scholarly journals Acute Oral Toxicity of Pinnatoxin G in Mice

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Sosa ◽  
Marco Pelin ◽  
Federica Cavion ◽  
Fabienne Hervé ◽  
Philipp Hess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study

Pinnatoxin G (PnTx-G) is a marine cyclic imine toxin produced by the dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum, frequently detected in edible shellfish from Ingril Lagoon (France). As other pinnatoxins, to date, no human poisonings ascribed to consumption of PnTx-G contaminated seafood have been reported, despite its potent antagonism at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and its high and fast-acting toxicity after intraperitoneal or oral administration in mice. The hazard characterization of PnTx-G by oral exposure is limited to a single acute toxicity study recording lethality and clinical signs in non-fasted mice treated by gavage or through voluntary food ingestion, which showed differences in PnTx-G toxic potency. Thus, an acute toxicity study was carried out using 3 h-fasted CD-1 female mice, administered by gavage with PnTx-G (8–450 µg kg−1). At the dose of 220 µg kg−1 and above, the toxin induced a rapid onset of clinical signs (piloerection, prostration, hypothermia, abdominal breathing, paralysis of the hind limbs, and cyanosis), leading to the death of mice within 30 min. Except for moderate mucosal degeneration in the small intestine recorded at doses of 300 µg kg−1, the toxin did not induce significant morphological changes in the other main organs and tissues, or alterations in blood chemistry parameters. This acute oral toxicity study allowed to calculate an oral LD50 for PnTx-G equal to 208 μg kg−1 (95% confidence limits: 155–281 µg kg−1) and to estimate a provisional NOEL of 120 µg kg−1.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity Study of Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) Flour Macerated with Strobilanthes crispus in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 976-981
Author(s):  
Rizka Qurrota A’yun ◽  
Uswatun Hasanah ◽  
Hamam Hadi ◽  
Mustofa Mustofa ◽  
Eva Nurinda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Urinary Protein ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Strobilanthes Crispus

BACKGROUND: Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) is a local tuber food that high in bioactive compound glucomannan. It uses are limited due to oxalate acid content which poses health risks. Strobilanthes crispus leaves could reduce the level of calcium oxalate in porang. However, there is still no study to prove its safety. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the acute oral toxicity study of porang (A. oncophyllus) macerated with S. crispus based on observation of mortality rate (LD50), the changes in behavior during 72 h, renal and hepatic function such as urinary protein, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels of Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus) METHODS: An acute toxicity test was conducted based on the Organization of Economic Co-Operation and Development 420 Fixed-Dose Procedure Guideline that consists of preliminary and main studies. For the preliminary study, rats were divided into control and five treatment groups with the dosage of 50, 300, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg body weight (BW) for each natural porang flour (NPF) and S. crispus-macerated porang flour (SPF). For the main study, rats were divided into four groups, those were NPF and SPF with the dosage of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg BW. Levels of urinary protein and blood serum SGOT and SGPT levels were measured at 0, 24, and 72 after treatment. RESULTS: The acute toxicity study showed that porang and porang macerated with S. crispus were not toxic until the highest dose of 5000 mg/kg BW. It was proved by the absence of LD50, no change in behavior, no weight losses, and also the results of biochemical tests, such as urinary protein, SGOT, and SGPT which were still in the normal range. CONCLUSIONS: Porang flour and SPF were concluded as non-toxic food based on acute toxicity study.

scholarly journals QSAR Modeling Of Mammal Acute Toxicity By Oral Exposure

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. e00066 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.A. Raevsky ◽  
V.Yu. Grigorev ◽  
A.V. Yarkov ◽  
O.V. Tinkov
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Qsar Modeling ◽  
Test Sets

7490 organic compounds exhibiting acute oral toxicity in mice were studied. Regression models with satisfactory statistical characteristics have been created using the original AMP (arithmetic mean property) approach. The best models using the training and test sets were characterized by the squared linear correlation coefficient and the standard deviation of 0.5 and 0.45 (in log(1/LD50) units).

