Pharmacognostical Standardization and Pharmacological Potential of Elaeocarpus ganitrus Leaves as an Antiulcer Agent

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4162-4169
Author(s):  
Mayank Kulshreshtha ◽  
Manjul Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Soluble Extract ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Dose Dependent

Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb, (E. ganitrus) known as Rudraksha belongs to family- Eleocarpaceae. It has a reflecting position in Hinduism and Ayurveda whereas traditionally it has mentioned to cure various health problems like fever, skin diseases, mental problems, wound healing etc. The present study was designed to study the microscopic and macroscopic analysis, physiochemical parameters, quantitative microscopy, phytochemical screening of E. ganitrus leaves as per WHO guidelines and evaluate the antiulcer potential of aqueous extract of E. ganitrus (AEEG) and ethanolic extract of E. ganitrus (EEEG) at the doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg using pylorus ligation induced ulcers model, biochemical parameters. Hepatic, cardiac, hematological parameters have also done to find out the effect of different extracts on other major organs. Microscopic analysis proved the presence of covering trichomes, upper epidermis, lower epidermis, stomata, phloem, xylem etc. Ash value, water soluble ash, acid soluble ash, water soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, loss on drying, swelling index, foaming index found to be 4.3 ± 0.52, 0.2 ± 0.33, 2.0 ± 0.2, 13.7 ± 0.25, 12.5 ± 0.55, 9.8 ± 0.23, 3.6 ± 0.04, more than 100. Different quantitative parameters were found out. Phytochemical analysis of different extracts showed the presence of various primary and secondary metabolite like alkaloids, glycosides, tannin, phenolic compounds etc. Pharmacological potential showed that extracts treated, and sucralfate treated groups showed significantly decreases in ulcer index in all above-mentioned models, biochemical studies clearly showed significant decreases in volume, pH, free acidity, total acidity of gastric content and increases in gastric mucus parameters like protein, total hexoses, hexosamine, fucose, sialic acid and DNA level. The level of antioxidant enzymes like LPO (Lipid peroxidation), SOD (Superoxide dimutase) were decreased and CAT (Catalase) level was increased. Level of PC (Plasma corticosterone) was decreased. Hematological, hepatic, cardiac parameters found to be normal during extracts treatment. Histopathological analysis clearly supports the biochemical studies at various doses and it was found to be effective in dose dependent manner. The obtained scientific data may be helpful to prepare the monograph of the plant and E. ganitrus has antiulcer potential in a dose dependent. Detailed study needed for better exposure of plant.

Activation of Selective Transcription Factors and Cytokines by Water-Soluble Extract from Lentinus lepideus

2003 ◽  
Vol 228 (6) ◽  
pp. 749-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirim Jin ◽  
Hyung Jin Jung ◽  
Jeong June Choi ◽  
Hyang Jeon ◽  
Jin Hwan Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Soluble Extract ◽  
Transient Transfection Assay ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Water Soluble Extract

We isolated a water-soluble extract, PG101, from cultured mycelia of Lentinus lepideus. Treatment of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with PG101 increased levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-12 by 100- to 1000-fold, whereas GM-CSF and IL-18 were activated by an order of magnitude. On the contrary, IFN-γ and IL-4 were not affected. The response to PG101 occurred in a dose- and time-dependent manner. From the human PBMCs treated with PG101, TNF-α was a first cytokine to be activated, detectable at 2 hr post-treatment followed by IL-1β at 6 hr post-treatment. IL-12 and IL-10 were the next to follow. GM-CSF and IL-18 both showed significant increases 24 hr after treatment. When PBMCs were sorted into various cell types, monocyte/macrophages, but not T and B cells, were the major target cell type responsive to PG101. Consistent with this result, the profile of cytokine expression upon PG101 treatment was comparable between PBMCs and a human promonocytic cell line (U937), whereas cell lines of T cell and myeloid origins did not respond to PG101. Data from a transient transfection assay involving specific reporter plasmids indicated that cellular transcription factor such as NF-κB, but not AP-1, was highly activated by PG101. Results from a gel retardation assay and the experiment involving a specific NF-κB inhibitor confirmed the involvement of NF-κB. Despite its significant biological effect on various cytokines, PG101 remained nontoxic in both rats and PBMCs even at a biological concentration approximately 20 times greater. PG101 demonstrates great potential as a therapeutic immune modulator.

