Pharmacological potential of wood apple (Limonia acidissima): A Review

Since ancient time, herbal drugs were highly used in the prevention and cure of various human illnesses. In India, Azadirachta indica being commonly known as Neem or Margosa is one of the multi-functional trees; belonging to Meliaceae family. In 1992, the US National Academy of Sciences was published a report entitled ‘Neem- a tree for solving global problems’. It is still considered as ‘village dispensary’ throughout the India. There are two species of Azadirachta which have been investigated; Azadirachta indica that is found in the Indian subcontinent and Azadirachta excelsa Kack that is homegrown to Indonesia and Philippines. A large number of pharmacologically active substances have been identified and isolated from the different parts of neem including azadirachtin, meliacin, gedunin, salanin, nimbin, valassin and various other components which are derived from these main compounds. Many different studies have been evaluated and authenticated for its various traditional and pharmacological activities like itching, leprosy, wound healing, spermicidal, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, antidiabetic and analgesic etc. In the beginning of 1979, patenting on neem was started by CSIR to separate the active compounds from neem oil. Its great implantation fights with soil erosion, global warming, deforestations and desertification world-wide. In 2002, World Neem Conference raised the neem tree as an industrial or commercial plant. This review is going to explore comprehensively; traditional, pharmacological potential along with patenting, environmental & industrial significant of various parts of neem tree with safety concerns.

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Optimized Synthesis and Spectral Characterization of Some Hydrazones Based on 5-Nitroindazole with Pharmacological Potential

Ukrainian Journal of Physics ◽

10.15407/ujpe59.03.0313 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 313-318

Author(s):

C. Cheptea ◽

◽

L.M. Ivan ◽

D.O. Dorohoi ◽

V. Sunel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spectral Characterization ◽

Pharmacological Potential

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Valorization of the Pharmacological Potential of Phytochemical Compounds Contained in the Crude Extract of the Root of a Plant of Withania frutescens L

Phytothérapie ◽

10.3166/phyto-2019-0191 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

A. EL Moussaoui ◽

F. Jawhari ◽

K. EL Ouahdani ◽

I. Es-Safi ◽

D. Bousta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Root Extract ◽

Nacl Solution ◽

Phytochemical Compounds ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Pharmacological Potential

Our present study focuses on the evaluation of the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and healing activity of Withania frutescens L. The anti-inflammatory result has an inhibition percentage of 78.87% ± 7.08 at 450 mg/kg and 75.14% ± 6.39 at 400 mg/kg and 89.75% ± 3.44 for diclofenac (1%). When applied locally, the 10% cream has an inflammation inhibition of 96.87% ± 5.85 and 76.14% ± 7.88 for the 5% cream with 89.87 ± 6.20 of reference (Indomethacin). The abdominal contractions of rats treated with the root extract are significantly lower than those of the control group that received only physiological NaCl solution, with 41.20 ± 2.30 for the extract and 82.20 ± 5.04 for NaCl and 53.40 ± 4.94 for the reference. The healing activity of the studied extract records a percentage of contraction of about 93.20% ± 3.36 (Extract 10%), 84.50% ± 3.84 (Extract 5%), 48.47% ± 2.15 (control) and 81.88 ± 2.24 for the reference.

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Pharmacognostical Standardization and Pharmacological Potential of Elaeocarpus ganitrus Leaves as an Antiulcer Agent

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology ◽

10.37285/ijpsn.2018.11.4.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 4162-4169

Author(s):

Mayank Kulshreshtha ◽

Manjul Pratap Singh

Keyword(s):

Skin Diseases ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Histopathological Analysis ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Soluble Extract ◽

