Comparative Area Studies

Author(s):  
Patrick Köllner ◽  
Rudra Sil ◽  
Ariel I. Ahram

Two convictions lie at the heart of this volume. First, area studies scholarship remains indispensable for the social sciences, both as a means to expand our fount of observations and as a source of theoretical ideas. Second, this scholarship risks becoming marginalized without more efforts to demonstrate its broader relevance and utility. Comparative Area Studies (CAS) is one such effort, seeking to balance attention to regional and local contextual attributes with use of the comparative method in search of portable causal links and mechanisms. CAS engages scholarly discourse in relevant area studies communities while employing concepts intelligible to social science disciplines. In practice, CAS encourages a distinctive style of small-N analysis, cross-regional contextualized comparison. As the contributions to this volume show, this approach does not subsume or replace area studies scholarship but creates new pathways to “middle range” theoretical arguments of interest to both area studies and the social sciences.

1957 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert F. Hoselitz

When John Stuart Mill composed his System of Logic, he maintained that valid application of the comparative method to problems in the moral or social sciences is impossible, or, at best, inadmissible, since it must be based on a priori judgments. Mill founded his objection to the use of this method in social science on two essentially interrelated propositions: the uniqueness of each social event, and the multiplicity and variety of causal factors which may be considered as having a determining influence on these events. Although this conception of the special nature of social events has, on the whole, remained unchanged, social scientists have freely applied the comparative method to the analysis of social problems. History has been outstanding among the social sciences in rejecting longest the application of this method. The main argument against its use was derived from the description of history formulated by Ranke and his school, a description which was endowed with a philosophical underpinning by Windelband and Rickert, who classified sciences according to method into a nomothetic and an ideographic group. History was the ideographic science par excellence, and with the strong historical emphasis that was placed in Germany upon other social sciences as well, there was a tendency to return to the viewpoint of Mill and to regard as scientifically suspect generalizations in social science based on the application of the comparative method.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Ashley Doonan ◽  
Dharma Akmon ◽  
Evan Cosby

Effective data management and data sharing are crucial components of the research lifecycle, yet evidence suggests that many social science graduate programs are not providing training in these areas. The current exploratory study assesses how U.S. masters and doctoral programs in the social sciences include formal, non-formal, and informal training in data management and sharing. We conducted a survey of 150 graduate programs across six social science disciplines, and used a mix of closed and open-ended questions focused on the extent to which programs provide such training and exposure. Results from our survey suggested a deficit of formal training in both data management and data sharing, limited non-formal training, and cursory informal exposure to these topics. Utilizing the results of our survey, we conducted a syllabus analysis to further explore the formal and non-formal content of graduate programs beyond self-report. Our syllabus analysis drew from an expanded seven social science disciplines for a total of 140 programs. The syllabus analysis supported our prior findings that formal and non-formal inclusion of data management and data sharing training is not common practice. Overall, in both the survey and syllabi study we found a lack of both formal and non-formal training on data management and data sharing. Our findings have implications for data repository staff and data service professionals as they consider their methods for encouraging data sharing and prepare for the needs of data depositors. These results can also inform the development and structuring of graduate education in the social sciences, so that researchers are trained early in data management and sharing skills and are able to benefit from making their data available as early in their careers as possible.


2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Saratiel Weszerai Musvoto

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This study introduces a representational measurement (a theory that establishes measurement in the social sciences) perspective to the accounting concept of measurement. Accounting studies have long sought to establish foundations (theory) of measurement in accounting without success. This is because the accounting concept of measurement is based on the axioms of quantity which ultimately result in the classical theory of measurement and are not suitable for social science disciplines such as accounting, but rather for the natural sciences. The measurement of attributes of social science phenomena does not give rise to a natural concatenation operation, which is pivotal to invoking a theoretical concept of an absolute continuous quantity that forms the basis of the classical theory of measurement. As a result, this study suggests criteria whose development might eventually lead to the construction of representational measurements in accounting.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span>


Author(s):  
Amilah binti Awang Abd Rahman

Akhlaq is not only a major dimension of Islam, but also the root of humanity in Islam. However, its relevance to the modern disciplines is yet to be extensively explored. This paper aims at looking into the relevance of akhlaq to the modern life, mainly through the Social Science disciplines. This paper analyzes the meaning of akhlaq with special connotation and expectation from the Qur’anic perspective, and its interpretation from Muslim ethicists. This paper seeks to answer the central problem related to typical perception on religious ethics that hinders its harmonious integration into the realm of human experience. The paper touches the issues on the real nature of Akhlaq and the place of human freedom and objectivity in Akhlaq. The role of Akhlaq in dealing with individual versus societal end is also explored. It is found that Akhlaq acts beyond the typical normative ethics and consistent in its standpoint of human agency with its concepts of motivation and sanction as addressed by the Qur’an. Instead of being abstract and dry, the generic nature of values in Akhlaq is adjustable to different experience, and harmonious to the life needs both at individual as well as societal level of man. Hence, akhlaq opens its door widely to work together with Social Science disciplines which can further enhance a better understanding of humanities in facing the social changes.        Keywords: Akhlaq, Social Sciences, Qur’anic Ethics, Normative, Motivation, Sanction. Abstrak Akhlaq bukan sahaja merupakan satu dimensi Islam yang utama, tetapi juga merupaka akar umbi kepada kemanusiaan dalam Islam. Walau bagaimanapun, hubungannya dengan disiplin-disiplin moden masih belum diteroka dengan mendalam. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tentang hubungkait akhlaq dengan kehidupan moden terutamanya melalui disiplin Sains Kemasyarakatan. Ia menganalisa maksud akhlaq melalui konotasi khusus istilah dalam Bahasa Arab dan apa yang dibayangkan oleh al-Qur’an, berserta pentafsiran daripada ahli ilmu etika. Makalah ini ingin memberikan jawapan kepada permasalahan pokok tentang persepsi tipikal terhadap akhlak agama yang menghalang daripada mempunyai hubungan yang harmoni dengan ruang lingkup pengalaman manusia. Perbincangan menyentuh isu berkenaan sifat sebenar Akhlaq dan kedudukan kebebasan manusia dan ciri-ciri objektiviti Akhlaq. Peranan Akhlaq untuk memenuhi keperluan individu atau masyarakat juga dibincangkan. Dapatan kajian ialah Akhlaq bertindak melampaui persepsi tipikal etika normatif serta ia bergerak seiring dengan peranan manusia yang bertanggung jawab yang lengkap dengan konsep motivasi dan sanksi seperti yang dibawakan oleh al-Qur’an. Nilai-nilai Akhlaq adalah bersifat umum, dan bukannya tidak difahami (abstrak) dan statik, menjadikan ianya boleh dilentur mengikut pengalaman manusia yang berbeza dan harmoni dengan keperluan kehidupan manusia sama ada di peringkat individu mahupun masyarakat. Maka, Akhlaq membuka pintu yang luas kepada kerjasama dengan disiplin Sains Kemasyarakatan yang boleh membantu ke arah pembentukan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang kemanusiaan ketika menghadapi segala perubahan dalam masyarakat.    Kata Kunci: Akhlaq, Sains Kemasyarakatan, Etika al-Qur’an, Normatif, Motivasi, Sanksi


