scholarly journals The taxonomy, life cycle and pathology of Sarcoptes scabiei and Notoedres cati (Acarina, Sarcoptidae): A review in a Fennoscandian wildlife perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Kraabøl ◽  
Vegard Gundersen ◽  
Kirstin Fangel ◽  
Kjetil Olstad
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Generalist Predators ◽  
Arctic Fox ◽  
Eurasian Lynx ◽  
Notoedres Cati ◽  
Notoedric Mange

Mites constitute an old cosmopolitan group, abundant in various terrestrial and aquatic habitats of considerable environmental variations. The majority of mites are free-living, whereas some have evolved parasitic relationships with a variety of animals either as endo- or ectoparasites. The ectoparasitic and skin burrowing <em>Sarcoptes scabiei</em> and <em>Notoedres cati</em>, cause sarcoptic and notoedric mange among a variety of mammalian species, including humans. In a non-adequate host these mites lead to pseudo-scabies which is often self-curable. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of recent knowledge on the taxonomy, life cycles and pathology of these two mites, which are of relevance to Fennoscandian wildlife, by considering knowledge on transmission vectors, host immunology, and some documented outbreaks. These mites affect the health and survival of mammals in four ways; 1) skin tissue damages, 2) loss of body fluids, 3) allergic reactions and 4) secondary bacterial infections. A short-term effect of outbreaks is usually high mortality, and long-term effects vary from extinction to biased population structure to no effect at all. Red foxes are generalist predators that are important end-hosts for mites that develop disease depending on their immunity status, and transmit mites to other hosts. Outbreaks of mange may possibly have ecological consequences on a wider scale. In an endangered species, like the arctic fox or Eurasian lynx, loss of only a few individuals can be critical. It might be wise for management authorities to develop emergency plans to minimize consequences of outbreaks of sarcoptic or notoedric mange in threatened species such as the arctic fox and the lynx.

Routine identification of four sympatric species of calanoid copepods Pseudocalanus spp. in the Atlantic Arctic using a species-specific polymerase chain reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
E. A. Ershova
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Routine Identification ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Plankton Communities

Сalanoid copepods of the genus Pseudocalanus play an important role in the plankton communities of the Arctic and boreal seas, often dominating in numbers and constituting a significant proportion of the biomass of zooplankton. Despite their high presence and significance in the shelf plankton communities, species-specific studies of the biology of these are significantly hampered by extremely small morphological differences between them, especially at the juvenile stages, at which they are virtually indistinguishable. In this paper, we describe a new, routine and low-cost molecular method for identifying all Pseudocalanus species found in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic: the Arctic P. acuspes, P. minutus and the boreal P. moultoni and P. elongatus, and apply it to describe the relative distribution of these species in four locations of the Arctic and sub-Arctic. With this method, species-specific polymerase chain reaction (ssPCR), mass identification of individuals of any developmental stage, including nauplii, is possible. This method can serve as an excellent tool for studying the species-specific biology of this group, describing their life cycles, as well as monitoring changes in Arctic marine ecosystems under the influence of changing climate.

The arctic fox in fennoscandia and Iceland: Management problems

1989 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Páll Hersteinsson ◽  
Anders Angerbjörn ◽  
Karl Frafjord ◽  
Asko Kaikusalo
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Fox ◽  
Management Problems

Accumulation and potential health effects of organohalogenated compounds in the arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus)—a review

2015 ◽  
Vol 502 ◽  
pp. 510-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrine Eggers Pedersen ◽  
Bjarne Styrishave ◽  
Christian Sonne ◽  
Rune Dietz ◽  
Bjørn Munro Jenssen
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Fox ◽  
Vulpes Lagopus ◽  
Potential Health

Dental evidence for variation in diet over time and space in the Arctic fox, Vulpes lagopus

Polar Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Ungar ◽  
Blaire Van Valkenburgh ◽  
Alexandria S. Peterson ◽  
Aleksandr A. Sokolov ◽  
Natalia A. Sokolova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Fox ◽  
Vulpes Lagopus ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Dental Evidence ◽  
Over Time

