FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF LIPSTICK, ROUGE AND EYE SHADOW USING COLORED PIGMENT FROM THE EXTRACT OF PIPER BETEL AND ACACIA CATECHU

The present work was aimed to formulate various cosmetic formulations comprising of extract of Piper betel and Acacia catechu and limestone as a coloring agent to minimize the side effect(s) associated with the use of synthetic colorants. Different natural ingredients such as bees wax, carnauba wax, white soft paraffin, castor oil, strawberry essence, rice starch and lemon juice were used to formulate herbal lipstick, rouge, and eye shadow along with the extracted color. Different evaluation tests were carried out to evaluate the prepared formulations such as color, texture, pH, perfume stability, melting point, breaking point, softening point, surface anomalies, aging stability, thixotrophy and skin irritation test. The results of the evaluation tests revealed that melting point of the prepared lipstick formulation was in the range of 61-63oC. The breaking point of all the prepared lipstick formulations was in the range of 30 – 33 g. Force of application was noted to be good for all the formulations. Thixotrophy character was observed in the range of 9.2 ±0.3 to 9.6 ±0.1. Softening point was found to be in the range 52.33 to 60.330C. Eye shadow and rouge showed good adhesion property and proper color dispersion with melting point of 480C. Patch test on the volunteers showed no signs of skin irritation. The results of the study confirmed that the color extracted from Piper betel and Acacia catechu may prove to be an attractive option and act as a substitute for synthetic colorants in various cosmetic formulations.

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LYCOPENE AND BETANINS BASED HERBAL LIPSTICK

INDIAN DRUGS ◽

10.53879/id.56.04.11500 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (04) ◽

pp. 61-64

Author(s):

S Agarwal ◽

Vandana ◽

Himani Bajaj ◽

M Yadav ◽

R. Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Melting Point ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Human Health ◽

Softening Point ◽

Visual Inspection ◽

Breaking Point

Colouring the skin particularly skin of face or lips, is an ancient practice going back to prehistoric times. The use of such coloring products has increased and the choice of shades of colour, texture and luster have changed and become wider. The present study was aimed at formulation and evaluation of a lipstick using herbal colouring agent. Herbal word is a symbol of safety in contrast to synthetic one which can have adverse effects on human health. Various physicochemical properties such as visual inspection, pH, melting point, breaking point, softening point, surface anomalies and solubility were assessed using established techniques. All the parameters were found to be within acceptable limits.

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The Synergistic Effect of Temperature and Loading Rate on Deformation for Thermoplastic Fiber Metal Laminates

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14154210 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (15) ◽

pp. 4210

Author(s):

Kai Jin ◽

Shanyong Xuan ◽

Jie Tao ◽

Yujie Chen

Keyword(s):

Melting Point ◽

Softening Point ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Loading Rate ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Resin Matrix ◽

Tension Stress ◽

Fiber Metal Laminates ◽

Fiber Metal

The glass fiber reinforced polypropylene/AA2024 hybrid laminates (short for Al/Gf/PP laminates) as structural materials were prepared and formed by hot pressing. The synergistic effects of temperature and loading speed on the laminate deformation under tensile and bending conditions were investigated and analyzed in this study. In tension, stress–strain curves presented bimodal types effected by tensile rates and temperatures. The state of PP resin determines the mechanical behavior of the FMLs. The tensile rate has no effect on FML deformation without heating or over the melting point of PP resin (about 170 °C). The softening point of PP resin (about 100 °C) is characteristic temperature. When the temperature exceeds the softening point but does not reach the melting point, the tensile strength and elongation will demonstrate coordinated growth at a relatively high tensile speed. The efficiency of fiber bridging is affected significantly since the resin is the medium that transfers load from the metal to the fiber. Under bending, the curves presented a waterfall decrement with temperature increment. The softening point of resin matrix is the key in a bending process. When the temperature is near the softening point, deformation is sensitive to both the temperature and the loading speed to a certain extent. If temperature is lower than softening point, deformation is mainly guided by temperature. If the temperature is beyond the softening point, loading speed is in a leading position of deformation. The bending strength gradually increases with loading rate. By using these deformation characteristics, the deformation of the thermoplastic laminates can be controlled in stamping or other plastic forming processes for thermoplastic fiber metal laminates.