Biochemical Studies ◽

Pharmacological Potential ◽

Dose Dependent

Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb, (E. ganitrus) known as Rudraksha belongs to family- Eleocarpaceae. It has a reflecting position in Hinduism and Ayurveda whereas traditionally it has mentioned to cure various health problems like fever, skin diseases, mental problems, wound healing etc. The present study was designed to study the microscopic and macroscopic analysis, physiochemical parameters, quantitative microscopy, phytochemical screening of E. ganitrus leaves as per WHO guidelines and evaluate the antiulcer potential of aqueous extract of E. ganitrus (AEEG) and ethanolic extract of E. ganitrus (EEEG) at the doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg using pylorus ligation induced ulcers model, biochemical parameters. Hepatic, cardiac, hematological parameters have also done to find out the effect of different extracts on other major organs. Microscopic analysis proved the presence of covering trichomes, upper epidermis, lower epidermis, stomata, phloem, xylem etc. Ash value, water soluble ash, acid soluble ash, water soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, loss on drying, swelling index, foaming index found to be 4.3 ± 0.52, 0.2 ± 0.33, 2.0 ± 0.2, 13.7 ± 0.25, 12.5 ± 0.55, 9.8 ± 0.23, 3.6 ± 0.04, more than 100. Different quantitative parameters were found out. Phytochemical analysis of different extracts showed the presence of various primary and secondary metabolite like alkaloids, glycosides, tannin, phenolic compounds etc. Pharmacological potential showed that extracts treated, and sucralfate treated groups showed significantly decreases in ulcer index in all above-mentioned models, biochemical studies clearly showed significant decreases in volume, pH, free acidity, total acidity of gastric content and increases in gastric mucus parameters like protein, total hexoses, hexosamine, fucose, sialic acid and DNA level. The level of antioxidant enzymes like LPO (Lipid peroxidation), SOD (Superoxide dimutase) were decreased and CAT (Catalase) level was increased. Level of PC (Plasma corticosterone) was decreased. Hematological, hepatic, cardiac parameters found to be normal during extracts treatment. Histopathological analysis clearly supports the biochemical studies at various doses and it was found to be effective in dose dependent manner. The obtained scientific data may be helpful to prepare the monograph of the plant and E. ganitrus has antiulcer potential in a dose dependent. Detailed study needed for better exposure of plant.

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PicrorhizakurroaRoyle ex Benth. A plant of diverse pharmacological potential

Annals of Phytomedicine An International Journal ◽

10.21276/ap.2017.6.1.9 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol VI (I) ◽

pp. 63-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Phalisteen Sultan ◽

Shahid Rasool ◽

Qazi Parvaiz Hassan

Keyword(s):

Pharmacological Potential

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Pharmacological Targeting of Neuronal Kv7.2/3 Channels: A Focus on Chemotypes and Receptor Sites

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867324666171012122852 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (23) ◽

pp. 2637-2660 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Francesco Miceli ◽

Maria V. Soldovieri ◽

Paolo Ambrosino ◽

Laura Manocchio ◽

Ilaria Mosca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

New Drugs ◽

Current Status ◽

Functional Heterogeneity ◽

Molecular Scaffolds ◽

Kv7 Channels ◽

Receptor Sites ◽

Pharmacological Targets ◽

Pharmacological Potential

Background: The Kv7 (KCNQ) subfamily of voltage-gated potassium channels consists of 5 members (Kv7.1-5) each showing characteristic tissue distribution and physiological roles. Given their functional heterogeneity, Kv7 channels represent important pharmacological targets for the development of new drugs for neuronal, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. <p> Objective: In the present manuscript, we focus on describing the pharmacological relevance and potential therapeutic applications of drugs acting on neuronally-expressed Kv7.2/3 channels, placing particular emphasis on the different chemotypes, and highlighting their pharmacodynamic and, whenever possible, pharmacokinetic peculiarities. <p> Methods: The present work is based on an in-depth search of the currently available scientific literature, and on our own experience and knowledge in the field of neuronal Kv7 channel pharmacology. Space limitations impeded to describe the full pharmacological potential of Kv7 channels; thus, we have chosen to focus on neuronal channels composed of Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 subunits, and to mainly concentrate on their involvement in epilepsy. <p> Results: An astonishing heterogeneity in the molecular scaffolds exploitable to develop Kv7.2/3 modulators is evident, with important structural/functional peculiarities of distinct compound classes. <p> Conclusion: In the present work we have attempted to show the current status and growing potential of the Kv7 pharmacology field. We anticipate a bright future for the field, and express our hopes that the efforts herein reviewed will result in an improved treatment of hyperexcitability (or any other) diseases.

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Pharmacological Potential of Exercise and RAS Vasoactive Peptides for Prevention of Diseases

Current Protein and Peptide Science ◽

10.2174/13892037113149990063 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 459-471 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Bernardo Petriz ◽

Jeeser Almeida ◽

Ludovico Migliolo ◽

Octavio Franco

Keyword(s):

Vasoactive Peptides ◽

Pharmacological Potential

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Appraisal of the role of In silico Methods in Pyrazole based drug design

Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1389557520666200901184146 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Smriti Sharma ◽

Vinayak Bhatia

Keyword(s):

Drug Design ◽

In Silico ◽

Md Simulations ◽

Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship ◽

Field Analysis ◽

Computational Techniques ◽

Neuroprotective Drugs ◽

Pharmacological Potential ◽

Available Information ◽

Anti Fungal

: Pyrazole and its derivatives are a pharmacologically significant active scaffold that have innumerable physiological and pharmacological activities. They can be very good targets for the discovery of novel anti-bacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-tubercular, antiviral, antioxidant, antidepressant, anti-convulsant and neuroprotective drugs. This review focuses on the importance of in silico manipulations of pyrazole and its derivatives for medicinal chemistry. The authors have discussed currently available information on the use of computational techniques like molecular docking, structure-based virtual screening (SBVS), molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR), comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) to drug design using pyrazole moieties. Pyrazole based drug design is mainly dependent on the integration of experimental and computational approaches. The authors feel that more studies need to be done to fully explore the pharmacological potential of the pyrazole moiety and in silico method can be of great help.