scholarly journals TB-4 Antitumor effects of a novel curcumin derivative curcumin monoglucuronide on glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi6-vi6
Author(s):  
Takashi Fujii ◽  
Shun Yamamuro ◽  
Masamichi Takahashi ◽  
Akihide Kondo ◽  
Yoshitaka Narita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Human Gbm ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Abstract The therapeutic outcome of glioblastomas (GBMs) is still very poor. Therefore, invention of novel therapeutic methods against GBM cases is considered urgent. The antitumor effects of naturally-derived compounds are attracting attention recently, and therapeutic efficacy of curcumin, a plant-derived compound previously used for multiple purpose, has been indicated in many cancer systems; however, clinical application of curcumin is considered difficult because of its poor bioavailability (under 1 %). Curcumin monoglucuronide (CMG), a water-soluble prodrug of curcumin recently developed for overcoming this weakness, has been demonstrated excellent antitumor effects for several malignancies in vitro and in vivo; therefore, we investigated the effects of CMG against GBM cells. CMG induced cell death of human GBM cells lines (T98G, U251MG, and U87MG) by dose dependent manner by triggering multiple forms of cell death such as apoptosis and perthanatos. Immunoblotting of CMG-treated GBM cell lysates demonstrated activation of multiple cell death signaling. Furthermore, immunodeficiency mice harboring intracerebral U87MG cell xenografts systemically treated by CMG showed significantly prolonged survival compared with control mice. These results suggest CMG would be a novel therapeutic agent against GBM cases.

scholarly journals Genotoxic and Histopathological Effects of Chlorpyrifos on African Catfish, C. gariepinus and Ameliorative Potentials of Ackee Apple, blighia sapida Seed

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluyinka Iyiolai ◽  
A. A. Adeagbo ◽  
W. S. Weliange ◽  
S. I. Abdulkareem ◽  
Anifowoshe T. Abass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Acute Exposure ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Histopathological Effects ◽  
Positive Controls

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a very toxic pesticide commonly used for controlling agriculturally important pests. The present study investigates DNA damaging effects of CPF on Clarias gariepinus was assessed using genetic assays. Fish were exposed to varying concentrations of CPF (100ppm, 200ppm and 300ppm) at 96 hours (acute exposure). LC50 of the pesticide was found to be 120ppm and one-tenth of the LC50 (12ppm) was taken for the chronic exposure. Distilled water and colchicine were used as negative and positive controls respectively. After 28 days of chronic exposure, fish were fed with inclusion of B. sapida seed (powder) for 14 days. Liver and gills of the fish were removed following 96h exposure, days 7, 14 and 28 of the chronic exposure as well as after the period of amelioration (14 days) for CA assay and histopathological analysis. The results of CA assay showed statistically significant (p ˂ 0.05) increase in CA in a dose-dependent manner for all the exposed groups after acute exposure and time dependent after chronic exposure. Also, this study showed that CPF can potentially induce genotoxic and histopathological changes in fish and other aquatic organisms.

scholarly journals RAPHANUS SATIVUS LINN. A NEW ANTINOCICEPTIVE FOR DIABETIC NEUROPATHY IN RATS DETERMINED BY RANDALL SELITTO APPROACH

2019 ◽  
pp. 529-534
Author(s):  
SAMBIT KUMAR SAHOO ◽  
STHITAPRAGNYA PANDA
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Nerve Degeneration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of Raphanus sativus Linn. using Randall Selitto method. Methods: Streptozotocin, lard, casein, cholesterol, DL-methionine, yeast powder, quercetin, thiobarbituric acid, 2-nitrobenzoic acid (5, 5, Dithiobis), hematoxylin, and hydrogen peroxide were used. A diet rich in fat content was fed to the animals for a period of 2 weeks. After a stabilization period of 2weeks, the treatment period started and continued for a period of 8weeks. The nociceptive parameters were assessed once a week by Randall Selitto method and hot plate test. After treatment, the animals were sacrificed, and antioxidant parameters were assessed using sciatic nerve homogenate and histopathological analysis of sciatic nerve. Results: Treatment R. sativus extract (RSE 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) appreciably declined the levels of blood glucose in a dose-dependent manner, and it was comparable with standard quercetin. A significant increase in pain threshold levels was observed by the treatment RSE in hot plate method after the 4th week compared to diabetic control, and it was consistent until the end of treatment (p<0.01, p<0.001). In Randall Selitto method RSE produced a significant increase in paw withdrawal threshold after the 4th week compared to diabetic control, and it was consistently increased until the end of treatment. RSE (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly restored the levels of antioxidant enzymes and decreased lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent fashion in comparison with the diabetic control group. RSE (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) attenuated the nerve degeneration and axonal swelling along with quercetin. Conclusion: The findings from the current study showed the antinociceptive and antioxidant effect of R. sativus in neuropathic pain in diabetes.

