARY BLADDER UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF HEAVY METALS SALTS, CORRECTION OF THEIR EFFECT WITH VITAMIN E AND IN THE READAPTATION PERIOD

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
V.V. Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Heavy Metal Salts

In modern urology, it is important to study and understand the features of the development of various pathologies in the organs of the urinary system since the disturbances of the urodynamics is a widespread problem all over the world. Thus, the environment pollution caused by heavy metal salts has unpredictable consequences for the functioning of the urinary bladder. That is why the object of this study is to determine the features of the expression and the quantitative composition of T-cells and macrophages in the UB wall under the intake of the HMS and correction of their effect with vitamin E, as well as during the readaptation period. According to the experimental scenario, the experiment model was implemented by using male rats that were divided into six groups. The heavy metal salts mixture consisted of the most common potentially dangerous metals-microelements (zinc, cooper, iron, manganese, lead and chrome). Vitamin E was chosen as a corrector. To determine the quantitative composition of T-cells and macrophages the immunohistochemical identification by CD3 and CD68 antibodies was used. The main results are presented as M±SD, with the assessment of the differences and dependencies between the groups by using nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient. We found that the number of CD3+ lymphocytes and CD68+ macrophages differed between the groups and depended on the experimental conditions. Thus, the results of our study demonstrate that the number of T-cells and macrophages in the bladder increases under the influence of heavy metals salts. The simultaneous intake of the pollutants and vitamin E is accompanied by the decrease of expression intensity of the corresponding cells. When the intake of the heavy metals is canceled, the qualitative composition of the identified CD3 and CD68 cells gradually comes to the norm, but the speed of its reduction differs depending on the group of the readaptation. Discovered that the decrease of T-cells and macrophages in the groups with the use of vitamin E was more approached to the control. Based on the results of the immunohistochemical study, a strong correlation between an increased number of the expressed T-cells and macrophages was revealed in the urinary bladder during the whole period of the study that demonstrates the dependence of their activity.

scholarly journals The effect of copper ions on the growth and content of proline in wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
К. Aytlesov ◽  
◽  
К. Aubakirova ◽  
Z. Alikulov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Heavy Metal Salts ◽  
Effect Of Copper

The article presents the results of the study of the influence of copper heavy metals on the germination and growth of wheat seeds (Triticum aestirum L.) of the variety Akmola 2. The study was conducted under laboratory conditions. As a source of copper, concentrations of the CuSO4 salt of 50 μmol, 100 μmol, 150 μmol, and 300 μmol were taken. The seeds were pre-primed in a solution of molybdate (75 mM Na2MoO4*2H2O) for uniform germination. The results of the influence of primed and non-primed seeds on some physiological indicators of growth and development in these concentrations of copper are discussed. The germination rate of seeds primed for heavy metal salts remains higher than that of seeds not primed. It is shown that in response to stress caused by copper metal salts, plants are responsible for the accumulation of a significant amount of proline in the leaves and roots that perform a protective function. The results obtained indicate the resistance of the wheat plant to the effects of heavy metals of copper, seeds primed with molybdate.

scholarly journals The Toxic Action of Heavy Metal Salts on the Three-spined Stickleback (Gastrosteus aculeatus)

1935 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
J. R. ERICHSEN JONES
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Chemical Activity ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Metallic Cation ◽  
Heavy Metal Salts ◽  
Conductance Ratio ◽  
Relative Electrical Conductivity

1. The observations and conclusions of Carpenter (1927, 1930) regarding the toxic effect of heavy metal salts on the minnow (Leuciscus phoxinus) are shown to apply equally well to the three-spined stickleback (Gastrosteus aculeatus). 2. It is shown that in the case of heavy metal salts the toxic effect of hypertonic solutions is due chiefly to the metallic cation, the toxicity of the anion being relatively small, while in the case of hypotonic solutions the toxicity is due entirely or almost entirely to the cation. 3. Nevertheless, in equimolar concentrations, different salts of the same metal do not have equal or approximately equal toxicity. At the same molar concentration the sulphates of heavy metals are much less toxic than the nitrates or chlorides. This is not due to difference of pH. 4. This difference in toxicity is shown to be closely related to difference in relative electrical conductivity; the toxicity of nitrate, chloride and sulphate is determined, not by the normality alone, but by the product of the normality and conductance ratio. 5. It is concluded that the factors responsible for the lower electrical conductivity of the sulphate also lower the chemical activity of the sulphate so that the toxicity falls in proportion to the conductivity.

