scholarly journals SOLAR 1.1: DEVELOPMENT OF SOFTWARE FOR SELECTING COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS, INCLUDING THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
P. Laranci ◽  
J. L. Silveira ◽  
W. Q. Lamas
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels ◽  
Subsidy Rate ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Electricity Grids ◽  
The Interest Rate

Photovoltaic energy represents an opportunity to produce electricity in a clean manner. It can be applied in all world places, in particular in the developing countries, where there are places where electricity grids are unreliable or non-existent and is inconvenient to make investments in a grids expansion. In remote locations photovoltaic power supplies often the most economic and cleaner option to produce electric energy. In addition, many developing countries have high radiation levels year round because of their latitude. The software SOLAR 1.1 was developed with purpose of helping the choice of photovoltaic panels available commercially including electric needs calculation for the installation. This new version of program also help to conduce the economic analysis for grid connected or stand alone photovoltaic systems for the choice of convenient values of interest rate and payback period. In this version of the software is possible to select the language among English, Italian and Portuguese. The software choices the panels in its archive that contains more of 250 types of photovoltaic modules made by 35 producers. The selection provides as output three modules, the cheapest for each cell type: monocrystalline, multicrystalline and amorphous. The software archive can be updated adding new item or editing the inserted items. The economic analysis can be operated by SOLAR 1.1 in each of the chosen panels. This analysis gives as output all the values of the costs in the photovoltaic system and the diagrams with the electricity cost and the expected annual saving trend with variation of the amortisation period and for different values of the interest rate and the governmental subsidy rate.

Evaluating Alternative Explanations

2019 ◽  
pp. 208-229
Author(s):  
Jonas B. Bunte
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Humanitarian Emergencies ◽  
Debt Crises ◽  
The Interest Rate

This chapter evaluates alternative explanations for differences in borrowing portfolios across developing countries. The analysis suggests that borrowing portfolios result from the interaction of supply- and demand-side factors, through their relative importance differs across creditors. Loans from private creditors are more heavily shaped by creditors’ preferences, while recipient preferences strongly affect borrowing from public creditors. The analysis finds no evidence that recognizing Taiwan negatively affects the loan volume obtained from China. Recipient governments do not appear to decide among creditors based on the interest rate of loans offered. Borrowing portfolios do not depend on the use to which the loan is put as differences in borrowing portfolios across coalitions remain irrespective of infrastructure needs, humanitarian emergencies, and debt crises. This suggests that recipients do not use particular creditors for specific projects. Lastly, domestic political considerations appear more important in determining governments’ borrowing decisions than their ideological alignment with creditor governments.

scholarly journals An Investigation into the Interest Elasticity of Demand for Money in Developing Countries: A Panel Data Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix S. Nyumuah
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Equatorial Guinea ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Demand For Money ◽  
Elasticity Of Demand ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Interest Rate

The issue as to whether the interest rate influences the demand for money in developing countries is still controversial. The aim of this study is to attempt to resolve this controversy. The study uses panel data from eight African countries to look at the interest elasticity of demand for money in developing countries. The countries used in the study are Angola (ANG), Equatorial Guinea (EQG), Gambia (GMB), Guinea-Bissau (GBS), Kenya (KNY), Mali (MLI), Nigeria (NGR) and Uganda (UGD). Overall, the study finds the interest rate to be inelastic in the short run but elastic in the long run. This finding suggests that monetary policy is ineffective in developing countries in the long run.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Interest Rate and Exchange Rate Volatilities on the Demand for Money in Developing Economies

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Felix S. Nyumuah
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Series Data ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Demand Functions ◽  
The Interest Rate

Volatilities in the interest rate and the exchange rate cause instability in money demand functions. This study investigates the effect of interest and exchange rates volatilities on money demand in developing countries using time series data of four African countries namely, Equatorial Guinea, Gambia, Nigeria and Uganda. The model used is a conventional log linear money demand function, with money demand specified as a function of income, interest rate, inflation rate, exchange rate, interest rate volatility and exchange rate volatility. The results show that on the whole the interest rate and exchange rate volatilities do not have significant effects on money demand in developing countries. However, the money demand functions of these economies prove unstable. These findings imply that the monetary authorities should resort to inflation targeting monetary policy and employ the interest rate as the policy instrument.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of the Forest Promotion, Forest-Saving Program, Installed in the Southern Half of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Guilherme Casassola Bortolotto ◽  
Romano Timofeiczyk Junior ◽  
David Buratto ◽  
Gustavo Silva Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Forest Production ◽  
Southern Half ◽  
The Interest Rate

