LIFE RESISTANCE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF WOMEN RAISING A CHILD WITH HEALTH PROBLEMS

The article establishes the influence of psychoemotional stress on the psychological state of mothers who gave birth to a premature baby, in contrast to women who gave birth to a child with normal birth weight. The hypothesis of the study was that psychoemotional stress, due to premature birth in mothers, may be accompanied by a decrease in their resilience and a decrease in psychological adaptation. The individual psychological characteristics of the personality of women-mothers, the type and direction of emotional response, coping strategies, parental attitudes – indicators of the vitality and sociopsychological adaptation of women-mothers were investigated. As a result of the study, women raising a premature baby showed high emotional sensitivity and self-control, the predominance of self-accusatory reactions in emotional response to frustration, the use of non-adaptive coping strategies, which reduces vitality and reduces socio-psychological adaptation. The revealed psychological patterns can be used as targets of psychological correction in order to restore the psychological health of mothers and prevent deviations in the development of the child.

The role of the psychoemotional stress during gestation in the development of obstetrical and perinatal patology

The complex investigation of the perinatal pathology at acute and c/1,1-onic psyclioemotliional stress dunng gestation has been perf 01 wed. Jt was sliown (by tlie metliod of the retrospective analyses) the inaease in the relat-ive 1-isf of tlie premature delivery (1,4-8,0), severe and mild gestosis (3,0-10,0), placental pathology (2,2-3,3 ), anomalies of delivery (2,0-7,0 ), obstetlical Blending (2,0- 2,8 ), late delivery (2,0-7,0) dunng the acute stress. The relationship between tlie pelinatal patology and gestation term was shown dunng the acute stress. Dm'ing- i-lie clironic stress tlie frequency and seventy of pennatal patliology is dependent upon the type of psyclioemotional reaction on the st-ress. The seventy of patliofog-y is more prominent at decompensated type of psychological reaction t-lian at subcompensated type. Tlie newbom infants of motlias witli psyclioemotional stress recuired long rehabilitation in 39,2-50,0% cases.

THE EFFECT OF COMPLEX TREATMENT WITH THE USE OF DENTAL GEL OF ORIGINAL COMPOSITION ON THE INDICATORS OF PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL AND DENTAL HEALTH OF CADETS OF THE DEPARTMENTAL INSTITUTE

Subject. Dental diseases are a frequent companion of distress, since the negative impact of psychoemotional stress on the immune status of cadets is reflected in changes in the microflora of the oral cavity and periodontal [4, 9]. The aim of the study is to evaluate the results of using the developed gel for the preven-tion and treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases in cadets who are under psychoemotional stress. Methodology. The group of examined persons consisted of 245 people-cadets of 1–4 courses of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. After the dental exami-nation, the cadets were divided into 2 groups: 26 cadets were found to have gingivi-tis/periodontitis of mild severity (group I), and 45 cadets without periodontal lesions (group II) served as a comparison group. The study included psychological testing, clarification of the state of their vegetative reactions and cortisol content in saliva, molecular genetic deter-mination of the composition of the most common periodontal pathogenic bacteria of the dentoalveolar furrow and enzyme immunoassay of the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines in saliva, cell-regulatory and immunosuppressive effects. Results.The application of the gel helps to correct the phenomena of depression, while it affects the frequency of relapses of diseases.The effect of the application on the frequency of detection of periodontal pathogenic bacteria in cadets is manifested in relation to Tanerella forsythia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in the absence of depression, but in the presence of periodontal lesions. When the phenomena of gingivitis/periodontitis of mild se-verity occurred against the background of depression, the effects of using dental gel were in the form of a decrease in the occurrence of these bacteria. There was a significant drop in the oral fluid of IL-12 in the group with depression and periodontal disease, as well as IL-10 in the group without depression, but with mild gingivitis/periodontitis. Conclusions. The developed dental gel is recommended both for the phenomena of de-pression and in cases of mild gingivitis/periodontitis against the background of psychoemotional stress.

