Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Ethanol Extract of Curcuma longa L. in Mice

Objective: The main objectives of the research are to investigate the phytochemical screening, histology appearance, and safety of acute oral toxicity study on the extract of the fruit of Psidium guajava Linn. in mice.Methods: Mice that were administered by oral feeding with different and controlled dose were divided into three groups, with dose limits of both 2000 and 5000 mg/kg b.w. We analyzed the P. guajava Linn. extract with specific methods before treating the subject. The methods were followed with acute oral toxicity study of Up-and-Down Procedure Organization for Economic and Development 425. The mice were then observed for signs and symptoms of toxicity. In addition, toxicity in the liver and kidney was analyzed through histology observation.Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, quinone, triterpenoid/steroid, tannins and saponins, and the absence of alkaloids. We found that the treatment with 2000 and 5000 mg/kg b.w. of the extract did not show any differences in body weight changes, number of hepatocyte in liver, and podocyte in kidney compared with control (*p>0.05). Moreover, we noticed all mice lived and were healthy during observation.Conclusion: Our finding indicates that the extract of the fruit of P. guajava Linn. is safe and it was not toxic to the liver and kidney.

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PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND HISTOLOGY APPEARANCE OF ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY STUDY ON ETHANOL EXTRACT OF PSIDIUM GUAJAVA LINN. FRUIT IN MICE

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v12i1.30118 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 351

Author(s):

Nur Atik ◽

Iskandar Muda ◽

Andri Reza Rahmadi ◽

Achadiyani Achadiyani ◽

Diah Dhianawaty Djunaedi

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Extract ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Oral Feeding ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Acute Oral Toxicity ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Liver And Kidney

Objective: The main objectives of the research are to investigate the phytochemical screening, histology appearance, and safety of acute oral toxicity study on the extract of the fruit of Psidium guajava Linn. in mice.Methods: Mice that were administered by oral feeding with different and controlled dose were divided into three groups, with dose limits of both 2000 and 5000 mg/kg b.w. We analyzed the P. guajava Linn. extract with specific methods before treating the subject. The methods were followed with acute oral toxicity study of Up-and-Down Procedure Organization for Economic and Development 425. The mice were then observed for signs and symptoms of toxicity. In addition, toxicity in the liver and kidney was analyzed through histology observation.Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, quinone, triterpenoid/steroid, tannins and saponins, and the absence of alkaloids. We found that the treatment with 2000 and 5000 mg/kg b.w. of the extract did not show any differences in body weight changes, number of hepatocyte in liver, and podocyte in kidney compared with control (*p>0.05). Moreover, we noticed all mice lived and were healthy during observation.Conclusion: Our finding indicates that the extract of the fruit of P. guajava Linn. is safe and it was not toxic to the liver and kidney.

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Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats with Black Acid Soluble Nickel Oxide

Journal of the American College of Toxicology ◽

10.3109/10915819209142075 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 682-682

Author(s):

E. L. Reagan

Keyword(s):

Nickel Oxide ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Acute Oral Toxicity ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Black Acid

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Acute oral toxicity study of GAL-57 (Bentazon + Dicamba) herbicide in rats

Pesticidi i fitomedicina ◽

10.2298/pif0903221b ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 221-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dragica Brkic ◽

Slavica Gasic ◽

Nesko Neskovic

Keyword(s):

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Acute Oral Toxicity ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Group Iii ◽

Clinical Observations ◽

Righting Reflex ◽

And Behavior ◽

Observation Period

An acute oral toxicity study of the herbicide GAL-57 (Avalon), a mixture of bentazon and dicamba as active ingredients, was investigated on rats, using a new method that has been used in the past several years (2001). Clinical observations symptoms and mortality were performed for all animals in different time intervals after treatment, and gross necropsy was performed at the end of observation period. Clinical symptoms (decreased activity, prone position, abnormal limb position, decreased righting reflex, decreased grip and limb tone, decreased body and abdominal tone, dyspnoea) of marked degree were noted after administration of 2000 mg/kg, and animals were dead in the period of 30-60 minutes after the treatment. GAL-57 did not cause any clinical sings at single 300 mg/kg bw dose. The physical condition and behavior of animals (males and females) were normal, and it is not differ in reaction to the control. According to the methodology used in the present study, it could be concluded that the acute oral LD-50 value of the GAL-57 proved to be between 300 and 2000 mg/kg body weight in rats, and the product was ranked into Poison group III according to Serbian criteria, category 4 of the Global Harmonized Classification System, and Category III of the EPA classification.

