scholarly journals Case finding of dry eye disease in Norwegian optometric practice: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ann Elisabeth Ystenæs ◽  
Ingeborg Sand ◽  
Vibeke Sundling
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Contact Lens ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eye Symptoms ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Breakup Time ◽  
Dry Eye Symptoms

Optometrists are primary eye care providers, and it is essential that they efficiently identify patients who will benefit from dry eye management. The aim of the study was to explore case finding of dry eye disease (DED) in optometric practice. A cross-sectional study examining dry eye symptoms and signs in 186 patients (18–70 years of age) attending a routine eye examination, with DED defined according to the criteria of the Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society Dry Eye Workshop II. Standard statistical tests were used, and clinical diagnostics were explored using sensitivity, specificity, and receiveroperating curve (ROC) statistics. Fifty-six patients were contact lens wearers, and they were significantly younger than the non-contact lens wearers (mean age 35 (SD = 1) versus 48 (± 2) years). The mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the better eye was 1.0 (± 0.1) (decimal acuity). There was no difference in BCVA between contact lens wearers and non-contact lens wearers. The mean Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score was 22 (± 19), and 138 patients had at least one positive homeostasis marker. Eighty-six had DED, 52 had signs without symptoms, and 23 had symptoms without signs of DED. The sensitivity and specificity of OSDI in detecting any positive homeostasis marker were 62% and 54%, respectively. In all, 106 patients had meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), of which 49 were asymptomatic. In a ROC analysis, an OSDI ≥ 13 showed a diagnostic ability to differentiate between patients with a fluorescein breakup time (FBUT) < 10 seconds and a fluorescein breakup time ≥ 10 seconds, but not between patients with and without staining or MGD. The majority of patients had dry eye signs and/or dry eye symptoms. Routine assessment of FBUT and meibomian glands may enable case finding of DED in optometric practice.

scholarly journals Total Tear IgE Levels Correlate with Allergenic and Irritating Environmental Exposures in Individuals with Dry Eye

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dermer ◽  
Theotoka ◽  
Lee ◽  
Chhadva ◽  
Hackam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Environmental Exposures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Us ◽  
Eye Symptoms ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Dry Eye Symptoms

Dry eye (DE) and allergic conjunctivitis may present similarly, and it remains unclear whether some individuals have an underlying allergic component to their DE. To better understand this relationship, we performed a cross-sectional study in 75 individuals with DE symptoms and/or signs. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in tear samples were quantified and home environmental exposures assessed via standardized survey. Tears were collected by Schirmer strip, and total tear IgE levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear and logistic regressions. The main outcome measures were total tear IgE levels and their association with environmental exposures. The mean age of the subjects was 66.2 ± 7.8 years. Sixty-two individuals had dry eye symptoms (Dry Eye Questionnaire-5 ≥ 6), and 75 had one or more signs of DE. Detectable total tear IgE levels were observed in 76% of subjects, and 17.3% had high levels (>1 ng/mL). Individuals with exposure to pet(s) (odds ratio (OR) 11.5, p = 0.002) and smoke (OR 38.6, p = 0.008) at home were more likely to have high IgE levels compared to those not exposed. Individuals with tears collected during spring or summer were 3.9 times (p = 0.028) more likely to have high IgE compared to those sampled at other times of year. Subjects born in the US were 3.45 times (p = 0.010) more likely to have high IgE compared to individuals born outside the US. To conclude, a majority of individuals with DE symptoms and/or signs had detectable IgE levels in their tears. High tear IgE levels were correlated with allergy season and exposures in the home linked with allergy.

scholarly journals Provocation of Dry Eye Disease during COVID-19 Lockdown

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nutnicha Neti ◽  
Pinnita Prabhasawat ◽  
Chareenun Chirapapaisan ◽  
Panotsom Ngowyutagon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Mental Health Status ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Symptoms ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dry Eye Symptoms

Abstract To assess the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on dry-eye symptoms in a community-based population, a cross-sectional study was conducted during the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak in Thailand. An online survey was distributed via social media between June and July 2020. The questionnaire elicited information on demographics, dry-eye symptoms, viewing habits, and mental health status. There were 535 respondents. Thirty-seven percent reported having been diagnosed with dry-eye disease (DED). During the lockdown, the mean dry-eye symptom score (DESS) of overall participants dropped significantly from 81.6±15.9 to 79.8±17.4 (P<0.001). The mean, daily, visual display terminal (VDT) usage increased from 10.55±5.16 hours to 13.08±5.65 hours (P<0.001). A negative correlation between age and VDT usage was observed in both the normal and lockdown situations. One-quarter of all participants had an abnormal mental health status. The female gender (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.14–3.04) and increased VDT usage during the lockdown (OR 5.68; 95% CI 3.49–9.23) were independently associated with worsening dry-eye symptoms. The lockdown measures abruptly altered the behaviors and lifestyles of the overall population. Excessive exposure to VDTs were associated with deteriorated dry-eye symptoms, and it possibly contributed to the increased DED incidence in the general population.

