Microscopic features and phytochemistry of two Congolese medicinal plants: Aframomum alboviolaceum (Ridley) K. Schum, and Aframomum angustifolium (Sonn.) K. Schum. (Zingiberaceae).

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 043-052
Author(s):  
Clément Liyongo Inkoto ◽  
Koto-Te-Nyiwa Ngbolua ◽  
Adrien Tuwisana Masunda ◽  
Carlos Nkongolo Kabengele ◽  
Jeff Bekomo Iteku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
First Time

The leaves and seeds of Aframomum alboviolaceum and Aframomum angustifolium are specifically used by traditional healers in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) for the treatment of several pathologies. The aim of present study was to determine the microscopic characteristics and phytochemical composition of these species of the genus Aframomum. The microscopic study of these plants revealed the presence of punctate vessels, fiber cluster with calcium oxalate crystals, isolated unicellular hair, fibers, starch grains, spiral vessel fragments, fiber fragments, and indistinct parenchyma fragments. Phytochemical screening revealed several chemical groups such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, terpenes, iridoids, saponins etc. The determination of total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins gave contents ranging from 14.95 ± 0.45 and 63.98 ± 2.04 mgGAE/g, 0.16 ± 0.01 and 10.68 ± 0.32 mgQE/g and between 1.28 ± 0.03 and 28.51 ± 0.56 mg CAE/g respectively. In general, the leaves are richer in secondary metabolites, polyphenols, flavonoids and tannin than the seeds. Both plants also contain iron, magnesium, calcium and sodium. To our knowledge, this is the first time that histological elements have been identified in the leaves and seeds of A. angustifolium.

scholarly journals Comparative pharmakognostical study of roots of Rosa Majalis Herrm. and Rosa Canina L.

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Tetiana Oproshanska ◽  
Olga Khvorost ◽  
Kateryna Skrebtsova ◽  
Konradas Vitkevicius
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Rosa Canina ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Boundary Limits

The aim is to conduct a comparative pharmacognostical study of the series of roots of Rosa (R.) majalis Herrm. and Rosa (R.) canina L. with the establishment of diagnostic features of morphological and anatomical structure and boundary limits of numerical indicators of raw materials. Materials and methods. The fresh and dry raw materials were used to study the macroscopic microscopic features by microscope Delta optical BioLight 300 (Poland). Determination of total polyphenols was performed by spectrophotometry (on a spectrophotometer Optizen POP (Korea)) and HPLC (chromatograph an Agilent 1200 3 D LC System Technologies (USA)). Results. The morphological (nature of the surface (periderm) and fracture) and anatomical (color of cell walls and their cavities; location of the sclerenchyma; the presence of a crystalline coating of the sclerenchyma at the root of R. canina; of various elements of the remains of the tetraarchic conducting bundle in the center of the root) diagnostical features of roots of R. majalis and R. Canina were established. Comparing the numerical values of loss on drying (not more than 10 %), total ash (not more than 5 %), extractable matter (not less than 9 %) and the quantitative content of total polyphenols (not less than 4 %) it was determined that both types of raw materials according to these indicators are almost indistinguishable. Conclusions. Loss on drying, total ash, extractable matter and content of total polyphenols of the root of R. majalis and R. canina do not have significant differences, that is why the root of both plant species can be used as medicinal plant raw materials such as “Rose root”. The obtained data will be used in further research when creating methods of quality control of plant raw materials and phytomedicines

scholarly journals Determination of the Toxicological Risk of Urban Waste from the City of Uvira Dumped into the North-Western Coast in Lake Tanganyika (Democratic Republic of Congo)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 677-693
Author(s):  
Lumami Kapepula Vercus ◽  
Théophile Ndikumana ◽  
Njoyim Estella Buleng Tamungang ◽  
Musibono Dieu-Donné ◽  
Lukusa Mbaya Alain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Tanganyika ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Urban Waste ◽  
The North ◽  
Toxicological Risk ◽  
The City ◽  
North Western

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening, determination of total polyphenols and flavonoids, and evaluation of the antibacterial activity of leaves of Turraea heterophylla Smith (Meliaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Kouadio Kouassi Blaise ◽  
Koffi Muriel Affouet ◽  
Oussou Kouamé Raphael ◽  
Ahoua Angora Rémi Constant ◽  
Kablan Ahmont Landry Claude ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Total Polyphenols

scholarly journals Reptilia, Amphisbaenidae, Monopeltis schoutedeni de Witte, 1933: first record from Gabon, with an updated key to Gabonese worm lizards

Check List ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier S. G. Pauwels ◽  
Jean-Louis Albert ◽  
Georges L. Lenglet
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
First Record ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Reptile Species ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

The amphisbaenian Monopeltis schoutedeni is reported for the first time from Gabon based on a single individual from the extreme southeastern part of the country. The species was formerly known only from the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is the 4th amphisbaenian and the 123rd reptile species recorded from Gabon. An identification key to Gabon amphisbaenians is provided.

Carapa wohllebenii (Meliaceae), a new tree species from montane forests in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, and Burundi

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 511 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
EBERHARD FISCHER ◽  
DOROTHEE KILLMANN ◽  
BURKHARD LEH ◽  
STEVEN B. JANSSENS
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Conservation Assessment ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Length Width ◽  
First Time

Carapa wohllebenii is described as a new tree species from the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, and Burundi. Its affinities to Carapa grandiflora are discussed. It differs in a number of morphological features; the most prominent being the oblanceolate-oblong leaflets with distinctly mucronate apex and a length/width ratio of 3.2–4.7 (vs. oblong ovate leaflets with mucronulate apex and a length/width ratio of 1.9–2.7 in C. grandiflora). A molecular phylogeny of Carapa is presented that clearly indicates the distinct phylogenetic position of both species. Based on the current knowledge, the new species is given a preliminary conservation assessment of LEAST CONCERN (LC). Carapa grandiflora is here for the first time recorded from the Democratic Republic of Congo.

scholarly journals Sexual Slavery as a War Crime: A Reform Proposal

2021 ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Alessandro Storchi
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
International Criminal Law ◽  
Present Formulation ◽  
Sexual Slavery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time

For the first time in the history of international criminal law, the ICC Elements of Crimes included a statutory definition of sexual slavery as a war crime and as a crime against humanity. Such definition is derived from, and in fact almost identical to, the definition of enslavement in the same text. In July 2019, that language for the first time was adopted and applied in the conviction of general Bosco Ntaganda, the first ever conviction for sexual slavery as a war crime and as a crime against humanity at the ICC, as part of the situation in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This note argues for a reform in the language of the crime of sexual slavery as present in the ICC Elements of Crimes. The present formulation of such crime fails to correctly provide an independent standing for sexual slavery: that is, it does not adequately characterize the sexual nature of the crime as opposed to the broader category of enslavement. The note will focus on the drafting history that led to the present language, as well as on the problems arising from the Ntaganda decision. The note highlights the theoretical and practical limits of the present formulation, and it will address the academic critiques the language already received. It will then provide for an alternative wording for the first element of the crime, a wording that is more reflective of the purpose arising from the negotiating history at Rome and that emphasizes the sexual nature of the offense.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document