scholarly journals The morphological changes in parathyroid glands, caused simulated prolonged influence of heavy metal salts

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
A. Romaniuk ◽  
O. Tymakova ◽  
J. Lyndina ◽  
N. Gryntsova ◽  
I. Kravtsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Heavy Metal Salts ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

The main problem today is environmental pollution with heavy metal salts. Biological activity and their ability to accumulate in the environment and the body leads to the disruption of many systems and organs. Parathyroid glands are important regulators of calcium homeostasis, which affects a lot of physiological processes in the body. Therefore, the work is devoted to the study of the morphological and functional characteristics of the parathyroid glands of laboratory rats under conditions of prolonged use of a combination of heavy metal salts. Study of the peculiarities of the structure and functional activity of the glands was carried out on adult male rats (n = 12). The animals were divided into groups: the first — its control, the second — rats, which received a water solution of a mixture of salts of heavy metals. The material was taken on the 90th day of the experiment. Histological preparations were made 5–7 microns thick, stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Study of the linear parameters of the parathyroid glands was carried out on the largest longitudinal section. The area of the glands and cells, the thickness of the capsule and the layer of connective tissue in the parenchyma of the organ were measured. During the laboratory study of the blood of rats, the content of calcium and magnesium was determined, as well as the activity of parathyroid hormone. Conducted statistical treatment of the data. It has been established that with long-term admission of a combination of salts of heavy metals into the organism of rats leads to morphological changes in the parenchyma and stroma of the glands, there are changes in the content of calcium and magnesium in the biochemical parameters of blood, as well as inhibition of parathormone secretion. In the future, it is planned to study the morphofunctional features of the parathyroid glands in the process of readoptation after consuming a combination of heavy metal salts.

scholarly journals Responses of Two Barley Subspecies to In vitro-Induced Heavy Metal Stress: Seeds Germination, Seedlings Growth and Cytotoxicity Assay

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Nouri ◽  
Taoufik El Rasafi ◽  
Abdelmajid Haddioui
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Salts ◽  
Seeds Germination

Abstract In this work three heavy metals: cadmium (as CdSO4), cobalt (as CoCl2) and zinc (as ZnSO4), were used to determine and compare their toxicity towards two subspecies of barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare L. and Hordeum vulgare subsp. distichum L.), focusing on seeds germination, seedlings growth, and cytological parameters. The results indicate that the effect of these heavy metals depends on the metal kind, the metal concentrations and the plant subspecies. Generally, in the case of H. vulgare, the heavy metal salts understudy did not influence significantly seed germination and seedling growth parameters. However, these metal salts influence significantly these parameters for H. distichum. The cytological test showed significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the mitotic index among the increase of the heavy metal concentrations when evaluated with the control for H. vulgare and H. distichum. Consequently, H. vulgare seemed to be more tolerant of the increase of the three heavy metals concentrations than H. distichum.

scholarly journals Effects of Menadione on Survival, Feeding, and Tunneling Activity of the Formosan Subterranean Termite

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1109
Author(s):  
Kieu Ngo ◽  
Paula Castillo ◽  
Roger A. Laine ◽  
Qian Sun
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Coptotermes Formosanus ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Synthetic Analogue ◽  
Vitamin K3 ◽  
Formosan Subterranean Termite ◽  
Choice Assay ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Mammalian Toxicity