scholarly journals Prevalence and pattern of dry eye symptoms among “okada” riders in Southwest Nigeria using the ocular surface disease index: A cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
AdetunjiOlusesan Adenekan ◽  
OlubankeTheodora Ilo ◽  
AdegboyegaSunday Alabi ◽  
OlufisayoTemitayo Aribaba ◽  
FolasadeBolanle Akinsola
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Eye Symptoms ◽  
Dry Eye Symptoms

scholarly journals Provocation of dry eye disease symptoms during COVID-19 lockdown

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nutnicha Neti ◽  
Pinnita Prabhasawat ◽  
Chareenun Chirapapaisan ◽  
Panotsom Ngowyutagon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Mental Health Status ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Symptoms ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dry Eye Symptoms

AbstractTo assess the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on dry-eye symptoms in a community-based population, a cross-sectional study was conducted during the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak in Thailand. An online survey was distributed via social media between June and July 2020. The questionnaire elicited information on demographics, dry-eye symptoms, use of visual display terminals, and mental health status. There were 535 respondents. Thirty-seven percent reported having been diagnosed with dry-eye disease (DED). During the lockdown, the mean dry-eye symptom score (DESS) of overall participants dropped significantly from 81.6 ± 15.9 to 79.8 ± 17.4 (P < 0.001). The mean, daily, visual display terminal (VDT) usage increased from 10.55 ± 5.16 to 13.08 ± 5.65 h (P < 0.001). A negative correlation between age and VDT usage was observed in both the normal and lockdown situations. One-quarter of all participants had an abnormal mental health status. The female gender (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.14–3.04) and increased VDT usage during the lockdown (OR 5.68; 95% CI 3.49–9.23) were independently associated with worsening dry-eye symptoms. The lockdown measures abruptly altered the behaviors and lifestyles of the overall population. Excessive exposure to VDTs were associated with deteriorated dry-eye symptoms, and it possibly contributed to the increased DED incidence in the surveyed population.

Assessment Of Dry Eye Symptoms And Quality Of Sleep In Engineering Students During The Covid-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1202-1207
Author(s):  
Pavithra S ◽  
Dheepak Sundar M
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eye Symptoms ◽  
Dry Eye Symptoms

To assess dry eye symptoms (DES) and quality of sleep in engineering students during the Covid19 pandemic lockdown and also to assess the association between DES and sleep quality. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out among 396 engineering students studying in Saveetha engineering college. The study tool used was a semi-structured google form questionnaire designed for assessing digital device usage, symptoms of dry eye disease and sleep pattern. Responses were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Overall 64.1% attained a score of more than 10, indicating the presence of DES. 70.2% of the study population used digital screens for more than 13 hours. A statistically significant association was found between increased screen time and presence of DES(p<0.05). 64.9% had a score of >18 indicating reduced sleep quality. About 77.1% of the students with DES had reduced sleep quality, and a significant association (p<0.01) was observed between the two. During the Covid19 pandemic lockdown, there appears to be rising prevalence of DES in student population, one of the reasons being increased screen time. The sleep quality was also found to be reduced, and a significant association was found between DES and sleep quality.

scholarly journals Shift Work and Dry Eye Disease in the Korean Working Population: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5492
Author(s):  
Joonho Ahn ◽  
So-Jung Ryu ◽  
Jihun Song ◽  
Hyoung-Ryoul Kim
Keyword(s):  
Shift Work ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Chi Square Test

This study aimed to evaluate the association between shift work and dry eye disease (DED) in the general population. The 2011 Korea Health Panel (KHP) was used. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess the relationship between shift work and DED. Stratification analysis was conducted by sex and age. Overall, the odds ratio (OR) of DED according to shift work did not showed significant results (adjusted OR = 1.230, 95% CI 0.758–1.901). When findings were stratified based on age older or younger than 40 years, the OR of DED increased to 2.85 (95% CI: 1.25–5.90) in shift workers under 40 years of age. Our results show an association between shift work and DED in a group of younger subjects.

scholarly journals A Survey on How Ocular Surface Demodex Infestation Interactively Associates with Diabetes Mellitus and Dry Eye Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Huang ◽  
Shuze Chen ◽  
Sheng Fu ◽  
Yingli Li ◽  
Zhenhao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
General Information ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demodex Infestation

