Biofeedback Treatment for Headaches

Biofeedback ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna Khazan
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Medical Practitioner ◽  
Tension Headache ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Pharmacologic Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Biofeedback Treatment ◽  
Tension Type Headaches

Classic medical treatment of migraine and tension-type headaches is an ongoing struggle and challenge for the medical practitioner. Pharmacologic treatment does not cure these common conditions and offers only short-term palliation. Biofeedback treatment, on its own or in conjunction with cognitive behavioral therapy, offers long-term encouraging results. The methodology is noninvasive, easy to apply and efficacious. Furthermore, the migraine or tension headache sufferer acquires a sense of self-control and mastery over the short term and especially over the long term. Best results are achieved with continued practice of biofeedback skills over the long term.

scholarly journals Development of Brazilian prototypes for short-term psychotherapies

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Barcellos Serralta ◽  
John Stuart Ablon
Keyword(s):  
Psychodynamic Psychotherapy ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Psychotherapy Process ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Initial Support ◽  
Type Factor ◽  
Expert Ratings

Abstract Introduction: The Psychotherapy Process Q-Set (PQS) prototype method is used to measure the extent to which ideal processes of different psychotherapies are present in real cases, allowing researchers to examine how adherence to these models relates to or predicts change. Results from studies of short-term psychotherapies suggest that the original psychodynamic prototype is more suitable for studying psychoanalysis and long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy than its time-limited counterparts. Furthermore, culture probably influences how therapies are typically conducted in a given country. Therefore, it seems appropriate to develop Brazilian prototypes on which to base studies of short-term psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral processes in this country. Objective: To develop prototypes for studying processes of short-term psychotherapies and to examine the degree of adherence of two real psychotherapy cases to these models. Methods: Expert clinicians used the PQS to rate a hypothetical ideal session of either short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP) or cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Ratings were submitted to Q-type factor analysis to confirm the two groups. Regressive factor scores were rank ordered to describe the prototypes. These ideal models were correlated with ratings of actual therapy processes in two complete psychotherapy cases, one STPP and the other CBT. Results: Agreement levels between expert ratings were high and the two ideal models were confirmed. As expected, the PQS ratings for actual STPP and CBT cases had significant correlations with their respective ideal models, but the STPP case also adhered to the CBT prototype. Conclusion: Overall, the findings reveal the adequacy of the prototypes for time-limited therapies, providing initial support of their validity.

Effect of Biofeedback Treatment on Sympathetic Function in Common Migraine and Tension-Type Headache

Cephalalgia ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Licia Grazzi ◽  
Gennaro Bussone
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Tension Headache ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Stress Indices ◽  
Electromyographic Biofeedback ◽  
Sympathetic Function ◽  
Behavioral Therapies ◽  
Biofeedback Treatment ◽  
Type Headache

Behavioral therapies such as biofeedback are commonly used to treat migraine and tension headache. Controlling sympathetic activity is effective for controlling the pain in both disturbances. A group of 26 common migraine patients and a group of 14 tension headache patients were treated by electromyographic biofeedback (EMG-BFB); blood samples were collected during the treatment (1st session; pre and post 10th session) and plasma catecholamines and cortisol measured to determine basal levels and changes induced by the behavioral therapy. The clinical efficacy of BFB treatment for tension headache and common migraine was confirmed. The basal values of the plasma stress indices were significantly different between the two groups, but did not change during treatment. The lack of correlation between the clinical improvement and the biological indices monitored indicates the need for further studies with standardized protocols in order to probe the mechanism of action of these effective behavioral therapies.

Intertemporal bargaining predicts moral behavior, even in anonymous, one-shot economic games

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
George Ainslie
Keyword(s):  
Control Problem ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Moral Behavior ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Moral Choice ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Economic Games

AbstractTo the extent that acting fairly is in an individual's long-term interest, short-term impulses to cheat present a self-control problem. The only effective solution is to interpret the problem as a variant of repeated prisoner's dilemma, with each choice as a test case predicting future choices. Moral choice appears to be the product of a contract because it comes from self-enforcing intertemporal cooperation.