scholarly journals Acute and Subchronic (28-day) Oral Toxicity Studies on the Film Formulation of k-Carrageenan and Konjac Glucomannan for Soft Capsule Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Sutrisni ◽  
Sundani Soewandhi ◽  
I Adnyana ◽  
Lucy Sasongko
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Konjac Glucomannan ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Relative Organ Weight ◽  
Film Formulation ◽  
Safe Dose

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute and subchronic toxicity of a film formulation that combines κ-Carrageenan and konjac glucomannan for soft capsule application. For the acute toxicity study, a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight (bw) of the film suspension was administered orally to rats. The animals were observed for toxic symptoms and mortality daily for 14 days. In a subchronic toxicity study, the film suspension, at doses of 10, 30 and 75 mg/kg bw for 28 days, were orally administered to rats. After 28 days, the rats were sacrificed for hematological, biochemical and histological examination. In the acute toxicity study, neither signs of toxicity nor death among the rats were observed for up to 14 days of the experimental period. The results of the subchronic toxicity study show that there were no significant changes observed in the hematology and organ histology. Some alterations to the relative organ weight and blood biochemistry were observed, but they were considered to be temporary effects and not an indication of toxic effects. The overall findings of this study indicate that the film formulation of κ-Carrageenan and konjac glucomannan is non-toxic up to a dose of 75 mg/kg bw, which could be considered a safe dose for soft capsule application.

scholarly journals Withania frutescens. L Extract: Phytochemical Characterization and Acute and Repeated Dose 28-Day Oral Toxicity Studies in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Abdelfattah EL Moussaoui ◽  
Mohammed Bourhia ◽  
Fatima Zahra Jawhari ◽  
Imane Es-safi ◽  
Syed Saeed Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study

Background. Withania frutescens. L (W. frutescens) is a perennial woody medicinal plant belonging to family Solanaceae largely used by the indigenous population to Morocco for the treatment of disease. Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical composition, acute, and subacute toxicity of W. frutescens extract in mice. Materials and Methods. The phytochemical composition of W. frutescens extract was determined using a gas chromatograph (GC/MS). Acute toxicity study was carried out in mice through oral administration of single doses 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg for 14 days. Subacute toxicity was performed with oral administration of repeated doses 500 and 2000 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Biochemical parameters (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, and creatinine), as well as histopathological changes potentially occurred in organs, (liver, kidney, and spleen) were evaluated. Results. The results of chromatographic analysis showed the richness of W. frutescens extract in interesting phytochemical compounds majorly constituted of bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylene-(C10H16). Regarding acute toxicity study, the results showed no clinical symptoms occurred in treated mice compared to the control group and no histological changes detected in analyzed organs of treated mice with dose put to 2000 mg/kg nor adverse effect on biochemical parameters. Conclusion. The outcome of this work showed no toxic effect of W. frutescens in mice up to dose 2000 mg/kg bodyweight. Therefore, this study could scientifically validate further traditional use with safety in the range of tested doses.

scholarly journals Study the Acute & Sub Acute Toxicity of Ricinus cummunis Lnn. Ethanol Extract of Seed in Albino Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal H. AL-Jborrey ◽  
Muastafa A. K. Altaie ◽  
Ayyad W. Al-Shahwany
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study

Background: Toxicity still a global problem for the environment, agriculture and ultimately human health. Objective: In this study attempt to investigate the toxicological profile of the ethanol, extract of Ricinus cummunis after acute and sub-chronic administration to mice. Methods: In the acute toxicity study, a single administration of the extract at doses of 1000,2000,3000,4000 and 5000 mg/kg, respectively, was gave orally. Mice were observed for general behavioral changes, adverse effects and mortality up to 10 days post-treatment. In sub-acute toxicity studies, herbal extract was gave orally to mice at doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg for 10 days. Results: In the acute toxicity study, the mortality appeared in 2000 mg/kg and LD50 were calculated at 1100 mg/kg. In the sub-chronic toxicity the study show significant differences in body weight between the control and treated groups (p < 0.05). Histopathology of vital organ (liver & kidney) show morphological changes. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the real toxic effect of the ethanolic extract after single dose. The LD50 value is 1100 mg/kg and research indicates that successive use of the seed at the dose above (2 g/kg in human) daily for long period may cause toxic signs. Highlights: The Ricinus communis oil's has wide variety of industrial applications: as a drying oil for paints, varnishes, plastics and resins is an ingredient in numerous cosmetics. But it need to toxicity study as acute and sub-acute with observation of hematological and histopathological to be more safety  for used.

