scholarly journals GENOCIDE: PERSPECTIVES FROM THE SOCIAL SCIENCES

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Anderton

This article surveys risk factors for genocide and genocide prevention from the perspectives of four social science disciplines: sociology, social psychology, politicalcscience, and economics. Each discipline brings a valuable set of concepts and tools to bear in genocide research. More over, fruitful multi- and inter-disciplinary collaboration across the four disciplines (and other fields) is shedding new insights into why genocidehas have been such a recurring tragedy in human affairs and how such atrocities can be prevented.

Author(s):  
Patrick Köllner ◽  
Rudra Sil ◽  
Ariel I. Ahram

Two convictions lie at the heart of this volume. First, area studies scholarship remains indispensable for the social sciences, both as a means to expand our fount of observations and as a source of theoretical ideas. Second, this scholarship risks becoming marginalized without more efforts to demonstrate its broader relevance and utility. Comparative Area Studies (CAS) is one such effort, seeking to balance attention to regional and local contextual attributes with use of the comparative method in search of portable causal links and mechanisms. CAS engages scholarly discourse in relevant area studies communities while employing concepts intelligible to social science disciplines. In practice, CAS encourages a distinctive style of small-N analysis, cross-regional contextualized comparison. As the contributions to this volume show, this approach does not subsume or replace area studies scholarship but creates new pathways to “middle range” theoretical arguments of interest to both area studies and the social sciences.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Ashley Doonan ◽  
Dharma Akmon ◽  
Evan Cosby

Effective data management and data sharing are crucial components of the research lifecycle, yet evidence suggests that many social science graduate programs are not providing training in these areas. The current exploratory study assesses how U.S. masters and doctoral programs in the social sciences include formal, non-formal, and informal training in data management and sharing. We conducted a survey of 150 graduate programs across six social science disciplines, and used a mix of closed and open-ended questions focused on the extent to which programs provide such training and exposure. Results from our survey suggested a deficit of formal training in both data management and data sharing, limited non-formal training, and cursory informal exposure to these topics. Utilizing the results of our survey, we conducted a syllabus analysis to further explore the formal and non-formal content of graduate programs beyond self-report. Our syllabus analysis drew from an expanded seven social science disciplines for a total of 140 programs. The syllabus analysis supported our prior findings that formal and non-formal inclusion of data management and data sharing training is not common practice. Overall, in both the survey and syllabi study we found a lack of both formal and non-formal training on data management and data sharing. Our findings have implications for data repository staff and data service professionals as they consider their methods for encouraging data sharing and prepare for the needs of data depositors. These results can also inform the development and structuring of graduate education in the social sciences, so that researchers are trained early in data management and sharing skills and are able to benefit from making their data available as early in their careers as possible.


Author(s):  
William Outhwaite

The concept of observation has received relatively little systematic attention in the social sciences, with the important exceptions of social psychology, social anthropology and some areas of sociological methodology such as ‘participant observation’. In a broader sense, however, concern with the relation between theory and ‘reality’, ‘data’, ‘empirical research’ and so on, has been a pervasive theme in the philosophy of social science and in the methodological self-reflection of the individual social sciences.


2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Saratiel Weszerai Musvoto

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This study introduces a representational measurement (a theory that establishes measurement in the social sciences) perspective to the accounting concept of measurement. Accounting studies have long sought to establish foundations (theory) of measurement in accounting without success. This is because the accounting concept of measurement is based on the axioms of quantity which ultimately result in the classical theory of measurement and are not suitable for social science disciplines such as accounting, but rather for the natural sciences. The measurement of attributes of social science phenomena does not give rise to a natural concatenation operation, which is pivotal to invoking a theoretical concept of an absolute continuous quantity that forms the basis of the classical theory of measurement. As a result, this study suggests criteria whose development might eventually lead to the construction of representational measurements in accounting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span>


Author(s):  
Amilah binti Awang Abd Rahman

Akhlaq is not only a major dimension of Islam, but also the root of humanity in Islam. However, its relevance to the modern disciplines is yet to be extensively explored. This paper aims at looking into the relevance of akhlaq to the modern life, mainly through the Social Science disciplines. This paper analyzes the meaning of akhlaq with special connotation and expectation from the Qur’anic perspective, and its interpretation from Muslim ethicists. This paper seeks to answer the central problem related to typical perception on religious ethics that hinders its harmonious integration into the realm of human experience. The paper touches the issues on the real nature of Akhlaq and the place of human freedom and objectivity in Akhlaq. The role of Akhlaq in dealing with individual versus societal end is also explored. It is found that Akhlaq acts beyond the typical normative ethics and consistent in its standpoint of human agency with its concepts of motivation and sanction as addressed by the Qur’an. Instead of being abstract and dry, the generic nature of values in Akhlaq is adjustable to different experience, and harmonious to the life needs both at individual as well as societal level of man. Hence, akhlaq opens its door widely to work together with Social Science disciplines which can further enhance a better understanding of humanities in facing the social changes.        Keywords: Akhlaq, Social Sciences, Qur’anic Ethics, Normative, Motivation, Sanction. Abstrak Akhlaq bukan sahaja merupakan satu dimensi Islam yang utama, tetapi juga merupaka akar umbi kepada kemanusiaan dalam Islam. Walau bagaimanapun, hubungannya dengan disiplin-disiplin moden masih belum diteroka dengan mendalam. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tentang hubungkait akhlaq dengan kehidupan moden terutamanya melalui disiplin Sains Kemasyarakatan. Ia menganalisa maksud akhlaq melalui konotasi khusus istilah dalam Bahasa Arab dan apa yang dibayangkan oleh al-Qur’an, berserta pentafsiran daripada ahli ilmu etika. Makalah ini ingin memberikan jawapan kepada permasalahan pokok tentang persepsi tipikal terhadap akhlak agama yang menghalang daripada mempunyai hubungan yang harmoni dengan ruang lingkup pengalaman manusia. Perbincangan menyentuh isu berkenaan sifat sebenar Akhlaq dan kedudukan kebebasan manusia dan ciri-ciri objektiviti Akhlaq. Peranan Akhlaq untuk memenuhi keperluan individu atau masyarakat juga dibincangkan. Dapatan kajian ialah Akhlaq bertindak melampaui persepsi tipikal etika normatif serta ia bergerak seiring dengan peranan manusia yang bertanggung jawab yang lengkap dengan konsep motivasi dan sanksi seperti yang dibawakan oleh al-Qur’an. Nilai-nilai Akhlaq adalah bersifat umum, dan bukannya tidak difahami (abstrak) dan statik, menjadikan ianya boleh dilentur mengikut pengalaman manusia yang berbeza dan harmoni dengan keperluan kehidupan manusia sama ada di peringkat individu mahupun masyarakat. Maka, Akhlaq membuka pintu yang luas kepada kerjasama dengan disiplin Sains Kemasyarakatan yang boleh membantu ke arah pembentukan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang kemanusiaan ketika menghadapi segala perubahan dalam masyarakat.    Kata Kunci: Akhlaq, Sains Kemasyarakatan, Etika al-Qur’an, Normatif, Motivasi, Sanksi