The Self

Brain-Mind ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 252-276
Author(s):  
Paul Thagard
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multiple Levels

The self is a complex of mechanisms at multiple levels that include the molecular and the social. Semantic pointers are crucial to the self with respect to various phenomena, including how one represents oneself to oneself and to others, as well as in how one evaluates oneself. Also explained are operations that the self does to itself in efforts to achieve short-term goals such as self-control and long-term goals such as self-fulfillment. Semantic pointer explanations of images, concepts, and other mental representations are important for understanding how selves accomplish their goals. Representations of the self via semantic pointers can recursively be bound into semantic pointers for beliefs, desires, and intentions. Discussion of the social mechanisms relevant to the self begins to connect neural and mental mechanisms with discussions of social sciences and professions.

scholarly journals Long-term effectiveness and prediction of treatment outcome in cognitive behavioral therapy and sertraline for late-life anxiety disorders

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1148-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josien Schuurmans ◽  
Hannie Comijs ◽  
Paul M. G. Emmelkamp ◽  
Ingrid J. C. Weijnen ◽  
Marcel van den Hout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACTBackground: Although anxiety disorders are prevalent in older adults, randomized controlled trials of treatment effectiveness for late-life anxiety are scarce and have focused primarily on the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions. However, recent findings suggest that in some cases, pharmacological treatment may be more beneficial for late-life anxiety disorders. As yet, there have been no systematic studies investigating prognostic factors for the outcome of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and pharmacotherapy for late-life anxiety. The objective of the present study was to study long-term treatment outcomes and to explore differential predictors for both short-term and long-term treatment outcomes of sertraline and CBT for late-life anxiety disorders.Methods: Participants of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing sertraline and CBT for the treatment of late-life anxiety were contacted one year after completing their treatment, so that predictors for both short-term and long-term treatment outcome could be established.Results: Sertraline showed a greater reduction of symptoms than CBT on anxiety (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; HARS) and worry (Worry Domain Questionnaire) ratings at one-year follow-up. The strongest predictor for short-term CBT outcome was poor perceived health, explaining 40% of the variance in post-treatment residual gain scores on the HARS. The strongest predictor for long-term CBT outcome was neuroticism, explaining 20% of the variance in residual gain scores at one-year follow-up. Analyses revealed no significant predictors for treatment outcome in sertraline participants.Conclusions: Our study suggests that long-term use of sertraline might be more beneficial for late-life anxiety than a 15-week CBT program. Poor perceived health and neuroticism are predictive of less improvement after CBT in anxious older adults. Implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Moral disciplining: the cognitive and evolutionary foundations of puritanical morality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léo Fitouchi ◽  
Jean-Baptiste André ◽  
Nicolas Baumard
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Moral Intuitions ◽  
Moral Virtues ◽  
Cultural Variations

Why do many human societies condemn apparently harmless and pleasurable behaviors, such as lust, gluttony, drinking, drugs, gambling, or even music and dance? Why do they erect temperance, hedonic restraint, sobriety, decency and piety as cardinal moral virtues? While existing accounts consider this puritanical morality as an exception to the cooperative function of moral intuitions, we propose that it stems, like other moral concerns, from moral intuitions targeting cooperative challenges. Specifically, we argue that it emerges in response to a key feature of cooperation, namely that the latter is (ultimately) a long-term strategy, requiring (proximately) the self-control of appetites for immediate gratification. Puritanical moralizations condemn and praise behaviors which, although not intrinsically cooperative or uncooperative, are perceived as affecting people’s propensity to cooperate, by modifying their ability to resist short-term impulses conflicting with cooperative motivations. Drinking, drugs, unruly feasts, dances, and immodest clothing are condemned as stimulating people’s short-term impulses, thus facilitating uncooperative behaviors (e.g. adultery, violence, economic free-riding). Immoderate indulgence in harmless bodily pleasures (e.g. lust, masturbation, gluttony) is perceived as addictively reinforcing short-term impulses, thus making harder the self-control of future temptations to cheat. Moralizations of ascetic temperance, daily self-discipline, and pious ritual observance are perceived as nurturing the self-restraint consubstantial to a cooperative character, able to resist selfish temptations when the latter arise. We review psychological, historical, and ethnographic evidence supporting this account, and discuss its implications regarding the cross-cultural variations and cultural evolution of puritanical norms.