Absence of Detectable Toxicity in Rats Fed Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum (K-13) for 13 Weeks

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takatoshi Koujitani ◽  
Hidetoshi Oishi ◽  
Yuji Kubo ◽  
Toshihiro Maeda ◽  
Keiji Sekiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Mutagenic Potential ◽  
Reverse Mutation ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
K 13 ◽  
Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum

Toxicity studies were conducted to evaluate acute and subchronic oral toxicity and mutagenicity of partially hydrolyzed guar gum (K-13). In an acute toxicity study, mice and rats were treated with K-13 at a dose of 6000 mg/ kg. There were no deaths, so the LD50s were >6000 mg/ kg in both species. In a subchronic toxicity study, K-13 was given to rats as a dietary admixture at concentrations of 0.2. 1.0 and 5.0% for 13 weeks. There were no effects attributable to K-13 in any examinations. K-13 proved to have no mutagenic potential in a reverse mutation test using bacteria.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective effect of Helicanthus elastica

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 525 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.N. Sunil Kumar ◽  
R. Rajakrishnan ◽  
J. Thomas ◽  
G. Aadinaath Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Whole Plant

<p class="Abstract">Search for medicinal plants to treat liver disorders is an important research topic on herbs. Acute toxicity study is a prerequisite for safety and dose fixation for further pharmacological actions. In the present study, aqueous and 95% ethanolic extract of whole plant of <em>Helicanthus elastica</em> were subjected to acute oral toxicity. The aqueous and ethanolic extract revealed no observable changes in the rats up to the dose level of 2,000 mg /kg body weight. The extracts were then screened for paracetamol-induced hepatic injury at dose levels of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight (1/10 and 1/5 LD<sub>50 </sub>based on toxicity study). The aqueous extract of whole plant of <em>H. elastica</em> was found to produce significant (p&lt;0.05) reversal of the paracetamol-induced changes in the measured biochemical and histopathological parameters at lower dose of 200 mg/kg which was found to be better than ethanol extract at the same dose level.</p><p class="Abstract"><strong>Video Clip:</strong></p><p class="Abstract"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/cO6HI1Kikxs">Acute toxicity study and others:</a> 5 min 38 sec</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Acute and Subacute Oral Toxicity Assessment of European Cranberrybush (Viburnum opulus L). Fruit Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 355-355
Author(s):  
Gizem Ozan ◽  
Alev Cumbul ◽  
Engin Sümer ◽  
Dilara Baban ◽  
Ahmet Aydın ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Viburnum Opulus ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Subacute Toxicity

Abstract Objectives The intake of the high dose of polyphenols might cause adverse health effects on humans, in such cases, toxicological testing may be required to ensure safe levels of intake. In the present study, acute and subacute oral toxicity studies of polyphenol-rich European cranberrybush (Viburnum opulus L.) (ECB) fruit extract were evaluated to ensure the safe use of this extract. Methods In acute toxicity, freshly prepared ECB extract dissolved in distilled water was administrated to Sprague-Dawley rats by oral gavage at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg and signs of toxicity and mortality was observed. In subacute toxicity, Balb-c mice were administrated orally at 500 (low dose) and 2000 mg/kg (high dose) of ECB extract for 28 days and their mortality, clinical signs and, body weight were recorded on a daily and weekly basis, respectively. At the end of 28 days, while blood samples from each animal were taken for hematological and biochemical analysis, vital organs were taken for histopathological examination. Results In acute toxicity study, ECB extract showed no toxicological signs observed on behavioral change and body weight of rats after 14 days indicating that the lethal dose (LD50) of the ECB fruit extract might be higher than 2000 mg/kg. No death and no abnormal clinical signs were also recorded in subacute toxicity study. However, the increment in body weight of administrated high dose of ECB extract animals were significantly lower than control (P &gt; 0.05). High dose of ECB fruit extract induced the level of in some hematological parameters. Even amylase and lipase values were lower than normal ranges at high dose animals, other biochemical parameters results were not significantly different from the controls. In histopathological examination, the total histopathological scores ECB extract administrated mice at both doses were showed normal histological features in many tissues compared to control. However, administrated with a high dose of ECB extract showed significant changes in kidney, liver, and adipose tissue that were alterations (edema, infiltration, and bleeding) compared to control. Conclusions These findings indicated that polyphenol-rich ECB extract might show a toxic effect at a high dose (2000 mg/kg) and no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of ECB extract was 500 mg/kg ECB fruit juice. Funding Sources This study was supported by Yeditepe University.