THE IMPORTANCE OF CYTOKINES OF ORAL FLUID AND PERIODONTOPATHOGENIC MICROBIOTA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GINGIVITIS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF PSYCHOEMOTIONAL STRESS IN CADETS OF THE DEPARTMENTAL INSTITUTE

Subject. Such a cytokine as transforming factor β (TFRß) deserves special attention in stress-induced gingivitis, since there are observations indicating its ability to stimulate the differentiation of myofibroblasts, which results in an increase in collagen production, the development of fibrous changes in the gum, which ultimately lead to tooth loss. Goal. The aim is to determine the relationship between the development of signs of depression, the frequency of detection of periodontal pathogenic bacteria and the spectrum of cytokines that play a likely role in the pathogenesis of gingivitis in cadets of the departmental institute under conditions of psychoemotional stress. Methodology. Psychological testing, clinical dental and laboratory examinations of 71 cadets of the departmental institute (41 women, 30 men) aged from 18 to 23 years were conducted. The detection of depression was carried out using the A. Beck scale, reactive and personal anxiety — Ch. Spielberger — Y.L. Khanin. To assess the periodontal condition, traditional hygienic and periodontal indices (OHI-s, RNR, PMA) were used. Identification of the marker DNA of periodontal pathogenic bacteria was carried out using a polymerase chain reaction using a test kit "Multident-5" manufactured by NPF GenLab (Russia). The content of cytokines in saliva was determined by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. For the detection of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IFNu, TNFa, sets of NPO "Vector Best" (Russia) were used, for the cytokine TFRß — from Biosource (Canada). Results. It was found that the development of depression and gingivitis is accompanied by changes in the cytokine status, the main pathogenetic significance is IL-1β and TFRß, and the auxiliary is IL-12 and TNFa. At the same time, the cytokines IL-1β and TNFa are associated with the severity of the course of gingivitis. Conclusions. A correlation was established for the cytokines IL-1β, TNFa and TFRß with the first-order periodontopathogenic species A actinomycetemcomitans and T. forsythia.

Reactive changes of gastric mucosa and reduction of desacyl grelin in rat brain due to psychoemotional stress

BACKGROUND: The work is devoted to the analysis of the elements the reactivity of grelin system in the model of psychogenic stress. In recent years, it has been shown that the ghrelin brain system is not limited only to the regulation of energy balance and eating behavior. Along with other peptide regulatory systems, it plays an important role in the mechanisms of stress, reward and addiction. Therefore, the elements of this system should be considered primarily as molecular targets of pharmacological action in order to correct the states of addiction and post-stress disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To produce psychoemotional stress, we used an acute single traumatic situation in male Wistar rats. The animals were placed in the tiger python, one animal died as a result of its nutritional needs, the rest of the rats experienced the death of a partner. One week after exposure to python, the animals were decapitated, and the brain structures were isolated. Aliquots of the brain structures suspensions were examined for the content of desacyl ghrelin (DAG) using a highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In another group, rats were decapitated on the 4th day after exposure to python, stomachs were removed, which were fixed in 10% formalin solution. In horizontal paraffin sections of the gastric mucosa, after staining with hematoxylin and eosin, the heights of superficial and dimple mucous cells, the height of the dimple stroma, the area of superficial, dimple mucocytes and stroma of the dimples, and the number of dead mucocytes were calculated. To clarify the differentiation of epithelial cells, they were stained with alcian blue RESULTS: DAG was detected in all studied brain structures: amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. The highest concentration of DAG was noted in the hypothalamus (p 0.05), which may serve as an indirect confirmation of the data on the presence of ghrelin-containing neurons in the nuclei of the hypothalamus. After exposure to stress, a sharp decrease in the level of DAG was observed in all studied brain structures (812 times, p 0.01): amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. It has been established that the experience of the stress of the death of a partner is expressed by erosive inflammation of the gastric mucosa, the death of many mucous cells, and an increase in mucus production in viable epithelial cells. CONCLUSION: Psychoemotional stress completely suppresses the content of desacyl ghrelin of the brain in rats, which may be based on both a disturbance of the central mechanisms of limbic regulation and a violation of peripheral mechanisms, in particular, reactive changes in the gastric mucosa.

THE ROLE OF PSYCHOEMOTIONAL STRESS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFLAMMATORY POST-PROSTHETIC COMPLICATIONS

Relevance: Before starting the treatment, the patient's medical history should be carefully studied. Special attention should be paid to the presence/absence of diseases of the cardiovascular system, kidney disease, endocrine pathology, and the psychological state of the body. These diseases can directly affect the dental status and worsen the clinical picture. Psychoemotional stress and inflammatory post-prosthetic complications are reciprocal risk factors. Psychophysiological disorders can lead to the development of dental complications in the oral cavity and vice versa, mucositis can cause a stress reaction in a person. This assumption served as the purpose of this study. Materials and methods: During implant treatment, the analysis of the psychophysiological state in patients with inflammatory post-prosthetic complications was carried out according to 3 parameters (the results of the questionnaire, based on heart rate variability and using software), parallel to the assessment of the dental status in 30 patients. Stress and mucositis should be treated simultaneously, with sedation support where necessary. Outcomes: All patients showed a high level of stress. During the dental examinationthe presence of inflammation of the parotid tissue was detectes. Conclusion: Psychoemotional stress can be one of the initiating factors in the development of inflammatory complications during dental implantation. The main task of a dentist is, first of all, to identify the early stages of the development of the disease, and secondly, to provide not only symptomatic, but also pathogenetic treatment, taking into account the factors that facilitate the development of this pathology.