Evaluating The Connection of Behavioral Biases and Investment Decisions of Equity Market Investors Using SEM Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 2766-2776
Author(s):  
Nidhi Jain ◽  
Bikrant Kesari
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Cognitive Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Behavioral Bias ◽  
Stock Investment ◽  
Stock Market Investors

Objective: The key objective of the paper is to study the magnitude of the disparity in actions between stock holders for short-term and long-term. Methods: Investor traits and how the judgement on investments and behavioral bias are interconnected are contrasted by using a systemic model, as well as to compare relative behavioral bias variations including Framing Bias, Endowment Bias, Representative Bias, Cognitive Dissonance Bias, Self-Control Bias and Overconfidence Bias. Distinguishing evidence of behavioral characteristics that are normally related to investment venture helps to provide assessments and confine trading techniques. Results: Between July 2020 and August 2020, the cognitive effect of investor decision-making is contrasted via test review of 300 substantive responders from deliberate Indian stock market investors. Taking into account the structural equation modelling (SEM), a route study is carried out of the manner in which stock investment and proposed behavioral inclinations are concomitant. Conclusions: Observational outcomes suggest that the systemic path model deliberately correlates with the survey content, demonstrating the influence of behavioral discrimination in decision-making for individual investments. Our results also indicate that short-term and long-term investors’ behavioral patterns vary substantially.

It’s easy to maintain when the changes are small: Exploring sustainability motivated dietary changes from a self-control perspective.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Wehbe ◽  
Kasia Banas ◽  
Esther K. Papies
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Social Feedback ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dairy Intake ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
Qualitative Survey

Reducing meat and dairy intake is necessary to mitigate the effects of animal agriculture on global warming. Yet, doing so may be challenging. How can sustainably motivated individuals’ transition into a plant-based diet be facilitated? We conducted a pre-registered qualitative survey with 80 participants to explore their experiences of reduction, the role of self-control, habits, identity, and social norms in shaping these experiences. We analysed the data using thematic analysis and generated three themes. Theme 1 captures participants’ incompatible short-term and long-term motivations, which led to experiences of conflict. Managing conflict required self-control. Theme 2 describes aspects of food and social environment, such as social feedback, and food availability, cost, and appeal, that hindered or supported participants’ attempts at reducing meat and dairy intake. Furthermore, most reducers did not want to be identified with various dietary groups, particularly with flexitarians. Theme 3 captures strategies, varying in efforts, that helped participants overcome internal conflicts or challenges from the food and social environment. Examples include avoiding choice situations, or behavioural substitution, which facilitated behaviour maintenance through small and comfortable changes that fit with participants’ liking, taste, and preferences. Our findings highlight the need to temper negative social feedback and introduce more favourable social norms to support meat and dairy reduction. Interventions that aim to support the transition to sustainable eating also need to consider the identity of consumers.

Treatments for Gambling Disorder and Impulse Control Disorders

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon E. Grant ◽  
Brian L. Odlaug ◽  
Marc N. Potenza
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Compulsive Buying ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Group Cbt

Specific behavioral (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy [CBT]) and pharmacological (e.g., naltrexone, nalmefene, lithium) treatments significantly reduce the symptoms of pathological gambling (now termed gambling disorder in DSM-5) in the short term compared with waitlist or placebo. The long-term benefits of pharmacological treatment for gambling disorder have not been adequately tested. Although several studies suggest that CBT is effective for trichotillomania, only two pharmacological treatment studies in adults (N-acetylcysteine, olanzapine) for this disorder have shown promise. Studies of group CBT have demonstrated benefit for compulsive buying. However, controlled pharmacological studies have shown mixed results.

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