scholarly journals GLOBAL RESPIRATORY ILLNESS OUTBREAK COVID-19 AND ITS GLOBAL CONSEQUENCES: AN OVERVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chetan Chauhan ◽  
Shanta Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Central China ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Global Impact ◽  
New Public Health

Global Respiratory illness outbreak COVID-19 is a new public health crisis threatening humanity across the globe with the emergence and spread from central China in late 2019. The virus originated around Wuhan, Hubei province, China in December 2019 in bats and was transmitted through unknown intermediary sources to humans. The clinical presentation of viral infection ranges from asymptomatic to severe pneumonia with acute pulmonary distress syndrome is designated as COVID-19. WHO has characterized the disease as a pandemic due to its severity, as well as the shifting of epidemic zones across the globe from epicentre zone, China through a different stage of transmission by contact or inhalation with infected droplets and the incubation period, varies between 2 - 14 days. Treatment is essentially supportive; the effective role of antiviral agents is yet to be established and secondly without knowing the entire genome sequence of COVID- 19, no drug or vaccine can be effectively administered. Prevention entails home isolation of suspected cases and those with mild illnesses and strict infection control measures at hospitals that include contact and droplet precautions. The highest risk of healthcare-associated transmission is in the absence of standard precautions, when basic infection prevention and control measures for respiratory infections are not in place, and when handling patients where COVID infection is yet to be confirmed. The pandemic acceleration of COVID-19 indicates that the initial sporadic spreading worst hit the epicentre, China. But later on, epidemic zone shifts to nearly all continents. Several countries are experiencing sustained local transmission, including Europe and America at the end of February 2020. Current status indicates that confirmed and death cases pattern is rapidly varied among the different continents and emerged as an alarming health crisis of the nd Era in countries like Italy, Spain, U.K, Iran, and the USA. Although India is now in the 2 stage of transmission and too rd far from the 3 stage but till government has already taken deceive control measures. At the same time some of the Asian countries like South Korea, Japan has been reporting a slowdown in the growth of COVID-19 cases due to adoption concept of "Testing is central" to outbreak response that leads to early detection to minimizes further spread. The proportion of asymptomatic cases is currently unknown and hampers the realistic assessment of the virus epidemic potential and complicates the outbreak response. WHO has already announced a large global trial, called SOLIDARITY th on 27 March 2020 which is focusing on the most promising panacea therapies including remdesivir; chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine; a combination of two HIV drugs, lopinavir, and ritonavir; and that same combination plus interferon-beta. The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has already brought considerable human suffering and major economic disruption. In the current scenario, the exact global impact and extension of COVID 19 pandemic acceleration nd rd and reoccurrences of 2 and 3 waves are yet uncertain in globally. Therefore the corona pandemic is unprecedented in its global impact and reach, posing alarming challenges to policymakers, researchers and health workers.

A clinical approach to COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 723-729
Author(s):  
Akshata Jaiswal ◽  
Swapnil Borage ◽  
Priyanka Shelotkar
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Corona Virus

The Corona Virus COVID-19 pandemic is the defining global health crisis emerging these days and the most significant challenge faced since World War Two. Corona Virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is defined as an illness caused by a novel Corona Virus now called severe acute respiratory syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was first identified due to outbreak of respiratory illness cases in Wuhan City, China. The most common symptoms include dry cough, fever and tiredness. Some may also develop aches and pains, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat or diarrhoea. There are no drugs or other therapeutics approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to prevent or treat COVID-19. Both ancient, as well as modern therapeutic procedures, can be adopted for COVID -19. Current advanced clinical management includes infection prevention and control measures and supportive care, including supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilator support depending upon the condition. On the other hand, Ayurveda is equipped with a variety of treatment protocols including Dincharya (daily regime), Rutucharya (seasonal regime), Pranayama (Breathing exercise), and various Panchakarma (Purification) procedures.