THE STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONALITY SELF-ACTUALIZATIONFEATURES ON THE FORMATION OF CHARACTER ACCENTUATION IN YOUNGPEOPLE

This article discusses the influence of the features of the development of self-actualization of the individual in adolescence and its influence on the development of character accentuations. Adolescence is a difficult period, during which the psychological education necessary for a mature person is formed. Any crisis that a person goes through is associated with severe psychoemotional stress, which can potentially become one of the factors of personality maladaptation in adolescence. Self-actualization is a complex process that is one of the driving forces of personal development. The formation of traits characteristic of a self-actualized personality has a significant impact on the adaptability of young people and can have both positive and negative effects. In the experimental part of the study, correlations were found between certain traits of self-actualization of the individual and the manifestation of character accentuations

Development of a simulation model of a photoplethysmographic signal under psychoemotional stress

A simulation model of a photoplethysmographic signal under psychoemotional stress taking into account the nature of signals of biological origin and stress response stages was developed. The method of constructing the simulation model is based on reconstructing the waveform and coding points of the signal taking into account the stress response curve using harmonic functions at characteristic time intervals. Using the simulation model of the photoplethysmographic signal under psychoemotional stress with previously known parameters allows validation of methods and algorithms for processing such data. It was found that in the process of simulation, it is necessary to take into account the signal frequency, random component and stress response curve. This complicates the simulation algorithm. However, using the simulation model with variable input parameters allows reproducing the signal with an emphasis on stress response stages. One of the features of the proposed model is the ability to reproduce the signal by coding points for amplitude and time intervals using harmonic functions. The relative error for the amplitude variation of the model and experimental data is 3.97 %, and for the period – 3.41 %. Calculation of Student's t-test showed a statistically insignificant difference: p=0.296 for the amplitude and p=0.275 for the period. This indicates that the simulation model takes into account the signal characteristics under stress: frequency, random component and stress response curve. Using the proposed simulation model is an adequate way to assess methods and algorithms for analyzing the state of the cardiovascular system under psychoemotional stress

Facing COVID-19 Between Sensory and Psychoemotional Stress, and Instrumental Deprivation: A Qualitative Study of Unmanageable Critical Incidents With Doctors and Nurses in Two Hospitals in Northern Italy

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic severely strained the already unprepared Italian healthcare system. This had repercussions on healthcare workers, stemming, in particular, from a lack of clear guidelines, adequate protective equipment, and professional preparedness. Such conditions were especially prevalent in Northern Italy.Objectives: This study aimed to examine COVID-19-related professional and psychoemotional stress among nurses and doctors in two hospitals in Northern Italy, along with the worst critical incidents affecting healthcare personnel. A parallel objective was to elicit healthcare professionals' opinions about what changes are needed in the healthcare system's operations, as well as about the relational/emotional skills that are needed to better manage relationships with patients in emergency situations.Participants: Snowball sampling was used to recruit participants and yielded 17 hospital professionals: six nurses (five female and one male) and 11 doctors (seven male and four female). Three of these professionals worked in intensive care and the others in different wards. All had close contact with COVID-19 patients.Methods: The study employed a qualitative research design, using in-depth interviews of ~60 min each that were conducted via Skype video calls. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, then analysed. The qualitative analysis employed mixed methods to identify the most relevant and recursive themes from the interviews.Results: Four fundamental themes emerged from our analysis of the interview texts: (1) disorganisation and psychoemotional stress; (2) urgency and critical incidents; (3) everything surreal; and (4) disruptions in empathetic relationships with patients.Conclusions: Through our analysis of the interview narratives, we found that systematic and in-depth psychological training is needed to prepare professionals for (1) altered relationships with patients in emergencies; (2) use of exceptional medical equipment; (3) elaboration of new bioethical models suitable for disasters and pandemics; and (4) engagement with the themes of death and dying.