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Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats with Nickel Powder

Journal of the American College of Toxicology ◽

10.3109/10915819209142083 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 690-690

Author(s):

E. L. Reagan

Keyword(s):

Nickel Powder ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Acute Oral Toxicity ◽

Oral Toxicity

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Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats with Green High Temperature Nickel Oxide

Journal of the American College of Toxicology ◽

10.3109/10915819209142082 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 689-689

Author(s):

E. L. Reagan

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Nickel Oxide ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Acute Oral Toxicity ◽

Oral Toxicity

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Acute, Subacute, and Genotoxicity Assessments of a Proprietary Blend of Garcinia mangostana Fruit Rind and Cinnamomum tamala Leaf Extracts (CinDura®)

Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1155/2020/1435891 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Sundararaju Dodda ◽

Venkata Krishnaraju Alluri ◽

Trimurtulu Golakoti ◽

Krishanu Sengupta

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Mouse Bone Marrow ◽

Acute Oral Toxicity ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Garcinia Mangostana ◽

Cinnamomum Tamala ◽

Fruit Rind

The present communication describes a battery of toxicity studies that include an acute oral toxicity, a subacute twenty-eight-day repeated oral dose toxicity, and genotoxicity studies on a herbal formulation CinDura® (GMCT). This proprietary herbal composition contains the extracts of the Garcinia mangostana fruit rind (GM) and the Cinnamomum tamala leaf (CT). The toxicological evaluations were performed following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines. The acute oral toxicity study in Wistar rats suggests that the median lethal dose of CinDura® is at least 2000 mg/kg body weight. Acute dermal and eye irritation tests in New Zealand white rabbits indicate that the test item is nonirritant to the skin and eyes. A twenty-eight-day repeated dose oral toxicity study was conducted in male and female Wistar rats using daily doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight, followed by a fourteen-day reversal period for two satellite groups. The CinDura®-supplemented animals did not show any sign of toxicity on their body weights, organ weights, and on the hematobiochemical parameters. The gross pathology and histopathological examinations indicated no treatment-related changes in the experimental animals. Overall, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the herbal blend is 1000 mg/kg body weight, the highest tested dose. Also, the results of the bacterial reverse mutation test and the erythrocyte micronucleus assay in mouse bone marrow suggest that CinDura® (GMCT) is neither mutagenic nor clastogenic.

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ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACT OF HOLOTHURIA ATRA IN MICE

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2020.v13i2.36316 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 150-153

Author(s):

PANDU SALIM HANAFI ◽

AJI SUTRISNO ◽

TUTIK MURNIASIH ◽

HARIJONO ◽

MASTERIA YUNOVILSA PUTRA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Polar Compounds ◽

Toxicity Assessment ◽

Acute Oral Toxicity ◽

Test Results ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Holothuria Atra

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the toxicological potential of the ethanol extract of Holothuria atra through the acute oral toxicity – acute toxic class method. Methods: The sample was immersed in ethanol for 72 h at room temperature and repeated 3 times. The extracts were evaporated using a vacuum rotary evaporator. The identification of compounds in the ethanol extract of H. atra was carried out using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LCMS) analysis. The acute toxicity test was examined the effects of treating male mice with the ethanol extract of H. atra at 300 and 2000 mg/kg by oral administration for 14 days. On the past day of the toxicity test, liver of all experimental animals was taken for histopathological testing. Results: LCMS analysis showed that the ethanol extract of H. atra is contained polar compounds (chlorogenic acid, coumaric acid, a glycosaminoglycan, and holothurin) and non-polar compounds (fatty acids). Acute toxicity study was performed at a dose of 300 and 2000 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days. No deaths or behavioral changes were observed during the administration of both doses. Histopathological test results on the liver showed a few changes at doses of 2000 mg/kg. Conclusions: The LD50 is equal to 5000 mg/kg and the ethanol extracts of H. atra can be classified as practically nontoxic. However, further studies are required to proceed to clinical studies in humans.

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Acute Oral Toxicity of Pinnatoxin G in Mice

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins12020087 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 87 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Silvio Sosa ◽

Marco Pelin ◽

Federica Cavion ◽

Fabienne Hervé ◽

Philipp Hess ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Rapid Onset ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Oral Exposure ◽

Acute Oral Toxicity ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Acute Toxicity Study

Pinnatoxin G (PnTx-G) is a marine cyclic imine toxin produced by the dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum, frequently detected in edible shellfish from Ingril Lagoon (France). As other pinnatoxins, to date, no human poisonings ascribed to consumption of PnTx-G contaminated seafood have been reported, despite its potent antagonism at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and its high and fast-acting toxicity after intraperitoneal or oral administration in mice. The hazard characterization of PnTx-G by oral exposure is limited to a single acute toxicity study recording lethality and clinical signs in non-fasted mice treated by gavage or through voluntary food ingestion, which showed differences in PnTx-G toxic potency. Thus, an acute toxicity study was carried out using 3 h-fasted CD-1 female mice, administered by gavage with PnTx-G (8–450 µg kg−1). At the dose of 220 µg kg−1 and above, the toxin induced a rapid onset of clinical signs (piloerection, prostration, hypothermia, abdominal breathing, paralysis of the hind limbs, and cyanosis), leading to the death of mice within 30 min. Except for moderate mucosal degeneration in the small intestine recorded at doses of 300 µg kg−1, the toxin did not induce significant morphological changes in the other main organs and tissues, or alterations in blood chemistry parameters. This acute oral toxicity study allowed to calculate an oral LD50 for PnTx-G equal to 208 μg kg−1 (95% confidence limits: 155–281 µg kg−1) and to estimate a provisional NOEL of 120 µg kg−1.

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