scholarly journals Assessment of Knowledge, Practice and Guidelines towards the Novel COVID-19 among Eye Care Practitioners in Nigeria–A Survey-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5141
Author(s):  
Bernadine Ekpenyong ◽  
Chukwuemeka J. Obinwanne ◽  
Godwin Ovenseri-Ogbomo ◽  
Kelechukwu Ahaiwe ◽  
Okonokhua O. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Knowledge Practice

The aim of this study was to explore knowledge, practice of risk and guidelines of the novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) infection among the eye care practitioners and the potential associated factors. A cross-sectional self-administered online survey was distributed via emails and social media networks between 2nd and 18th May 2020 corresponding to the week of the lockdown in Nigeria to eye care practitioners (ECPs). Data for 823 respondents were analyzed. Knowledge and risk practice were categorized as binary outcome and univariate and multivariate linear regression were used to examine the associated factors. The mean score for COVID-19-related knowledge of public health guidelines was high and varied across the ECPs. Ophthalmic Nurses, Ophthalmologists and Optometrists showed higher COVID-19-related knowledge than other ECPs (p < 0.001), particularly those working in the private sector. More than 50% of ECPs stated they provided essential services during the COVID-19 lockdown via physical consultation, particularly the Ophthalmologists. Most respondents reported that the guidelines provided by their Association were useful but expressed their lack of confidence in attending to patients during and after the COVID-19 lockdown. Compared to other ECPs in Nigeria, more Ophthalmic Nurses received training in the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). This survey is the first to assess knowledge, attitudes and practice in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. ECPs in Nigeria displayed good knowledge about COVID-19 and provided eye care services during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria, despite the majority not receiving any training on the use of PPEs with concerns over attending to patients. There is need for the government to strengthen health systems by improving and extending training on standard infection prevention and control measures to ECPs for effective control of the pandemic and in the future as essential health workers.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and ophthalmology- Challenges and mitigation of disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-288
Author(s):  
Pravin M Bhat ◽  
Sunil S Kewat
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Surface Disinfection ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Contagious Nature ◽  
The World ◽  
Respiratory Hygiene

The SARS-CoV-2 infection has become a global health crisis with an uprising trend of infection and death in the world. Considering the contagious nature and the human to human transmission of the disease, it is utmost important to follow the infection control measures in the ophthalmic practice. The pink eye or conjunctivitis is the associated symptom reported along with the respiratory illness and fever in patients of COVID-19. So the triage policy, using noncontact procedures, understanding the risk factors of the disease, postponement of routine ophthalmic patient’s visit, following respiratory hygiene, hand hygiene, using personal protective equipment (PPE) are some of the measures to keep the infection in control are explained in this article. The surface disinfection, equipment disinfection are also important considering the environmental contamination nature of the disease. So in order to minimize the infection every ophthalmologist should work as per the guidelines and measures and work with the local designated infection control authorities.

scholarly journals Probable immersions for novel Coronavirus and its preventions: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parth M. Kapatel ◽  
Nagma ara Malik
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
New Public Health ◽  
New Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The new public health crisis threatening the world with the emergence due to the spreading of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or it can also say as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus instigated in bats and was transmitted to humans through yet unknown transitional animals in Wuhan, Hubei province, China in December 2019. There have been around 3.04 million reported cases by WHO of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) and 895 thousand are recovered, 211 thousand reported deaths to date (28/04/2020) from all over the world. The disease is spread by inhalation/breathing or interaction with infected droplets. The quarantine period ranges from 2 to 14 days. The symptoms are typically breathlessness, cough, sore throat, fever, fatigue, malaise, among others. The disease is mild in most people; while in about some (generally the aged and those with comorbidities), it may progress to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ dysfunction. Many people are asymptomatic. Treatment is very essentially supportive; the role of antiviral agents is up till now to be recognized. Prevention requires home quarantine of alleged cases and those with mild illnesses and severe infection control measures at hospitals that contain interaction, touch and droplet precautions.

scholarly journals Standard precautions for preventing Tuberculosis and HIV: Compliance of Eswatini university student nurses