scholarly journals Acute toxicity study of seeds of Achyranthes aspera, bark of Berberis aristata and roots of Coleus forskohlii in Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1424
Author(s):  
J. Ravi Kumar ◽  
V. Prasanna ◽  
Chakradhar . ◽  
K. C. Haritha
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Achyranthes Aspera ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
The Family

Background: Achyranthes aspera is a species of plant in the family Amaranthaceae. Berberis aristata is a shrub belonging to the family Berberidaceae and the genus Berberis. Plectranthus barbatus is a tropical perennial plant related to the typical coleus species. It produces forskolin, an extract useful for pharmaceutical preparations and research in cell biology. It is belonging to Lamiaceae. The present study has been undertaken to study the toxic effects of hydro alcoholic extracts of A. aspera, B. aristata, C. forskohlii in albino Wistar rats and to establish the hazardous safety category of hydro alcoholic extracts of these plants as per organization for economic cooperation and development (OECD-423) guidelines and GHS classification system respectively.Methods: In acute toxicity study, the hydro-alcoholic extracts of all the above three plants were given orally at the dose of 2000 mg/kg b. w. to three rats in each group respectively in step I. Then, all the animals were observed for initial 4 hours and followed by fourteen days for their clinical signs and mortality in step II.Results: In step I, all the animals were normal and there was no mortality after 48 hours. In step II with the same dose, all the animals showed no adverse effects and no mortality when followed up to 14 days observation period.Conclusions: The result indicates that the hydro alcoholic extracts of A. aspera, B. aristata, C. forskohlii plants can be utilized safely for therapeutic use in pharmaceutical formulations and it falls under category ‘5’ or ‘unclassified’ of GHS system.

scholarly journals Evaluation of acute oral toxicity study of essential oils (Eos) from Pogostemon benghalensis and P. cablin in Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
DP Pradeep ◽  
K Murugan ◽  
G S Manoj
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Toxicity Studies

The use of crude herbal decoctions in the traditional treatment of diseases is a common practice.  Pogostemon benghalensis and P. cablin are commonly used for treatment of diverse categories of diseases such as infectious and non-infectious disease. Native people use the crude decoctions as bactericidal, antimalarial, anti-leshimania, anti-diarrheal and insecticidal activities. Its safety profile is not yet elucidated and therefore, this study was to analyze the acute toxicity of essential oils (Eos) from P. benghalensis and P. cablin as medicinal. Methods include acute toxicity study using male and female Wistar albino rats with single oral dose and followed up to 14 days as per the guidelines of OECD. Visual observations were carried regularly during the experimental period while body weight was measured weekly. Organ weight, clinical chemistry and hematology data were collected on the 7th and 14th days. Results were presented as mean ± standard deviation. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried. Oral administration of Eos from P. benghalensis and P. cablin revealed no treatment-related mortality in female rats up to the dose of 5000 mg/kg. In acute toxicity studies, no remarkable treatment related anomalies were observed compared to negative controls. Food consumption, body weight, organ weight, hematology did not showed sound variation between controls and treatment groups. However, creatinine, triglycerides, and monocytes were lower in the treated groups in 7th day as compared to control groups. No significant variations between male and female groups in relative organ weight, hematology were noticed. In conclusion, the Eos from P. benghalensis and P. cablin showed LD50 > 3000 mg/kg in acute toxicity studies. Keywords: Pogostemon benghalensis, P. cablin, traditional medicine, safety, plant medicine, adverse effect, acute oral toxicity

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