Treatment of Three Cats with Hyperviscosity Syndrome and Congestive Heart Failure Using Plasmapheresis

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonya E. Boyle ◽  
Marie K. Holowaychuk ◽  
Allison K. Adams ◽  
Steven L. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Respiratory Effort ◽  
Hyperviscosity Syndrome ◽  
Heart Murmurs ◽  
Appropriate Therapy

Three cats were evaluated at a veterinary teaching hospital for congestive heart failure (CHF) secondary to hyperviscosity syndrome from plasma cell neoplasia. All cats had severe hyperproteinemia due to hyperglobulinemia. Multiple myeloma or plasma cell neoplasia was diagnosed based on cytopathology and post mortem examination. The cats presented with signs of CHF including acute collapse, tachypnea, increased respiratory effort, and pulmonary crackles. All cats had heart murmurs and echocardiographic signs consistent with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. An enlarged left atrium was found in all cats and two of three cats also had spontaneous echocardiographic contrast. Plasmapheresis (centrifugal plasma exchange) was performed on all three cats by the removal of whole blood and the infusion of a balanced electrolyte solution while the whole blood was centrifuged and separated. The RBCs were then washed before being readministered to the patient. Plasmapheresis alleviated the clinical signs of CHF (tachypnea) in all three cats. Plasmapheresis should be considered in cases of CHF secondary to hyperviscosity syndrome to rapidly alleviate clinical signs associated with heart failure while diagnosis of the underlying cause is made and appropriate therapy implemented.

Radiographic Assessment of Dogs with Congestive Heart Failure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Saini ◽  
S.K. Uppal ◽  
A. Anand
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Cardiac Insufficiency ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
Pulmonary Vasculature ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Valvular Diseases

Background: Radiography is widely used for diagnosis of congestive heart failure as it enables non-invasive assessment of cardiac size, shape and pulmonary vasculature. So, the present study was conducted to record the radiographic changes in dogs with congestive heart failure.Methods: Fifty-one dogs with cardiac insufficiency brought to Teaching Veterinary Hospital of GADVASU, showing one of the clinical signs of chronic cough, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, abdominal distension, syncope and cyanosis were selected and were subjected to Lateral and Ventro-dorsal chest radiography. Result: Dilated cardiomyopathy was present in 24 dogs. Radiographically, pulmonary edema, cardiomegaly, vessel congestion were more common in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Valvular diseases were present in 16 dogs and radiographically left atrial (LA) dilatation was present in dogs with valvular diseases. Pericardial effusions were present in 11 dogs showing enlarged globoid heart radiographically.

scholarly journals Pertussis toxin treatment of whole blood. A novel approach to assess G protein function in congestive heart failure.

Circulation ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1198-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
A S Maisel ◽  
M C Michel ◽  
P A Insel ◽  
C Ennis ◽  
M G Ziegler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Pertussis Toxin ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Novel Approach

Baro- and ventricular reflexes in conscious dogs subjected to chronic tachycardia

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (4) ◽  
pp. H1084-H1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Chen ◽  
W. Wang ◽  
K. G. Cornish ◽  
I. H. Zucker
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Chronic Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Ventricular Pacing ◽  
Arterial Baroreflex ◽  
Failure State ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses

It has been well documented that the arterial baroreflex is depressed in chronic congestive heart failure. Furthermore, cardiopulmonary reflexes have also been shown to be depressed in heart failure. Because cardiac reflexes can be mediated by both mechanical and chemical stimuli, we undertook the current study to determine whether chemically activated cardiac reflexes (Bezold-Jarisch) are abnormally depressed in dogs with chronic heart failure at a point in time when arterial baroreflexes were clearly depressed. We studied heart rate and arterial pressure responses in 13 conscious instrumented dogs before and after chronic ventricular pacing at 250 beats/min for 4-5 wk. At the time the study was done each dog showed both hemodynamic and clinical signs of congestive heart failure. The arterial baroreflex was evaluated by analyzing the heart rate response to acute injections of phenylephrine and nitroglycerin. The Bezold-Jarisch reflex was assessed in nine dogs by determining the heart rate and blood pressure responses to intracoronary injections of various doses of veratridine. Arterial baroreflex responses were uniformly depressed following ventricular pacing. The phenylephrine slope was reduced by 55.8 +/- 6.9% (P < 0.001), and the nitroglycerin slope was reduced by 67.9 +/- 5.0% (P < 0.0001) in the heart failure state. Significant bradycardia and hypotension were seen at each dose of veratridine given (0.01, 0.1, and 0.4 microgram/kg). When compared with the prepaced control state, the magnitude of the hypotension was no different in the heart failure state in response to any dose of veratridine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Congestive Heart Failure versus Inflammatory Carcinoma in Breast