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261944
Author(s):  
Ncobile Sidzandza Victoria Gina ◽  
Melitah Molatelo Rasweswe ◽  
Miriam Mmamphamo Moagi
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Student Nurses ◽  
University Student ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Clinical Area ◽  
Standard Precautions ◽  
Senior Student ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus are among the top ten causes of death globally. To prevent the spread of these infections, health workers and student nurses should comply to infection prevention and control measures called standard precautions. The aim of this study is to assess compliance of Eswatini university student nurses regarding standard precautions for preventing Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus. A non-experimental quantitative approach was used to conduct a survey on all senior student nurses of Eswatini University using questionnaires. IBM SPSS Statistics version 26 software was used to analyse the data. Results from this study showed that out of the 105 student nurses who were asked only 51.4% (n = 54) said they always used personal protective equipment. However, they did comply well on disposing sharps as 92.4% (n = 97) reported that they always used designated containers. There is a need for close supervision of student nurses in the clinical area. The researcher recommends that clinical facilitator should always accompany student nurses in the clinical area and that preceptors should be exempted from other nursing duties when there are student nurses in the hospitals so that they can mentor the students.

scholarly journals Knowledge and compliance with Covid-19 infection prevention and control measures among health workers in regional referral hospitals in northern Uganda: a cross-sectional online survey

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Sharon Bright Amanya ◽  
Richard Nyeko ◽  
Bonniface Obura ◽  
Joy Acen ◽  
Caroline Nabasirye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Referral Hospitals ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Background: Infection prevention and control (IPC) has increasingly been underscored as a key tool for limiting the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) and safeguarding health workers from infections during their work. Knowledge and compliance with IPC measures is therefore essential in protecting health workers. However, this has not been established among health workers in northern Uganda in light of the Covid-19 pandemic. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and compliance with Covid-19 infection prevention and control measures among health workers in regional referral hospitals in northern Uganda.  Methods: An online cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 75 health workers in regional referral hospitals within northern Uganda. A structured questionnaire was distributed to health workers via WhatsApp messenger. Sufficient knowledge was considered at a correct response score of ≥80%, while adequate compliance was rated ≥75% of the maximum score. Data were analyzed using SPSS v21.   Results: The majority of the health workers had sufficient knowledge (69%) and adequate compliance (68%) with Covid-19 IPC. Adequate compliance was significantly associated with training in Covid-19 IPC (p=0.039), access to Covid-19 IPC at workstations (p=0.036), and having strong institutional support (p=0.031). However, there was no significant relationship between knowledge and compliance with IPC (p=0.07). The socio-demographic characteristics of health workers, including age, sex, education level, occupation, working hours and work experience, had no statistically significant relationship with Covid-19 IPC knowledge or compliance.  Conclusion: Our results show fairly good knowledge and compliance with Covid-19 IPC among health workers in northern Uganda. There is need for more training and provision of guidelines to promote compliance with Covid-19 IPC.

scholarly journals Profiles of microorganisms isolated from neonates’ blood cultures, incubators, cradles, ventilators, washbasins, and health-workers of Libreville University Hospital Neonatal Service: focus on infection prevention and control measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane Kuissi Kamgaing ◽  
Jean-Charles Ndong ◽  
Léonard Kouegnigan Rerambiah ◽  
Joel Fleury Djoba Siawaya
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures

Background: Nosocomial infection outbreaks in neonatal services are a serious healthcare concern in both developed and developing countries, but few studies have been conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: This study explored the etiology of septicemia in neonates and associated patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility in Gabon. Methods: We analyzed cultures from neonates’ blood and swabs from medical personnel and equipment located in the neonatology service. Results: Sixty-eight microorganisms were isolated from the medical personnel and equipment; 46 microorganisms were isolated from neonates’ blood culture. Klebsiella pneumoniae spp pneumoniae was the most common bacteria found in both (30.6% and 26.9%, respectively). All Klebsiella pneumoniae spp pneumonia isolates were resistant to amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, gentamycin resistance ranged from 93% to 100%, and cephalosporin resistance ranged from 33.3% to 47%. Conclusions: Awareness of the etiology, prevalence, and outcome of nosocomial infection is the first and most important step to appropriate interventions