Effect of water-soluble extract from antler of wapiti (Cervus elaphus) on the growth of fibroblasts

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Sunwoo ◽  
T. Nakano ◽  
J. S. Sim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Extract ◽  
Key Words Growth ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Water Soluble Extract ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Stimulation Of

The water-soluble extracts were prepared from the tip sections of antlers of 4-yr-old wapiti stags, and the effect of extract on the growth of bovine skin fibroblasts in culture was examined. The results showed the presence of growth promoting factor(s) in the antler extract. The stimulation of cell growth was found to be dose dependent (P < 0.05). Key words: Growth factor, antler, wapiti, fibroblast

scholarly journals Flucytosine and Amphotericin B Coadministration Induces Dose-Related Renal Injury

Dose-Response ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 155932581770346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Folk ◽  
Cornel Balta ◽  
Hildegard Herman ◽  
Alexandra Ivan ◽  
Oana Maria Boldura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Tgf Β1

Invasive fungal infections remain an important clinical problem, and despite recent approaches, they bring high morbidity and mortality. Combination therapies are the most effective; however, adverse effects need to be considered. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the nephrotoxicity induced by combined therapy of flucytosine (FL) and amphotericin B (AMF) at 3 different doses administered to mice for 14 days: 300 μg/kg AMF+50 mg/kg FL; 600 μg/kg AMF+100 mg/kg FL; 900 μg/kg AMF+150 mg/kg FL. Antifungal coadministration triggered nuclear translocation of NF-κB and upregulated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells subunit p65 (NF-κB p65) messenger RNA mRNA level in dose-dependent manner. The immunopositivity of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 (IL-6), together with IL-6 gene expression, increased both in tubular and glomerular cells. Amphotericin B–flucytosine cotreatment increased significantly the number of terminal deoxy-nucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling positive nuclei. Apoptotic cells in renal tubuli were confirmed by electron microscopy. Histopathological analysis revealed collagen accumulation at the glomerular level. Collagen was also evidenced in the glomeruli at the dose of 900 μg/kg AMF+150mg/kg FL by Masson-Goldner trichrome staining and electron microscopy. Moreover, antifungal cotherapy induced upregulation of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. Inflammation and epithelial tubular apoptosis are associated with TGF-β1 activation and initiation of the early stage of glomerular fibrosis at higher doses, leading to tubule–interstitial fibrosis.

scholarly journals Uses of Elaeis guineensis oil for Stress Management during the Transportation of Catfish Fingerlings: A Dose-Dependent Outcome

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Mengue Ngadena Yolande Sandrine ◽  
Essoh Etouke Adrien ◽  
Tchiedjo Marie Laure ◽  
Sulem Yong Nina Nindum ◽  
Fifen Ngapout Rodrigue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Management ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Ldh Activity ◽  
Dose Dependent

Cameroonian farmers used Elaeis guineensis oil (EGO) named usually palm oil to reduce stress and mortality during the transportation of catfish fingerlings. The present study is aimed to evaluate the uses of EGO for stress management during the transportation of catfish fingerlings. Antioxidant activities of EGO were assessed in vitro. 1500 fingerlings were transported from Douala (Littoral Region, Cameroon) to Yaoundé (Centre Region Cameroon). The transportation was for 7 h 55 min in black tins of 10 L which contain 8 L of water and 100 fingerlings each. The following treatment was administrated: commercial anti-stress, 2, 4, and 6 drops of EGO. Control received no treatment and all groups were triplicated. After 10 fingerlings were sacrificed by decapitation. Total protein, total bilirubin (TB), triglycerides level, and lactate deshydrogenase (LDH) activity were assessed in the liver as well as oxidant stress parameters. Brain and gills were fixed for histopathological analysis. Results showed that transportation of catfish fingerlings induced a significant increase of TB level and LDH activity in the liver. Indeed, it induced cerebellar and gills necrosis. Moreover, EGO exhibits antioxidant activities in vitro against DPPH, ABTS radicals, and possesses a ferric reducing antioxidant power of 6.31 mEAG/g. This observation was confirmed in vivo by the increase in a dose-dependent manner of GSH and nitrites levels in the liver compared to control. However, the administration of 6 drops of EGO increased significantly (p < 0.05) the activity of LDH in the liver compared to control. Thus, high dose induced anaerobic respiration which was confirmed by alveolar necrosis in gills and neurodegeneration although low dose of EGO (2-4 drops) prevented those alterations compared to control. Hence, low doses of Elaeis guineensis oil can prevent liver, cerebellar and gills impairment during artisanal transportation to reduce the effects of stress.

scholarly journals Water-Soluble Extract from Actinidia arguta (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq. and Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, ACTPER, Ameliorates a Dry Skin-Induced Itch in a Mice Model and Promotes Filaggrin Expression by Activating the AhR Signaling in HaCaT Cells

