scholarly journals The beneficial effect of long-term supplementation of vitamin C on renal mitochondrial disturbances in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-282
Author(s):  
Mariem Yusuksawad ◽  
Narongsak Chaiyabutr
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Respiration Control

Abstract Background: Oxidative stress induces renal dysfunction in diabetes, in which renal mitochondrial disturbance was implicated. Vitamin C (VC) supplementation may ameliorate the renal dysfunction in diabetics. However, it is not clear whether VC supplementation is effective for renal mitochondrial disturbances in diabetes. Objective: Investigate whether long-term continuous VC supplementation could ameliorate the renal mitochondrial disturbances in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were used, and diabetes was induced by an injection of STZ. The rats were divided into three groups: control rats (CON), STZ-induced diabetic rats (STZ), and diabetic rats supplemented by vitamin C (STZ-VC). The CON and STZ rats were given tap water, while STZ-VC rats received VC (1 g/L) every day for eight, 24 and 52 weeks. The kidney was isolated and homogenized. Oxygen comsumption (Vo2) was measured in mitochondria homogenate using an oxygen consumption monitor. Based on Vo2 tracings, the respiration control index (RCI) and P/O ratio (= ADP/ O ratio) were measured at week 8, 24 and 52. Results: At week eight, using either glutamate plus malate (for site I) or succinate (for site II) as substrates, both RCI and P/O ratio were not significantly different among three groups. The P/O ratio in STZ and STZ-VC rats increased from eight to 52 weeks after VC supplementation. At week 24, the P/O ratio at site II was normalized in STZ-VC rat. The increased P/O ratio (only site I) and the increased RCI (only site II) of STZ-VC rats were slower than those of STZ rats. Conclusion: Short-term VC supplementation might not influence the renal mitochondrial activity. The long-term VC supplementation could ameliorate the mitochondrial disturbances induced in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Chemopreventive effect of diclofenac on mammary carcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley rats

Biologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Orendáš ◽  
Ivan Ahlers ◽  
Bianka Bojková ◽  
Monika Kassayová ◽  
Peter Kubatka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Mammary Carcinogenesis ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Antiinflammatory Drugs ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Chemopreventive Effect

AbstractChemopreventive effect of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in mammary carcinogenesis was reported in several studies. In this study, the effect of a nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitor diclofenac (DICLO) in the prevention of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU)-induced mammary carcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley female rats was evaluated. NMU was administered to animals intraperitoneally in two doses of 50 mg kg−1 b.w. within postnatal days 42-48. In experiment A (short-term administration), DICLO was administrated intramuscularly (5 mg kg−1 b.w.) every other day, starting 3 days before and for subsequent 25 days after first NMU injection. In experiment B (long-term administration), DICLO was administered in tap water (0.01 mg ml−1) continually, starting 7 days before and for subsequent 22 weeks after first NMU dose. The study was terminated 22 weeks after the first dose of NMU in both experiments. After DICLO treatment, tumor frequency per group was reduced in both variants of drug administration: in experiment A by 38% and in experiment B by 39.5%. Moreover, DICLO decreased tumor incidence by 11.5% and delayed tumor latency by 14 days in experiment B. In our preventive-curative experiments DICLO decreased some parameters of NMU-induced rat mammary carcinogenesis, mainly the tumor frequency.

Regression of white adipose tissue in diabetic rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (4) ◽  
pp. E547-E553 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Geloen ◽  
P. E. Roy ◽  
L. J. Bukowiecki
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Wet Weight

The effects of long-term diabetes (4 wk) on the development of parametrial (PWAT) and retroperitoneal (RWAT) white adipose tissues were studied in young Sprague-Dawley rats (170-200 g) injected with a single dose of streptozotocin (75 mg/kg). Diabetes stopped animal growth and totally abolished the normal increases in the wet weight, total protein content, and cellularity (estimated by DNA content) of PWAT and RWAT. Remarkably, the prolonged lack of insulin induced a progressive decrease of the cellularity of RWAT to levels that were lower than those of the initial controls. It also resulted in a marked reduction of adipocyte size. The tiny adipocytes seen in diabetic animals were characterized by the presence of multilocular triglyceride droplets. In general, the decreases in cell number, cell size, and protein content were more pronounced in RWAT than in PWAT. Quantitative cellular frequency studies revealed that adipocytes, and possibly also endothelial cells, contribute to the decrease in RWAT cellularity. The results demonstrate that 1) diabetes inhibits proliferative activity in adipose tissue, 2) total cell number reduction may occur in adipose depot of young growing rats, 3) this effect is depot dependent, and 4) the turnover of adipocytes and endothelial cells is relatively slow (several weeks).