scholarly journals Knowledge and Compliance with Covid-19 Infection Prevention and Control measures among Health Workers in Regional Referral Hospitals in Northern Uganda: A cross-sectional Online Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Bright Amanya ◽  
Richard Nyeko ◽  
Bonniface Obura ◽  
Joy Acen ◽  
Caroline Nabasirye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Referral Hospitals ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background:Infection prevention and control (IPC) has increasingly been underscored as a key tool for limiting the transmission of Covid-19 and safeguarding health workers from infections during their work. Knowledge and compliance with IPC measures is therefore essential in protecting health workers. However, this has not been established among Ugandan health workers in light of the Covid-19 pandemic.Objective: To determine the knowledge and compliance with Covid-19 infection prevention and control measures among health workers in regional referral hospitals in Northern Uganda.Methods: An online cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 75 health workers in regional referral hospitals within Northern Uganda. A structured questionnaire was distributed to health workers via WhatsApp messenger. Sufficient knowledge was considered at a correct response score of ≥80%, while adequate compliance was rated ≥75 of the maximum score. Data were analyzed using SPSS v21.Results: The majority of the health workers had good knowledge (69%) and compliance (68%) with Covid-19 IPC. Good compliance was significantly associated with training in Covid-19 IPC (p=0.039), access to Covid-19 IPC at work stations (p=0.036), and having sufficient institutional support (p=0.031). However, there was no significant relationship between knowledge and compliance with IPC (p=0.007). The sociodemographic characteristics of health workers, including age, sex, education level, occupation, working hours and work experience, had no statistically significant relationship with Cvid-19 IPC knowledge or compliance.Discussion: Our findings provide support for IPC training and guidelines as well as adequate PPEs to be available to health workers to improve compliance with Covid-19 IPC.

scholarly journals Probable immersions for novel Coronavirus and its preventions: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parth M. Kapatel ◽  
Nagma ara Malik
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
New Public Health ◽  
New Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The new public health crisis threatening the world with the emergence due to the spreading of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or it can also say as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus instigated in bats and was transmitted to humans through yet unknown transitional animals in Wuhan, Hubei province, China in December 2019. There have been around 3.04 million reported cases by WHO of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) and 895 thousand are recovered, 211 thousand reported deaths to date (28/04/2020) from all over the world. The disease is spread by inhalation/breathing or interaction with infected droplets. The quarantine period ranges from 2 to 14 days. The symptoms are typically breathlessness, cough, sore throat, fever, fatigue, malaise, among others. The disease is mild in most people; while in about some (generally the aged and those with comorbidities), it may progress to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ dysfunction. Many people are asymptomatic. Treatment is very essentially supportive; the role of antiviral agents is up till now to be recognized. Prevention requires home quarantine of alleged cases and those with mild illnesses and severe infection control measures at hospitals that contain interaction, touch and droplet precautions.

scholarly journals COVID-19 outbreak in India: an early stage analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Sanju Mishra Tiwari ◽  
Devottam Gaurav ◽  
Ajith Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
Kerala State

<p>The COVID-19 outbreak in several countries of the world is facing a challenging task to control the virus transmission as 3.7 million people are tested positive in all over world at the time of writing. India is also suffering with the virus outbreak in different states as on January 30, 2020, India reported its first confirmed case of coronavirus deadly disease (COVID-19) in Kerala state where three students returned from the epicentre of the disease, Wuhan, China. During the first week, India experienced a slow growth in the infected cases but soon after an outbreak has been found in several states and union territories, although strict measures are being made to control the outbreak. This study presents a comprehensive analysis to explore the current status of virus transmission at state and country level, infection growth, most affected age groups, available datasets and prediction models and strict control measures. Several data sources are analysed to collect the pandemic data such as Johns Hopkins University, Ministry of Health, COVID-19 India, Worldometer and media. The analysed study will be significant for scientist, researchers and health workers of India and also for the administrative tasks to consider the different strict measure to control COVID-19.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document