Current Treatments for Obesity: An Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1132-1135
Author(s):  
Z. Safdar ◽  
R. Fatima ◽  
A. Bajwa
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Disease Type ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Keywords Obesity ◽  
Surgical Options ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Obesity is one of the biggest health problems in the world. It is not only a key developer of various dangerous diseases like coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and sleep apnoea, but is also associated with high mortality and morbidity rate. In recent years, doctors have shifted their attention towards the prevention and treatment of obesity rather than letting the person move towards different diseases and then curing those multiple disorders. One of those strategies for obesity treatment includes bariatric surgery. This review paper encapsulates multiple other strategies like dietary, pharmaceutical, and surgical options available at present for the treatment of obesity. Keywords: Obesity, weight, diabetes, heart disease.

The relationships between atherosclerosis, heart disease, type 2 diabetes and dementia

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Messier ◽  
Nesrine Awad ◽  
Michèle Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Disease Type

scholarly journals Obstructive sleep apnoea and the risk for coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes: a longitudinal population-based study in Finland

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e022752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satu Strausz ◽  
Aki S. Havulinna ◽  
Tiinamaija Tuomi ◽  
Adel Bachour ◽  
Leif Groop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Diabetic Kidney ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

ObjectiveTo evaluate if obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) modifies the risk of coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and diabetic complications in a gender-specific fashion.Design and settingA longitudinal population-based study with up to 25-year follow-up data on 36 963 individuals (>500 000 person years) from three population-based cohorts: the FINRISK study, the Health 2000 Cohort Study and the Botnia Study.Main outcome measuresIncident coronary heart disease, diabetic kidney disease, T2D and all-cause mortality from the Finnish National Hospital Discharge Register and the Finnish National Causes-of-Death Register.ResultsAfter adjustments for age, sex, region, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and total cholesterol, current cigarette smoking, body mass index, hypertension, T2D baseline and family history of stroke or myocardial infarction, OSA increased the risk for coronary heart disease (HR=1.36, p=0.0014, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.64), particularly in women (HR=2.01, 95% CI 1.31 to 3.07, p=0.0012). T2D clustered with OSA independently of obesity (HR=1.48, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.73, p=9.11×10−7). The risk of diabetic kidney disease increased 1.75-fold in patients with OSA (95% CI 1.13 to 2.71, p=0.013). OSA increased the risk for coronary heart disease similarly among patients with T2D and in general population (HR=1.36). All-cause mortality was increased by OSA in diabetic individuals (HR=1.35, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.71, p=0.016).ConclusionOSA is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease, T2D and diabetic kidney disease. This effect is more pronounced even in women, who until now have received less attention in diagnosis and treatment of OSA than men.

Diseases of affluent societies and the need for dietary change

2020 ◽  
pp. 1891-1902
Author(s):  
J.I. Mann ◽  
A.S. Truswell
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Nutritional Advice ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Access To Food

Nutritional problems of a country depend more upon the stage of technical and economic development than geographical location. People in affluent societies have ready access to food all year round. The diet is typically energy-dense, high in fat and often also in sugar. There are multiple sources of nutritional advice, not all based on sound science. Obesity is the most obvious and important nutritional disease in affluent societies, with comorbidities including type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, some cancers, gallstones, osteoarthritis, and obstructive sleep apnoea. Obese people may also be disadvantaged by social, economic, and psychological effects. Particular dietary constituents promote or protect against coronary heart disease by their effect on cardiovascular risk factors, and some promote or protect against various cancers.

scholarly journals Hubungan Berbagai Faktor Risiko Terhadap Kejadian Penyakit Jantung Koroner Pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadma Yuliani ◽  
Fadil Oenzil ◽  
Detty Iryani
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

AbstrakPenyebab mortalitas dan morbiditas utama pada pasien diabetes mellitus (DM) tipe 2 adalah penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) dimana penderitanya dua sampai empat kali lebih berisiko terkena penyakit jantung dari pada non DM. Mekanisme terjadinya PJK pada DM tipe 2 dikaitkan dengan adanya aterosklerosis yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan berbagai faktor risiko terhadap kejadian PJK pada penderita DM tipe 2. Penelitian dilaksanakan di RSUP. Dr. M. Djamil Padang dan RS. Khusus Jantung Sumbar pada bulan Maret-Agustus 2013. Penelitian bersifat analitik dengan desain cross sectional comparative. Jumlah sampel 176 orang yang terdiri dari 88 orang penderita DM dengan PJK dan 88 orang DM tanpa PJK. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan uji chi-square menggunakan sistem komputerisasi. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian PJK pada penderita DM tipe 2 adalah jenis kelamin (p=0,000), lama menderita DM (p=0,043), hipertensi (p=0,007), dislipidemia (p=0,000), obesitas (p=0,023), dan merokok (p=0,000). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang sangat bermakna (p<0,0001) antara jenis kelamin, dislipidemia, dan merokok dengan kejadian PJK pada penderita DM tipe 2 dan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna (p<0,05) antara lama menderita DM, hipertensi, obesitas dengan kejadian PJK pada penderita DM tipe 2.Kata kunci: DM tipe 2, PJK, faktor risikoAbstractThe main causes of mortality and morbidity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients is coronary heart disease (CHD) which adults who suffer from DM are two to four times have the risk of heart disease than people without DM. The mechanism of CHD in DM is associated with the presence of atherosclerosis that influenced by various factors. This research has aims to determine the relationship of risk factors for CHD incident in patients with DM. The study was conducted in the Dr. M. Djamil Padang and Cardiac Hospital of West Sumatra from March to August 2013. This research is an analytic study with comparative cross-sectional design. There are 176 DM patient samples that consist of 88 CHD patients and 88 patients without CHD. The data processing used chi-square test by computerized system. The result showed that risk factors that were related with CHD incident in DM patients are gender (p=0,000), long-suffering diabetes (p=0,043), hypertension (p=0,007), dyslipidemia (p=0,000), obesity (p=0,023), and smoking habit (p=0,000). Conclusion: There are marked significant (p<0,0001) relationship between gender, dyslipidemia, and smoking habit with CHD incident in DM patients and significant relationship (p<0,05) between long-suffering diabetes, hypertension, and obesity with CHD incident in DM patients.Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, CHD, risk factor