Upregulation of Na+ transporter abundances in response to chronic thiazide or loop diuretic treatment in rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (1) ◽  
pp. F133-F143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki Young Na ◽  
Yoon Kyu Oh ◽  
Jin Suk Han ◽  
Kwon Wook Joo ◽  
Jung Sang Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Volume Depletion ◽  
Diuretic Treatment ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Collecting Ducts ◽  
Site Of Action

Furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) exert their diuretic actions by binding to apical Na+ transporters, viz., the Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter in the thick ascending limb and the Na+-Cl−cotransporter in the distal convoluted tubule, respectively. We carried out semiquantitative immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry of rat kidneys to investigate whether chronic administration of furosemide or HCTZ is associated with compensatory changes in the abundance of Na+ transporters downstream from the primary site of action. Osmotic minipumps were implanted into Sprague-Dawley rats to deliver furosemide (12 mg/day) or HCTZ (3.75 mg/day) for 7 days. To prevent volume depletion, all animals were offered tap water and a solution containing 0.8% NaCl and 0.1% KCl as drinking fluid. The diuretic/natriuretic response was quantified in response to both agents by using quantitative urine collections. Semiquantitative immunoblotting revealed that the abundances of thick ascending limb Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter and all three subunits of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) were increased by furosemide infusion. HCTZ infusion increased the abundances of thiazide-sensitive Na+-Cl−cotransporter and β-ENaC in the cortex and β- and γ-ENaC in the outer medulla. Consistent with these results, β-ENaC immunohistochemistry showed a remarkable increase in immunoreactivity in the principal cells of collecting ducts with either diuretic treatment. These increases in the abundance of Na+transporters in response to chronic diuretic treatment may account for the generation of diuretic tolerance associated with long-term diuretic use.

scholarly journals Effect of the Combination of Gelam Honey and Ginger on Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Profile in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Sprague-Dawley Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Fathiah Abdul Sani ◽  
Levin Kesu Belani ◽  
Chong Pui Sin ◽  
Siti Nor Amilah Abdul Rahman ◽  
Srijit Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Gelam Honey ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

Diabetic complications occur as a result of increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to long term hyperglycaemia. Honey and ginger have been shown to exhibit antioxidant activity which can scavenge ROS. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of gelam honey, ginger, and their combination. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 major groups which consisted of diabetic and nondiabetic rats. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin intramuscularly (55 mg/kg body weight). Each group was further divided into 4 smaller groups according to the supplements administered: distilled water, honey (2 g/kg body weight), ginger (60 mg/kg body weight), and honey + ginger. Body weight and glucose levels were recorded weekly, while blood from the orbital sinus was obtained after 3 weeks of supplementation for the estimation of metabolic profile: glucose, triglyceride (TG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH): oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and malondialdehyde (MDA). The combination of gelam honey and ginger did not show hypoglycaemic potential; however, the combination treatment reduced significantly (P<0.05) SOD and CAT activities as well as MDA level, while GSH level and GSH/GSSG ratio were significantly elevated (P<0.05) in STZ-induced diabetic rats compared to diabetic control rats.

scholarly journals Unexpected short- and long-term effects of chronic adolescent HU-210 exposure on emotional behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Farinha-Ferreira ◽  
Nádia Rei ◽  
Jo&atildeo Fonseca-Gomes ◽  
Catarina Miranda-Lourenço ◽  
Paula Serr&atildeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Emotional Behavior ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Short And Long Term

Chronic adolescent cannabinoid receptor agonist exposure has been shown to lead to persistent increases in depressive-like behaviors. This has been a key obstacle to the development of cannabinoid-based therapeutics. However, most of the published work has been performed with only three compounds, namely ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol, CP55,940 and WIN55,212-2. Hypothesizing that different compounds may lead to distinct outcomes, we herein used the highly potent CB1R/CB2R full agonist HU-210, and first aimed at replicating cannabinoid-induced long-lasting effects, by exposing adolescent female Sprague-Dawley rats to increasing doses of HU-210, for 11 days and testing them at adulthood, after a 30-day drug washout. Surprisingly, HU-210 did not significantly impact adult anxious- or depressive-like behaviors. We then tested whether chronic adolescent HU-210 treatment resulted in short-term (24h) alterations in depressive-like behavior. Remarkably, HU-210 treatment simultaneously induced marked antidepressant- and prodepressant-like responses, in the modified forced swim (mFST) and sucrose preference tests (SPT), respectively. Hypothesizing that mFST results were a misleading artifact of HU-210-induced behavioral hyperreactivity to stress, we assessed plasmatic noradrenaline and corticosterone levels, under basal conditions and following an acute swim-stress episode. Notably, we found that while HU-210 did not alter basal noradrenaline or corticosterone levels, it greatly augmented the stress-induced increase in both. Our results show that, contrary to previously studied cannabinoid receptor agonists, HU-210 does not induce persisting depressive-like alterations, despite inducing marked short-term increases in stress-induced reactivity. By showing that not all cannabinoid receptor agonists may induce long-term negative effects, these results hold significant relevance for the development of cannabinoid-based therapeutics.