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Anti-Tumor and Anti-Inflammatory Activity In Vivo of Apodanthera congestiflora Cogn. (Cucurbitaceae)

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13050743 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 743

Author(s):

Geovana F. G. Silvestre ◽

Renally P. Lucena ◽

Genil D. Oliveira ◽

Helimarcos N. Pereira ◽

Jhonatta A. B. Dias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Phytochemical Investigation ◽

Significant Toxicity ◽

Biological Tests ◽

Ehrlich's Carcinoma ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Pharmacological Potential ◽

First Time ◽

Anti Tumor Activity

This work aimed to carry out a study of Apodanthera congestiflora by investigating its chemical composition and pharmacological potential. From the dichloromethane phase (Dic-Ac) of the A. congestiflora stems, three compounds were identified: cayaponoside C5b (Ac-1), cabenoside C (Ac-2) and fevicordin C2 glucoside (Ac-3), being last identified for the first time as a natural product. These compounds were obtained by chromatographic methods and their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic analysis of IR, MS and NMR. In the quantification of Dic-Ac, it was possible to observe the presence of 7% of cayaponoside C5b. Dic-Ac showed significant toxicity for in vivo tests, with macroscopic and biochemical changes. The anti-inflammatory activity of Dic-Ac was investigated using the paw edema model. A decrease in inflammatory signs was observed in the first 5 h and the most effective dose in reducing edema with was 7.5 mg kg−1 (66.6%). Anti-tumor activity of Dic-Ac was evaluated by Ehrlich’s carcinoma model, which showed inhibition rate of 78.46% at 15 mg kg−1 dosage. The phytochemical investigation, together with the biological tests carried out in this study, demonstrated that A. congestiflora is a promising species in the search for therapeutics, since it contains substances with high pharmacological potential in its composition.

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Bufadienolides from the Skin Secretions of the Neotropical Toad Rhinella alata (Anura: Bufonidae): Antiprotozoal Activity against Trypanosoma cruzi

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26144217 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (14) ◽

pp. 4217

Author(s):

Candelario Rodriguez ◽

Roberto Ibáñez ◽

Luis Mojica ◽

Michelle Ng ◽

Carmenza Spadafora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vero Cells ◽

Chemical Diversity ◽

Hydroxyl Group ◽

Antitrypanosomal Activity ◽

The Family ◽

Toad Venom ◽

Skin Secretions ◽

Pharmacological Potential ◽

First Time ◽

Mcf 7

Toads in the family Bufonidae contain bufadienolides in their venom, which are characterized by their chemical diversity and high pharmacological potential. American trypanosomiasis is a neglected disease that affects an estimated 8 million people in tropical and subtropical countries. In this research, we investigated the chemical composition and antitrypanosomal activity of toad venom from Rhinella alata collected in Panama. Structural determination using mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy led to the identification of 10 bufadienolides. Compounds identified include the following: 16β-hydroxy-desacetyl-bufotalin-3-adipoyl-arginine ester (1), bufotalin (2), 16β-hydroxy-desacetyl-bufotalin-3-pimeloyl-arginine ester (3), bufotalin-3-pimeloyl-arginine ester (4), 16β-hydroxy-desacetyl-bufotalin-3-suberoyl-arginine ester (5), bufotalin-3-suberoyl-arginine ester (6), cinobufagin-3-adipoyl-arginine ester (7), cinobufagin-3-pimeloyl-arginine ester (8), cinobufagin-3-suberoyl-arginine ester (9), and cinobufagin (10). Among these, three new natural products, 1, 3, and 5, are described, and compounds 1–10 are reported for the first time in R. alata. The antitrypanosomal activity assessed in this study revealed that the presence of an arginyl-diacid attached to C-3, and a hydroxyl group at C-14 in the structure of bufadienolides that is important for their biological activity. Bufadienolides showed cytotoxic activity against epithelial kidney Vero cells; however, bufagins (2 and 10) displayed low mammalian cytotoxicity. Compounds 2 and 10 showed activity against the cancer cell lines MCF-7, NCI-H460, and SF-268.

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