scholarly journals Percutaneous Transcatheter Metabolic Interventions: The Next Frontier?

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
Nicholas Kipshidze ◽  
Nodar Kipshidze
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Disease Type ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Invasive Intervention ◽  
Viable Treatment

Obesity is a pandemic. The prevalence of obesity (BMI >30) and morbid obesity (BMI >40) among American adults is approximately 30% and 5%, respectively.1 The condition is strongly associated with medical comorbidities (e.g., heart disease, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, stroke, obstructive sleep apnoea, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis) and mortality, and has begun to overtake infectious diseases as the most significant contributor to illness worldwide. Furthermore, it is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing prevalence in adults and children, and considered one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century.2 Currently, there are three clinically viable treatment options for obesity: surgery, pharmacologic intervention, and intragastric balloon administration. However, these methods have varying success rates and are not free of complications. There remains a critical need for a minimally invasive intervention that can target this growing population.

scholarly journals Sleeve-Plus Procedures in Asia: Duodenojejunal Bypass and Proximal Jejunal Bypass

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Bernadette C. Lim-Loo ◽  
Chih-Kun Huang ◽  
Valerie Chan ◽  
Kathleen Chua
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Remission ◽  
Intestinal Bypass ◽  
Duodenojejunal Bypass ◽  
Intestinal Hormones ◽  
Surgical Options ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Jejunal Bypass

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is the most commonly done bariatric procedure worldwide due to its technical ease. However, the physiologic effects of this procedure have limitations on glucose homeostasis for patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This is due to the insufficient physiologic modulations from intestinal hormones. The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has been proven to have better T2DM remission than SG due to more pronounced physiologic changes from foregut and hindgut hormone modulations. However, RYGB is technically challenging to perform and is accompanied by many potential postoperative complications, especially in terms of nutrition. The addition of an intestinal bypass to SG also induces said intestinal hormone changes to enhance diabetes remission. This chapter discusses the intestinal bypass that may be added to SG as surgical options for the treatment of obesity and T2DM with focus on duodenojejunal and proximal jejunal bypass.

scholarly journals Takeaway meal consumption and risk markers for coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity in children aged 9–10 years: a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela S Donin ◽  
Claire M Nightingale ◽  
Chris G Owen ◽  
Alicja R Rudnicka ◽  
Derek G Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Disease Type ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity ◽  
Meal Consumption

ObjectiveTo investigate associations between takeaway meal consumption and risk markers for coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity risk markers in children.DesignA cross-sectional, school-based observational study.Setting85 primary schools across London, Birmingham and Leicester.Participants1948 UK primary school children in year 5, aged 9–10 years.Main outcome measuresChildren reported their frequency of takeaway meal consumption, completed a 24-hour dietary recall, had physical measurements and provided a fasting blood sample.ResultsAmong 1948 participants with complete data, 499 (26%) never/hardly ever consumed a takeaway meal, 894 (46%) did so <1/week and 555 (28%) did ≥1/week. In models adjusted for age, sex, month, school, ethnicity and socioeconomic status, more frequent takeaway meal consumption was associated with higher dietary intakes of energy, fat % energy and saturated fat % energy and higher energy density (all P trend <0.001) and lower starch, protein and micronutrient intakes (all P trend <0.05). A higher frequency of takeaway meal consumption was associated with higher serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P trend=0.04, 0.01, respectively); children eating a takeaway meal ≥1/week had total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol 0.09 mmol/L (95% CI 0.01 to 0.18) and 0.10 mmol/L (95% CI 0.02 to 0.18) higher respectively than children never/hardly ever eating a takeaway meal; their fat mass index was also higher.ConclusionsMore frequent takeaway meal consumption in children was associated with unhealthy dietary nutrient intake patterns and potentially with adverse longer term consequences for obesity and coronary heart disease risk.

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