Author(s):  
Thomas F. Pettigrew

The discipline of psychology has an extremely broad range—from the life sciences to the social sciences, from neuroscience to social psychology. These distinctly different components have varying histories of their own. Social psychology is psychology’s social science wing. The major social sciences—anthropology, economics, sociology, and political science—all had their origins in the 19th century or even earlier. But social psychology is much younger; it developed both in Europe and North America in the 20th century. The field’s enormous growth over the past century began modestly with a few scant locations, several textbooks, and a single journal in the 1920s. Today’s social psychologists would barely recognize their discipline in the years prior to World War II. But trends forming in the 1920s and 1930s would become important years later. With steady growth, especially starting in the 1960s, the discipline gained thousands of new doctorates and multiple journals scattered throughout the world. Social psychology has become a recognized, influential, and often-cited social science. It is the basis, for example, of behavioral economics as well as such key theories as authoritarianism in political science. Central to this extraordinary expansion were the principal events of mid-20th century. World War II, the growth of universities and the social sciences in general, rising prosperity, statistical advances, and other global changes set the stage for the discipline’s rapid development. Together with this growth, social psychology has expanded its topics in both the affective and cognitive domains. Indeed, new theories are so numerous that theoretical integration has become a prime need for the discipline.


2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristoffer Kropp

The social science disciplines are strongly differentiated both on an epistemological level and in problem choice. It can be argued that they are characterized by a number of different epistemological ways of position-taking or ways of legitimizing social scientific knowledge production. Furthermore, different scientific problems and social institutions are allocated as research objects to different social science disciplines. This article looks into how these different epistemological styles and choice of scientific problems not only are internal principles of differentiation but also constitute important relations to other powerful social interests and institutions in the field of power. I argue that we can understand the social sciences as a field of force and struggle, where different disciplines compete in producing legitimate representations of the social that also represent specific societal interests. Using the language of Bourdieu, I construct a space of social scientific epistemological position-taking using Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA). Into this space I project a number of supplementary variables representing social science disciplines, position-taking towards non-academic institutions, interests and research subjects, and thus show how different epistemological position-taking is connected to specific societal interests, problems and institutions. The article draws on data from a survey conducted among Danish social scientists in autumn 2009.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Logan ◽  
Jenaya Webb ◽  
Nalini Singh ◽  
Ben Walsh ◽  
Nailisa Tanner ◽  
...  

Scoping reviews are a methods-focused type of literature review, which have become an attractive review type in social science disciplines. Scoping reviews allow researchers to address exploratory research questions and synthesize findings from a variety of study types including both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Although research shows steady growth in the number of scoping reviews being published each year, there are gaps in our understanding of the basic patterns and practices used in scoping reviews in the social science disciplines, in particular. The objective of this scoping review is to explore the disciplinary spread of scoping reviews in the social sciences, the search practices used in these reviews, and the participation of LIS professionals in this type of knowledge synthesis work.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Merton S. Krause

Believing one or persons like one are being, were, or will be measured on some social or psychological dimension and by whom may influence how one participates in being measured or otherwise lives one’s life in ways that affect one’s such measurements and their generalizability. Believing that one knows one’s own or certain others such measurements also may. Therefore the social sciences need to detect, avoid, and overcome these problems of reactivity to their measuring and measurements if they are to obtain valid measurements and generalizations from these. This requires the cooperation of the measured and so an understanding of the social psychology of measuring on such dimensions, of how persons participate in being measured on such dimensions and react to being informed about their own or some others measurements on these dimensions. These are matters that physical science measurement theory has no reason to be concerned with, is not, and so cannot properly provide a model for measurement of persons on social science dimensions.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-80
Author(s):  
Sari Hanafi

This study investigates the preachers and their Friday sermons in Lebanon, raising the following questions: What are the profiles of preachers in Lebanon and their academic qualifications? What are the topics evoked in their sermons? In instances where they diagnosis and analyze the political and the social, what kind of arguments are used to persuade their audiences? What kind of contact do they have with the social sciences? It draws on forty-two semi-structured interviews with preachers and content analysis of 210 preachers’ Friday sermons, all conducted between 2012 and 2015 among Sunni and Shia mosques. Drawing from Max Weber’s typology, the analysis of Friday sermons shows that most of the preachers represent both the saint and the traditional, but rarely the scholar. While they are dealing extensively with political and social phenomena, rarely do they have knowledge of social science


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