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wonwoo Lee ◽  
Yoonseon Jeong ◽  
Jong-Hyung Park ◽  
Chang Hyung Lee ◽  
Nayoung Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Perilla Frutescens ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hacat Cells ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Dry Skin ◽  
Actinidia Arguta

With a complex etiology involving multiple factors, the condition known as itch is a primary symptom of many skin diseases. Current treatment methods are ineffective for addressing itches caused by dry skin, for example. We developed a botanical extract, ACTPER, made from a mixture of Actinidia arguta and Perilla frutescens, which have traditionally been used to treat itch. The quality of ACTPER as a research agent was controlled in our experiment by cell-based bioassays, as well as by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), using two chemical markers. In the acetone-induced dry skin mice model, the oral administration of ACTPER alleviated dry skin-related skin properties and itching behavior. The RNA and protein expression of the filament aggregating protein (filaggrin) gene, a key factor involved in the regulation of skin barrier function, was significantly increased, as measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence assay. To understand the underlying mechanism(s) at the molecular level, HaCaT cells, a human keratinocyte-derived cell line, were treated with various concentrations of ACTPER. We found that the protein expression of filaggrin was indeed upregulated by ACTPER in a dose dependent manner. Data from experiments involving the reporter plasmid containing the xenobiotic response element (XRE), and the chemical antagonist for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), indicated that the ACTPER-mediated upregulation of filaggrin was controlled through the activation of the AhR signaling pathway. The molecular docking simulation study predicted that ACTPER might contain chemical compounds that bind directly to AhR. Taken together, our results suggest that ACTPER may provide the platform, based upon which a variety of safe and effective therapeutic agents can be developed to treat itch.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Potential of Anti-Inflammatory and Anti Nociceptive Activity of Bioactive Fractions from Leaves of Maytenus emarginata

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Mathew George ◽  
Lincy Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
Cotton Pellet Granuloma ◽  
Dose Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Dose Dependent

The antinociceptive & anti-inflammatory activities of extract were compared to dose of Phenylbutazone. The phytochemical secondary metabolites tested for include alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids and terpenoids. Maytenus emarginata leaves extract demonstrated significant antinociceptive and anti- inflammatory effects in a dose-dependent manner. The extract dose at 200mg/kg bw exhibited the highest antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities & its activities were comparable to those of the respective reference drugs. BFLME (suspended in 1% carboxy methyl cellulose) in doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg caused a dose-dependent inhibition of swelling caused by carrageenin equivalent to 30.2–63.2% protection (P<0.05– P<0.001) and in cotton pellet granuloma, 47.2–45.4% protection (P<0.01-P<0.001) was observed from inflammation. There was a significant increase in analgesiometer force induced pain in rat equivalent to 98.1–146.5% protection (P<0.01-P<0.001) and 7.19–37.8 % (P<0.05–P<0.001) protection against Acetic acid induced writhing. Phytochemical screening of the extract indicated the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids and terpenoids. The present study therefore demonstrated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of bioactive fraction of ethyl acetate extract from leaves of M. emarginata (BFLME), hence providing a basis for further research that may result in pure compounds that can be advanced into drug discovery.

scholarly journals Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigations of Crude Aqueous Extract of Momordica charantia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The search for new therapeutic remedies from natural sources is a continuous process. Momordica charantia under the family Cucurbitaceous is commonly known as tita korola in Bangladesh. Traditionally, it is used to treat many diseases, including diabetes and obesity, infections, cough, respiratory diseases, wounds and skin diseases, ulcer, gout and rheumatism, spasm, and cancer. This study aimed at the evalualtion of toxicity, anti-inflammatory, membrane stabilizing and thrombolytic activity of M. charantia aqueous leaf extract by applying a number of in vitro and ex vivo test systems. For this, toxicity analysis was done in Allium cepa, while anti-inflammatory, and membrane stabilizing and clotlysis capacity were tested by using egg albumin and human erythrocytes, respectively. Additionally, preliminary phytochemical analysis was also done. The results suggest that the crude aqueous crude extract of M. charantia possesses alkaloid, flavonoid, terpinoid, saponins, glycoside, tannins, and reducing sugars. The crude extract exhibited toxicity in A. cepa in a concentration and time-dependent manner. No adaptation capacity of DNA damage was seen during the exposure time (24-72 h). The extract at 0.03 – 0.14% (v/v) significantly (p <0.05, p <0.01, p <0.001) inhibited protein denaturation, membrane lysis and clot lysis capacity in a concentration-dependent manner. Of note, the extract exerted toxic effects at high concentrations, while protective effects against toxic and cytotoxic effects at low concentrations. M. charantia may be one of the potential sources of phytotherapeutic agents for various diseases, including oxidative stress, inflammatory diseases and cancer

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