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Alikhassi ◽  
R. Omranipour ◽  
Z. Alikhassy
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Inflammatory Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Inflammatory Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Inflammatory Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

Inflammatory breast cancer is a rare highly malignant form of breast cancer. Clinical signs and symptoms with histologic examination usually confirm the diagnosis. There are rare reports of breast edema of congestive heart failure which were difficult to differentiate from inflammatory carcinoma. The differential becomes more difficult when congestive heart failure is associated with unilateral breast edema. We present a case of a 70-year-old woman with congestive heart failure associated with unilateral breast edema and skin thickening simulating inflammatory breast carcinoma on mammography.

The Use of the Fibrinogen Turnover and the Isotope Scanning of the Legs for the Diagnosis of Venous Thrombosis in Non Surgical Patients

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (02/03) ◽  
pp. 277-283
Author(s):  
G. J. H den Ottolander ◽  
A. P. C van der Maas ◽  
W Schopman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Isotope Scanning

SummaryIn 2 groups of non surgical patients with venous thrombosis (V. T.) the fibrinogen turnover rate was determined in addition to scanning of the legs.In the first group of 13 patients with clinical signs of V. T. the Tx/2 of 131I-fibrinogen was shorter than in a normal group. In the second group of 10 patients with V. T., diagnosed only by local scanning of the legs using 125I-fibrinogen, the T72 was also shortened.Because of the longer half life time of the 125I-label, observations can be carried out during a period of 20 days, so that 125I-fibrinogen is preferable to 131I-fibrinogen. Of 33 elderly patients treated for congestive heart failure a positive leg scan was observed in 15. Treatment with intravenously injected heparin immediately interferes with further accumulation of radioactivity and corrects the shortened TVa to normal values, in contrast to treatment with oral anticoagulants.

Abstract 630: Continuous Reduction of N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels after Successful Catheter Ablation in Patients with Paroxysmal or Short Persistent Atrial Fibrillation

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Hoenig ◽  
Robert Hofmann ◽  
Clemens Steinwender ◽  
Alexander Kypta ◽  
Franz Leisch
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Brain Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Clinical Failure ◽  
One Year

It has been reported previously that elevated N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels (BNP) decrease in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) within one month of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). The purpose of the study was to examine the development of BNP levels after successful PVI. In 71 patients (mean age of 62 ± 8 years) undergoing successful PVI for drug-resistant highly symptomatic paroxysmal or shortly persistent AF, BNP levels were analysed the day before, 30 days after, three months after and one year after the procedure, respectively. Based on a personal log of duration and frequency of symptoms and repetitive 24h-ECG recordings, patients were divided into two groups: 36 patients had clinical success, and 16 patients had clinical failure. Clinical demographic and procedural data were similar in both groups. Of note, all patients had lone AF without any clinical signs of congestive heart failure. Baseline BNP levels were similar in both groups (387± 550 pg/ml vs. 492 ± 513 pg/ml, p=0.6). After 30 days, patients who had a clinical successful procedure showed a significant decrease of BNP levels compared to those patients with clinical failure (315 ± 430 pg/ml vs. 754 ± 888 pg/ml, p=0.02). After three months, a further reduction of BNP levels could be observed in clinical successful treated patients compared to patients with clinical failure, in whom no significant change compared to baseline could be detected (214 ± 213 pg/ml vs. 673 ± 907 pg/ml, p=0.01). After one year of successful PVI a repeated reduction of BNP in patients with clinical success could be observed (173 ± 198 pg/ml vs. 448 ± 628 pg/ml, p=ns.), but due to the small sample size the difference did not reach statistic significance. Similar to previous observations, BNP levels after successful PVI decreased only in patients with clinical success during follow-up. However, our study revealed a long-term effect showing a further decrease after one year whereas BNP levels showed even a further increase during the first three months in patients without clinical success. This observation points to an underestimated impact of AF concerning congestive heart failure even in patients without regarding symptoms.

