Role of gut microbiota in Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota

scholarly journals Crosstalk between Gut and Brain in Alzheimer’s Disease: The Role of Gut Microbiota Modulation Strategies

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 690
Author(s):  
Umair Shabbir ◽  
Muhammad Sajid Arshad ◽  
Aysha Sameen ◽  
Deog-Hwan Oh
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Dynamic Population

The gut microbiota (GM) represents a diverse and dynamic population of microorganisms and about 100 trillion symbiotic microbial cells that dwell in the gastrointestinal tract. Studies suggest that the GM can influence the health of the host, and several factors can modify the GM composition, such as diet, drug intake, lifestyle, and geographical locations. Gut dysbiosis can affect brain immune homeostasis through the microbiota–gut–brain axis and can play a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The relationship between gut dysbiosis and AD is still elusive, but emerging evidence suggests that it can enhance the secretion of lipopolysaccharides and amyloids that may disturb intestinal permeability and the blood–brain barrier. In addition, it can promote the hallmarks of AD, such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta formation, insulin resistance, and ultimately the causation of neural death. Poor dietary habits and aging, along with inflammatory responses due to dysbiosis, may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. Thus, GM modulation through diet, probiotics, or fecal microbiota transplantation could represent potential therapeutics in AD. In this review, we discuss the role of GM dysbiosis in AD and potential therapeutic strategies to modulate GM in AD.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer’s Disease, Depression, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Role of Oxidative Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luca ◽  
Maurizio Di Mauro ◽  
Marco Di Mauro ◽  
Antonina Luca
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Therapeutic Implications

Gut microbiota consists of over 100 trillion microorganisms including at least 1000 different species of bacteria and is crucially involved in physiological and pathophysiological processes occurring in the host. An imbalanced gastrointestinal ecosystem (dysbiosis) seems to be a contributor to the development and maintenance of several diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, depression, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Interestingly, the three disorders are frequently associated as demonstrated by the high comorbidity rates. In this review, we introduce gut microbiota and its role in both normal and pathological processes; then, we discuss the importance of the gut-brain axis as well as the role of oxidative stress and inflammation as mediators of the pathological processes in which dysbiosis is involved. Specific sections pertain the role of the altered gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, depression, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The therapeutic implications of microbiota manipulation are briefly discussed. Finally, a conclusion comments on the possible role of dysbiosis as a common pathogenetic contributor (via oxidative stress and inflammation) shared by the three disorders.

scholarly journals The Endocannabinoid System: A Bridge between Alzheimer’s Disease and Gut Microbiota

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 934
Author(s):  
Tiziana Bisogno ◽  
Anna Lauritano ◽  
Fabiana Piscitelli
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Severe Dementia ◽  
System A ◽  
Preclinical Ad

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that progresses from mild cognitive impairment to severe dementia over time. The main clinical hallmarks of the disease (e.g., beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles) begin during preclinical AD when cognitive deficits are not yet apparent. Hence, a more profound understanding of AD pathogenesis is needed to develop new therapeutic strategies. In this context, the endocannabinoid (eCB) system and the gut microbiome are increasingly emerging as important players in maintaining the general homeostasis and the health status of the host. However, their interaction has come to light just recently with gut microbiota regulating the eCB tone at both receptor and enzyme levels in intestinal and adipose tissues. Importantly, eCB system and gut microbiome, have been suggested to play a role in AD in both animal and human studies. Therefore, the microbiome gut-brain axis and the eCB system are potential common denominators in the AD physiopathology. Hence, the aim of this review is to provide a general overview on the role of both the eCB system and the microbiome gut-brain axis in AD and to suggest possible mechanisms that underlie the potential interplay of these two systems.

Gut microbiota as a link between modern lifestyles and Alzheimer’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Gary Dykes
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Modulative Role

: It is established that the gut microbiota has a significant influence on Alzheimer’s disease. In turn, both the disease and the microbiota are affected by biological variables associated with modern lifestyles. The examination of the potential interrelationship among these three factors and on the role played by lifestyles in gut dysbiosis-induced pathologies of Alzheimer’s disease are limited. Deciphering these connections will provide insights into the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer’s disease. Specifically, based on this trilateral relationship, various non-pharmacological interventive strategies targeting the gut microbiota can be developed. This review fills this gap by presenting the latest evidence for the modulative role of modern lifestyles on the gut microbiota and its relevance to Alzheimer’s disease, with a discussion on the limitations of current research and future directions.

Role of Gut Microbiota in Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naseer ◽  
Fehmida Bibi ◽  
Mohammed Alqahtani ◽  
Adeel Chaudhary ◽  
Esam Azhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota

Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Central Nervous System: A Focus on Alzheimer's Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (13) ◽  
pp. 1179-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilma M. Junges ◽  
Vera E. Closs ◽  
Guilherme M. Nogueira ◽  
Maria G.V. Gottlieb
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
System A ◽  
Bidirectional Communication ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

The role of diet and gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, has recently come under intense investigation. Studies suggest that human gut microbiota may contribute to the modulation of several neurochemical and neurometabolic pathways, through complex systems that interact and interconnect with the central nervous system. The brain and intestine form a bidirectional communication axis, or vice versa, they form an axis through bi-directional communication between endocrine and complex immune systems, involving neurotransmitters and hormones. Above all, studies suggest that dysbiotic and poorly diversified microbiota may interfere with the synthesis and secretion of neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, gammaaminobutyric acid and N-methyl D-Aspartate receptors, widely associated with cognitive decline and dementia. In this context, the present article provides a review of the literature on the role of the gutbrain axis in Alzheimer's disease.

scholarly journals Defining the role of gut microbiota‐derived ketamine metabolites in Alzheimer’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (S9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Maria Pasinetti ◽  
Sean X. Naughton ◽  
Kyle J. Trageser ◽  
Joyce M. Harary ◽  
Susan Westfall
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota
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