Discordant aspects of aldosterone resistance in potassium depletion

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (6) ◽  
pp. F972-F979 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Mujais ◽  
Y. Chen ◽  
N. A. Nora
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Response ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Pump Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Collecting Tubules ◽  
Low K ◽  
K Depletion

Aldosterone resistance, defined as absent kaliuretic response to exogenous hormone, has been described in K depletion. It is not clear whether the absent kaliuresis is due to activation of K-conserving mechanisms or to failure of activation of the Na-K pump in cortical collecting tubules (CCT) by mineralocorticoids. Adrenalectomized male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to either a normal or low-K diet. Na-K pump activity (pmol.mm-1.h-1) in microdissected CCT and medullary collecting tubules (MCT, inner stripe of the outer medulla) was determined at 7 or 21 days after allocation to the dietary groups before and after exogenous aldosterone (50 micrograms twice daily, for 3 days). K depletion led to progressive hypertrophic changes in the CCT and MCT manifest in an increase in basal Na-K pump activity. In both K repletion and short-term K depletion (7 days), aldosterone led to the expected increase in CCT Na-K pump activity. With long-term K depletion, the CCT Na-K pump response to aldosterone was blunted. In the MCT where under normal conditions the Na-K pump is aldosterone unresponsive, an increasing aberrant responsiveness to the mineralocorticoid was observed with progressive K depletion. We conclude that apparent aldosterone resistance in short-term K depletion is likely due to activation of K-conserving mechanisms with early preservation of the CCT biochemical response to the hormone. With long-term K depletion, a blunted biochemical response to aldosterone may contribute to the absent kaliuretic response. In the MCT, K depletion led to the development of aberrant responsiveness to aldosterone.

scholarly journals Tissue Accumulations of Toxic Aconitum Alkaloids after Short-Term and Long-Term Oral Administrations of Clinically Used Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparations in Rats

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Ji ◽  
Mengbi Yang ◽  
Ka Hang Or ◽  
Wan Sze Yim ◽  
Zhong Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Relevant Dose ◽  
Radix Aconiti ◽  
Toxic Alkaloids

Although Radix Aconiti Lateralis (Fuzi) is an extensively used traditional Chinese medicine with promising therapeutic effects and relatively well-reported toxicities, the related toxic aconitum alkaloid concentrations in major organs after its short-term and long-term intake during clinical practice are still not known. To give a comprehensive understanding of Fuzi-induced toxicities, current study is proposed aiming to investigate the biodistribution of the six toxic alkaloids in Fuzi, namely Aconitine (AC), Hypaconitine (HA), Mesaconitine (MA), Benzoylaconine (BAC), Benzoylhypaconine (BHA) and Benzoylmesaconine (BMA), after its oral administrations at clinically relevant dosing regimen. A ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of six toxic alkaloids in plasma, urine and major organs of Sprague Dawley rats after oral administrations of two commonly used Fuzi preparations, namely Heishunpian and Paofupian, at their clinically relevant dose for single and 15-days. Among the studied toxic alkaloids and organs, BMA demonstrated the highest concentrations in all studied organs with liver containing the highest amount of the studied alkaloids, indicating their potential hepatotoxicity. Moreover, tissue accumulation of toxic alkaloids after multiple dose was observed, suggesting the needs for dose adjustment and more attention to the toxicities induced by chronic use of Fuzi in patients.

scholarly journals Effect of a Short-Term and Long-Term Melatonin Administration on Mammary Carcinogenesis in Female Sprague-Dawley Rats Influenced by Repeated Psychoemotional Stress

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kassayová ◽  
E. Adámeková ◽  
B. Bojková ◽  
P. Kubatka ◽  
I. Ahlers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Carcinogenesis ◽  
Tumour Volume ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Psychoemotional Stress ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Melatonin Administration ◽  
Term Administration

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of melatonin (MEL) on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU)-induced mammary carcinogenesis in female Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to repeated psychoemotional stress - immobilization in boxes. NMU was applied intraperitoneally in two doses each of 50 mg/kg b.w. between 40 - 50 postnatal days. Melatonin was administered in drinking water at a concentration of 4 μg/ml daily from 15:00 h to 8:00 h. The application was initiated 5 days prior to the fi rst NMU dose and lasted 15 days, i.e. during the promotion phase of tumour development, or long-term until the end of the experiment (week 20). Immobilization (2 h per day) began on the third day after the second carcinogen application and lasted for 7 consecutive days. Short-term MEL administration to immobilized animals increased incidence by 22%, decreased tumour frequency per animal by 26% and reduced tumour volume gain (by 21%) when compared to the immobilized group without MEL application. Decreased frequency per animal by 28% and more than a 40% decrease in tumour volume gain and cumulative volume were the most pronounced changes in the animals drinking MEL until the end of the experiment. Long-term MEL administration reduced the number and size of mammary tumours more markedly than its short-term administration. Melatonin decreased certain attributes of mammary carcinogenesis in female rats influenced by psychoemotional stress.

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