The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, is a highly destructive pest and a cosmopolitan invasive species. Sustainable termite management methods have been improving with the search for novel insecticides that are effective, safe, and cost efficient. Menadione, also known as vitamin K3, is a synthetic analogue and biosynthetic precursor of vitamin K with low mammalian toxicity. Menadione has shown insecticidal activity in several insects, presumably due to interference with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. However, little is known about its effectiveness against termites. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity and repellency of menadione in C. formosanus. Our results showed that menadione affected the survival and feeding activity of termites both in filter paper and substrate (sand) treatments, and menadione influenced termite tunneling activity in treated sand. In a no-choice assay, ≥90% mortality after seven days and minimal or no food consumption were recorded when sand was treated with menadione at 6 to 600 ppm. In a two-choice assay with a combination of treated and untreated sand, termites were deterred by menadione at 6 to 600 ppm and exhibited low mortality (≤30%) over seven days, while tunneling activity was prevented with 60 to 600 ppm of menadione treatment. Overall, our study demonstrated dose-dependent toxicity and repellency of menadione in C. formosanus. The potential use of menadione as an alternative termite control agent is discussed.

scholarly journals THE POLLUTION WITH HEAVY METAL SALTS OF THE SURROUNDINGS OF THE VILLAGE UNAL IN NORTH OSSETIA (NORTH CAUCASUS)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.Э. Дзодзикова ◽  
Л.М. Цгоева ◽  
А.В. Туриев ◽  
Д.В. Туриева
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Heavy Metal Salts ◽  
The Village ◽  
North Ossetia

Методом масс-спектрометрии произведен химический анализ почв на территории селения Ниж- ний Унал в Северной Осетии. Было выявлено 50 элементов, но основное внимание было уделено содержанию элементов трех основных классов гигиенической опасности. Было выявлено, что в группе веществ гигиенической опасности первого класса содержание свинца в пробах в среднем превышает предельно допустимые концентрации (ПДК) в 3,3 раза цинка в 6,8 раза кадмия в 2,3 раза мышьяка в 4 раза содержание ртути было ниже ПДК в 4,1 раза. В группе веществ гигиенической опасности второго класса очевидно превышение содержания кобальта в 3,3 раза. Концентрация меди, никеля, молибдена и хрома была значительно ниже ПДК. Проведенное исследование указывает на то, что в почве селения Нижний Унал содержание тяжелых металлов в ряде случаев превышало установленные нормы ПДК. Method of mass spectrometry of the produced chemical analysis of soil in the village Nizhniy Unal in North Ossetia. Identifi ed 50 items, but the main attention was paid to the content of elements of the three main classes of hygienic risk. It was found that in the group of substances hygienic danger of the fi rst class, the Lead content in the samples, on average, exceeds the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) in 3.3 times Zinc in 6.8 times Cadmium in 2.3 times Arsenic 4 times the mercury Content was below the MCL in 4.1 times. In the group of substances hygienic danger of second class, obviously the concentrations of cobalt in 3.3 times. The concentration of copper, Nickel, molybdenum and chromium was signifi cantly below the MCL. The study indicates that in the soil of the village Nizhniy Unal heavy metals content in some cases exceed the limits of MPC.

38. The Inactivation of Lipase in Dairy Products by Traces of Heavy Metal Salts

1932 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Lewis Davies
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Peroxide Formation ◽  
Nickel Cobalt ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
Heavy Metal Salts ◽  
Free Oleic Acid ◽  
Catalytic Power

Traces of heavy metals in amounts up to 25 parts per million have the property of inhibiting the action of lipase in butter from unpasteurised sweet cream in varying degrees depending on the concentration of the metal and on the metal itself. Copper was the most potent metal of those studied, iron, nickel, cobalt, manganese, and chromium being less active, while tin and aluminium had no effect.The acidity produced was accompanied by fat-peroxide formation in amount varying directly with the acidity. This was attributable to the free oleic acid formed.The depression of lipase activity by the various metals varied directly with their catalytic power in inducing fat oxidation later, and it is suggested that destruction of lipase was catalysed by the traces of heavy metals according to their varying powers of activating oxygen. Lipase as a compound naturally associated with fats might thus be looked on as a natural “antioxygen.”

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