A synthetic review of notoedres species mites and mange

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 (14) ◽  
pp. 1847-1861 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. FOLEY ◽  
L. E. K. SERIEYS ◽  
N. STEPHENSON ◽  
S. RILEY ◽  
C. FOLEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Notoedres Cati ◽  
Immunological Factors ◽  
Population Treatment ◽  
Notoedric Mange

SUMMARYNotoedric mange, caused by obligately parasitic sarcoptiform Notoedres mites, is associated with potentially fatal dermatitis with secondary systemic disease in small mammals, felids and procyonids among others, as well as an occasional zoonosis. We describe clinical spectra in non-chiropteran hosts, review risk factors and summarize ecological and epidemiological studies. The genus is disproportionately represented on rodents. Disease in felids and procyonids ranges from very mild to death. Knowledge of the geographical distribution of the mites is highly inadequate, with focal hot spots known for Notoedres cati in domestic cats and bobcats. Predisposing genetic and immunological factors are not known, except that co-infection with other parasites and anticoagulant rodenticide toxicoses may contribute to severe disease. Treatment of individual animals is typically successful with macrocytic lactones such as selamectin, but herd or wildlife population treatment has not been undertaken. Transmission requires close contact and typically is within a host species. Notoedric mange can kill half all individuals in a population and regulate host population below non-diseased density for decades, consistent with frequency-dependent transmission or spillover from other hosts. Epidemics are increasingly identified in various hosts, suggesting global change in suitable environmental conditions or increased reporting bias.

scholarly journals Breeding value evaluation in Polish fur animals: Statistical description of fur coat and reproduction traits – relationship and inbreeding

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 16-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wierzbicki ◽  
A. Filistowicz ◽  
W. Jagusiak
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Fox ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Value Evaluation ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficients ◽  
Silver Fox ◽  
Reproduction Traits ◽  
As Relationship

Three data sets were available: records on conformation and coat traits for the arctic fox from one farm (5 540 observations, collected between 1983 and 1997), and the same traits for the silver fox from three farms (8 199 observations, collected between 1984 and 1999). The third set comprised 5 829 observations on reproductive performance of the arctic fox from one farm, collected between 1984 and 1999. The GLM procedure was used to test the significance of fixed effects on the analysed reproduction traits as well as differences between groups. Phenotypic trends as well as relationship and inbreeding across the studied years were computed. Most of the phenotypic trends were positive. Low relationship and inbreeding coefficients in the arctic and silver fox populations under study were estimated. The average relationship coefficients for the silver and arctic fox populations were 0.015 and 0.010, respectively, whereas the average inbreeding coefficients for the same species were 0.0039 and 0.0016, respectively. No inbreeding was found in the arctic fox breeding females. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Energy Cost of Running in an Arctic Fox, Alopex lagopus

2003 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Fuglei ◽  
Nils A. Øritsland
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Fox ◽  
Alopex Lagopus ◽  
Energy Cost Of Running ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Determine Effect

This work was conducted to determine effect of season and starvation on metabolic rate during running in the Arctic Fox (Alopex lagopus) on Svalbard (78°55’N, 11°56’E), Norway. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure metabolic rate of foxes running on a treadmill and heart rate was monitored using implanted radio transmitters. The relationship between heart rate and metabolic rate was also examined. Metabolic rate increased with running speed. In July the metabolic rate during running almost fitted general equations predicted for mammals, while it was up to 20% lower in January, indicating seasonal variation in metabolic rate. There was a significant positive linear relationship between heart rate and weight specific metabolic rate, suggesting that heart rate can be used as an indicator of metabolic rate. Starvation for 11 days decreased the net cost of running by 13% in January and 17% in July, suggesting that a starved fox runs more energetically efficient than when fed. Heart rate measured in July decreased by 27% during starvation. Re-feeding reversed the starvation-induced reduction in metabolic rate and heart rate during running almost up to post-absorptive levels. The present results are from one fox, and must be considered as preliminary data until further studies are conducted.

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