2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristoffer Kropp

The social science disciplines are strongly differentiated both on an epistemological level and in problem choice. It can be argued that they are characterized by a number of different epistemological ways of position-taking or ways of legitimizing social scientific knowledge production. Furthermore, different scientific problems and social institutions are allocated as research objects to different social science disciplines. This article looks into how these different epistemological styles and choice of scientific problems not only are internal principles of differentiation but also constitute important relations to other powerful social interests and institutions in the field of power. I argue that we can understand the social sciences as a field of force and struggle, where different disciplines compete in producing legitimate representations of the social that also represent specific societal interests. Using the language of Bourdieu, I construct a space of social scientific epistemological position-taking using Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA). Into this space I project a number of supplementary variables representing social science disciplines, position-taking towards non-academic institutions, interests and research subjects, and thus show how different epistemological position-taking is connected to specific societal interests, problems and institutions. The article draws on data from a survey conducted among Danish social scientists in autumn 2009.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Logan ◽  
Jenaya Webb ◽  
Nalini Singh ◽  
Ben Walsh ◽  
Nailisa Tanner ◽  
...  

Scoping reviews are a methods-focused type of literature review, which have become an attractive review type in social science disciplines. Scoping reviews allow researchers to address exploratory research questions and synthesize findings from a variety of study types including both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Although research shows steady growth in the number of scoping reviews being published each year, there are gaps in our understanding of the basic patterns and practices used in scoping reviews in the social science disciplines, in particular. The objective of this scoping review is to explore the disciplinary spread of scoping reviews in the social sciences, the search practices used in these reviews, and the participation of LIS professionals in this type of knowledge synthesis work.


2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Anderton

This article surveys risk factors for genocide and genocide prevention from the perspectives of four social science disciplines: sociology, social psychology, politicalcscience, and economics. Each discipline brings a valuable set of concepts and tools to bear in genocide research. More over, fruitful multi- and inter-disciplinary collaboration across the four disciplines (and other fields) is shedding new insights into why genocidehas have been such a recurring tragedy in human affairs and how such atrocities can be prevented.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-80
Author(s):  
Sari Hanafi

This study investigates the preachers and their Friday sermons in Lebanon, raising the following questions: What are the profiles of preachers in Lebanon and their academic qualifications? What are the topics evoked in their sermons? In instances where they diagnosis and analyze the political and the social, what kind of arguments are used to persuade their audiences? What kind of contact do they have with the social sciences? It draws on forty-two semi-structured interviews with preachers and content analysis of 210 preachers’ Friday sermons, all conducted between 2012 and 2015 among Sunni and Shia mosques. Drawing from Max Weber’s typology, the analysis of Friday sermons shows that most of the preachers represent both the saint and the traditional, but rarely the scholar. While they are dealing extensively with political and social phenomena, rarely do they have knowledge of social science


2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Robert Segal

The social sciences do threaten theology/religious studies even when they do not challenge either the reality of God or the reality of belief in the reality of God. The entries in RPP ignore this threat in the name of some wished-for harmony. The entries neither recognize nor refute the challenge of social science to theology/religious studies. They do, then, stand antithetically both to those whom I call "religionists" and to many theologians, for whom there is nothing but a challenge.


Author(s):  
Muhammad Yunis

Pasambahan a Minangkabau society how to speak, the speech full of philosophy which delivery indirectly. This turned out to be complicated understood by some people who did not understand the pasambahan. In the present study, the authors sought to express the values of the philosophy contained in pasambahan as how to speak the traditional Minang community. As time goes, these traditions are disappearing from everyday society, for it needs a way to preserve it back. Pariaman is one area that has always practiced this tradition. In this study, the authors attempted to peel pasambahan text in a manner which according to the author deconstruction approach is one approach that is very controversial in the social sciences today. The process of data analysis by using some theories of social science (eclectic). Among the pragmatic theory and semiotics. The method used in the form of qualitative observation, the authors go directly spaciousness and interact with competent informants. From the discussion, the authors found ten diplomatic elementscontained in tradition and pasamabahan text. These elements in them, '' opener, apology, positioning/element of certainty, stringsattached, request (permission), receipt, delivery destination, contracts/agreements/agreements, offers, and resolver ''.


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