scholarly journals Enterocolitis Caused by Ehrlichia sp. in the Horse (Potomac Horse Fever)

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Cordes ◽  
B. D. Perry ◽  
Y. Rikihisa ◽  
W. R. Chickering
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Potomac Horse Fever ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Post Mortem Findings

Potomac horse fever was reproduced in 15 ponies by transfusion of whole blood originally from two natural cases and subsequently from ponies infected by the transfusions. Incubation periods varied from 9 to 15 days. Affected ponies developed varying degrees of fever, diarrhea, anorexia, depression, and leukopenia. Eleven affected ponies were killed, three died in the acute phase of the disease, and one did not show clinical signs. The most consistent post-mortem findings were fluid contents in the cecum and large colon, and areas of hyperemia (of inconstant degree and distribution) in mucosae of both small and large intestines. Multifocal areas of necrosis occurred in mucous membranes. Ehrlichial organisms were most common in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells, macrophages, and mast cells of the large colon.

Management of Congestive Heart Failure in the Elderly

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 788-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Malloy ◽  
Larry M. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Isosorbide Dinitrate ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Thiazide Diuretics ◽  
Digitalis Glycosides ◽  
Digitalis Glycoside ◽  
Appropriate Therapy

A universally accepted description of appropriate therapy for treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF) has yet to be agreed upon, especially in the elderly. Numerous studies have provided data that question use of a digitalis glycoside as the agent of choice in treatment of chronic CHF. Several clinicians have suggested that diuretics, particularly thiazide diuretics, be used as initial agents in the treatment of this condition. Evidence now demonstrates that drug therapy with enalapril or the combination of hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate reduces the mortality related to chronic CHF. Additional studies are required to clarify respective roles of diuretics, digitalis glycosides, and vasodilators in the management of chronic CHF.

Left Ventricular Inflow Tract Obstruction Secondary to a Myxoma in a Dog

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Josefa Fernandez-del Palacio ◽  
Joaquin Sanchez ◽  
Jesus Talavera ◽  
Carlos Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
Cardiac Murmur ◽  
Cardiac Apex ◽  
Spectral Doppler ◽  
History Of

This is the first description of a left ventricular inflow tract obstruction secondary to a myxoma in a dog. A 4 yr old, male fox terrier presented with a 1 mo history of cough and exercise intolerance. Expiratory dyspnea, pulmonary crackles, irregular cardiac rhythm, and a grade 4/6 pansystolic cardiac murmur over the left cardiac apex were the most important features on physical examination. The electrocardiogram revealed atrial fibrillation. Thoracic radiographs showed left-sided cardiac enlargement and mild pulmonary edema, especially in the hilar area. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography showed severe left atrial dilation and a homogenous, echodense mass involving both leaflets of the mitral valve and the posteromedial papillary muscle, inducing mitral stenosis. Spectral Doppler echocardiography was consistent with severe left ventricular inflow tract obstruction secondary to a mass. Therapy for congestive heart failure was prescribed. Follow-up examinations of the dog 1 mo, 2 mo, and 6 mo after diagnosis showed an improvement in clinical signs, but similar echocardiographic features. Eleven months after diagnosis, the dog was euthanized at the owner's request because of recurrent congestive heart failure. The postmortem examination showed the cardiac tumor was consistent with a myxoma.

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