This study aimed to analyze economically the forest promotion, forest-saving program installed in the southern half of Rio do Grande do Sul State, Brazil, as an income alternative and potential supplier of raw material in the forest production segment. Cost data were calculated for the total of 269 projects per hectare and divided into Inputs and Services. The revenues were derived from the sale of standing timber at the end of the forest production cycle, not including harvesting costs. For economic analysis, criteria from Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Equivalent Annual Value (EAV) were used. The interest rate used was 7.0% per year according to the promotion program. The project presents at seven years a NPV of $542.90 and an IRR of 16.0%, showing to be feasible and attractive. The costs and revenues from the year seven planting were analyzed and with addenda at years 8, 9, and 10, demonstrated that greater project profitability gains are achieved between years 8 and 9 with an increase of $463.18 in relation to year 8. This represents a profitability of 49.0% which had an increase of $229.61 when compared to year 7. The sensitivity analysis demonstrated the inverse relationship trend that exists between the NPV and the interest rate. The project’s return capacity from the seventh year is precisely referenced by the freezing of the debt, which did not accrue an interest rate adjustment, as well as the price per cubic meter of timber, which remains readjusting as zero bases.

The Role of Different Channels in Transmitting Monetary Policy into Output and Price in Vietnam

2015 ◽  
pp. 20-40
Author(s):  
Vinh Nguyen Thi Thuy
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Monetary Transmission ◽  
Impulse Response Functions ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rate Channel

The paper investigates the mechanism of monetary transmission in Vietnam through different channels - namely the interest rate channel, the exchange rate channel, the asset channel and the credit channel for the period January 1995 - October 2009. This study applies VAR analysis to evaluate the monetary transmission mechanisms to output and price level. To compare the relative importance of different channels for transmitting monetary policy, the paper estimates the impulse response functions and variance decompositions of variables. The empirical results show that the changes in money supply have a significant impact on output rather than price in the short run. The impacts of money supply on price and output are stronger through the exchange rate and credit channels, but however, are weaker through the interest rate channel. The impacts of monetary policy on output and inflation may be erroneous through the equity price channel because of the lack of an established and well-functioning stock market.

DETERMINAN INFLASI DI INDONESIA PERIODE 1980-2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Risna Risna
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
State Spending ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Interest Rate

This study aims to determine the effect of government spending, the money supply, the interest rate of Bank Indonesia against inflation.This study uses secondary data. Secondary data were obtained directly from the Central Bureau of Statistics and Bank Indonesia. It can be said that there are factors affecting inflationas government spending, money supply, and interest rates BI. The reseach uses a quantitative approach to methods of e-views in the data. The results of analysis of three variables show that state spending significantand positive impact on inflationin Indonesia, the money supply significantand negative to inflationin Indonesia, BI rate a significantand positive impact on inflation in Indonesia

Insurance Companies and the Interest Rate

1953 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
Shelby Cullom Davis
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
The Interest Rate

Analyzing the financial and economic momentum as a result of changes in the interest rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1656-1673
Author(s):  
V.V. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
The Interest Rate

Subject. The article discusses financial and economic momenta. Objectives. I determine financial and economic momenta as the interest rate changes in Russia. Methods. The study is based on a systems approach and the method of statistical analysis. Results. The Russian economy was found to strongly depend on prices for crude oil and natural gas, thus throwing Russia to the outskirts of the global capitalism, though keeping the status of an energy superpower, which ensures a sustainable growth in the global economy by increasing the external consumption and decreasing the domestic one. The devaluation of the national currency, a drop in tax revenue, etc. result from the decreased interest rate. They all require to increase M2 and the devalued retail loan in RUB, thus rising the GDP deflator. As for positive effects, the Central Bank operates sustainably, replenishes gold reserves and keeps the trade balance (positive balance), thus strengthening its resilience during a global drop in crude oil prices and the COVID-19 pandemic. The positive effects were discovered to result from a decreased in the interest rate, rather than keeping it low all the time. Conclusions and Relevance. As the interest rate may be, the financial and economic momentum in Russia depends on the volatility of the price for crude oil and natural gas. Lowering the interest rate and devaluing the national currency, the Central Bank preserves the resource structure of the Russian economy, strengthens its positions within the global capitalism and keeps its status of an energy superpower, thus reinforcing its resilience against a global drop in oil prices.

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