Abstract Purpose Prevention of ocular surface (OS) Demodex infestation plays an important role in OS hygiene and variety of factors may be associated with it, in which diabetes mellitus (DM) or dry eye disease (DED) has caught the attention of most scholars. However, there has been no research on whether there was a potential interaction between DM and DED in the process of OS Demodex infestation. This cross-sectional study was implemented in Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University. Methods Ophthalmologic interviews, questionnaires, and examinations were conducted. Factors including general information, DM status, dry eye condition, etc. were collected to study the correlation of DM and DED on OS Demodex infestation. Results After statistical analysis, we found that both DM (P < 0.001) and DED (P = 0.013 < 0.05) are closely associated with OS Demodex infestation. Compared with DED, DM has higher priority association with OS Demodex infestation, and patients with both diseases have a significant higher risk of OS Demodex infestation (R = 0.197, P < 0.001). Meanwhile, age (R = 0.299, P < 0.001) and hypertension (P < 0.05) were also correlated with OS Demodex infestation. Conclusion This study provides a new evidence-based basis for clinical prevention and management of OS Demodex infestation.

scholarly journals A comparative assessment of dry eye disease among outdoor street sweepers and indoor office cleaners

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chigozie I. Echieh ◽  
Bassey A. Etim ◽  
Chidiebere Peter Echieh ◽  
Taiwo Oyeniyi ◽  
Jeff Ajewole
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Simultaneous Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Schirmer’S Test ◽  
Multi Stage

Abstract Background Occupational predisposition to dry eye disease is known. Simultaneous exposure to multiple factors may pose more risk. Street sweepers are exposed to sunlight in addition to dust which all sweepers are exposed to. Tropical climate predisposes to significant exposure to sunlight. Combined exposure to dust and sunlight may lead to a synergy of factors. This study aims to assess the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) amongst Street sweepers and Office cleaners in Calabar metropolis. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among street sweepers and office cleaners. A systematic random sampling and multi-stage sampling method were used to select street sweepers (n = 115) and office cleaners (n = 115) respectively for the study. A pretested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information after which the respondents had an ophthalmic examination. An assessment of DED was done with Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, Schirmer’s test, and tear break up time (TBUT). OSDI scores of 33 and above; Schirmer’s test readings of < 10 mm wetting in 5 min and a TBUT of less than 10s in either eye were considered as positive dry eye disease. Results The majority of respondents were females 215(93.5%) compared to males 15 (6.5%). The overall mean age of respondents was 40.96 ± 9.8 years. The average OSDI score, Schirmer’s test as well as TBUT among participants was 26.4 ± 16.0, 16.44 ± 9.52 mm, and 12.38 ± 4.53 s respectively. The prevalence of DED among Street sweepers was 35.7% compared to 20% among office cleaners using the OSDI questionnaire (p = 0.352). The prevalence of DED among street sweepers was 32.2% compared to 30.4% among Office cleaners using the Schirmer’s test. (p = 0.73) The TBUT reported a prevalence of 38.3% of DED among Street sweepers compared to 32.2% in office cleaners. (p = 0.48) Overall; the prevalence of dry eye disease among Street sweepers and office cleaners using OSDI score, Schirmers test, as well as TBUT were not statistically significant (> 0.05) Street Sweepers had higher odds of developing dry eye disease compared to office cleaners (OR = 2.085; C.I. =1.106–3.929; p = 0.02). Negative correlation coefficient was observed between TBUT and OSDI (rs = − 0.102; p = 0.125). This was not statistically significant. Conclusion Street sweepers had a higher prevalence of dry eye disease compared to office cleaners due to a higher risk of increased exposure to environmental factors such as dust, smoke, and sunlight. This effect is possibly due to a synergy of factors. Studies on dose-response are warranted.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Test Efficacy of Meibomian Gland Morphology and Function

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxin Xiao ◽  
Muhammed Yasin Adil ◽  
Jonatan Olafsson ◽  
Xiangjun Chen ◽  
Øygunn A. Utheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Function ◽  
Breakup Time

AbstractMeibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is the leading cause of dry eye and proposed treatments are based on disease severity. Our purpose was to establish reliable morphologic measurements of meibomian glands for evaluating MGD severity. This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 100 MGD patients and 20 controls. The patients were classified into dry eye severity level (DESL) 1–4 based on symptoms and clinical parameters including tear-film breakup time, ocular staining and Schirmer I. The gland loss, length, thickness, density and distortion were analyzed. We compared the morphology between patients and controls; examined their correlations to meibum expressibility, quality, and DESL. Relative to controls, the gland thickness, density and distortion were elevated in patients (p < 0.001 for all tests). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96–1.0) for gland loss, and 0.96 (CI 0.91–1.0) for gland distortion, with a cutoff value of six distorted glands yielding a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 97% for MGD diagnosis. The gland distortion was negatively correlated to the meibum expressibility (r = −0.53; p < 0.001) and DESL (r = −0.22, p = 0.018). In conclusion, evaluation of meibomian gland loss and distortion are valuable complementary clinical parameters to assess MGD status.

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