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Me-too validation study for in vitro skin irritation test with a reconstructed human epidermis model, KeraSkin™ for OECD test guideline 439

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104725 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 117 ◽

pp. 104725

Author(s):

Juhee Han ◽

Seolyeong Kim ◽

Su-Hyun Lee ◽

Jin-Sik Kim ◽

Yu Jin Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Validation Study ◽

Skin Irritation ◽

Human Epidermis ◽

Reconstructed Human Epidermis ◽

Irritation Test ◽

Skin Irritation Test ◽

Test Guideline ◽

Oecd Test Guideline

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Amended Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Cocamide DEA

Journal of the American College of Toxicology ◽

10.3109/10915819609008729 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 527-542 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Keyword(s):

Expert Panel ◽

Present Report ◽

Skin Irritation ◽

Surfactant Solution ◽

Nitroso Compounds ◽

Final Report ◽

Test Substance ◽

Cosmetic Products ◽

Patch Tests ◽

Skin Irritation Test

Cocamide DEA is a mixture of ethanolamides of Coconut Acid that is used as a surfactant-foam booster and viscosity-increasing agent-aqueous in cosmetic products. Production formulation data submitted to the Food and Drug Administration in 1994 indicated that this ingredient was used in 745 products. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel had previously evaluated the safety of Cocamide DEA, Lauramide DEA, Linoleamide DEA, and Oleamide DEA in cosmetics and concluded that they were safe as cosmetic ingredients at the concentrations that were currently being used (50%). CIR's decision to reevaluate the safety of Cocamide DEA in cosmetics is based on occupational studies indicating that this ingredient may have sensitization potential; however, the Expert Panel has determined that these studies are not relevant to cosmetic use. Furthermore, the Panel agreed that its original conclusion on Cocamide DEA should be clarified relative to use of this ingredient in rinse-off and leave-on products. Clarification of the original conclusion is based on the results of a skin irritation test in which 15 volunteers were tested with a surfactant solution containing 10% Cocamide DEA, the highest concentration tested in predictive patch tests. Additional comments that were made during the Panel's review of other data in the present report include that the severe ocular irritation reactions induced by a chemical (p H 9–10.5) containing >64% Cocamide DEA were likely a result of p H; that the renal effects noted in Fischer 344 rats in the National Toxicology Program (NTP) subchronic dermal toxicity study may be species-related and not test substance-related; and with reference to an ongoing NTP two-year chronic study that was initiated in 1993, that the results will be reviewed when the study is available. On the basis of the animal and clinical data presented in the present report, the Expert Panel concluded that Cocamide DEA is safe as used in rinse-off products and safe at concentrations 10% in leave-on cosmetic products. It was also concluded that Cocamide DEA should not be used as an ingredient in cosmetic products in which N-nitroso compounds are formed.

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Studies on the Combined Use of Some Different Organic Accelerators. IV. Diphenylguanidine and Dibenzothiazole Disulfide

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3548040 ◽

1934 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 648-656 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Itiro Aoe ◽

Hirosi Yokosima

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Melting Point ◽

Softening Point ◽

Eutectic Mixture ◽

Molecular Compound ◽

Combined Use ◽

Point Curve

Abstract 1. Diphenylguanidine and dibenzothiazole disulfide do not form a molecular compound or eutectic mixture, as judged by their melting and softening point curve. 2. The effects of scorching were studied by the use of various proportions of diphenylguanidine and dibenzothiazole disulfide; the maximum scorching was found with the mixture which had the lowest melting point in the curve. 3. These proportions were also studied for their vulcanizing power. 4. Diphenylguanidine and dibenzothiazole disulfide form a molecular compound through the medium of hydrogen sulfide. 5. This molecular compound was prepared and tested for its vulcanizing properties.

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Pre-validation of an in vitro skin irritation test for medical devices using the reconstructed human tissue model EpiDerm™

Toxicology in Vitro ◽

10.1016/j.tiv.2018.02.007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 ◽

pp. 407-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Helena Kandarova ◽

Jamin A. Willoughby ◽

Wim H. De Jong ◽

Silvia Letasiova ◽

Tatiana Milasova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Devices ◽

Human Tissue ◽

Skin Irritation ◽

Tissue Model ◽

Irritation Test ◽

Skin Irritation Test

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Development of Lidocaine-Loaded Dissolving Microneedle for Rapid and Efficient Local Anesthesia

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics12111067 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 1067

Author(s):

Huisuk Yang ◽

Geonwoo Kang ◽

Mingyu Jang ◽

Daniel Junmin Um ◽

Jiwoo Shin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Local Anesthesia ◽

Local Anesthetic ◽

Clinical Performance ◽

Skin Irritation ◽

Onset Time ◽

Fast Onset ◽

Limit Test ◽

Skin Irritation Test ◽

Administration Methods

Lidocaine is a local anesthetic agent used in the form of injection and topical cream. However, these formulation types have limitations of being either painful or slow-acting, thereby hindering effective and complete clinical performance of lidocaine. Dissolving microneedles (DMNs) are used to overcome these limitations owing to their fast onset time and minimally invasive administration methods. Using hyaluronic acid and lidocaine to produce the drug solution, a lidocaine HCl encapsulated DMN (Li-DMN) was fabricated by centrifugal lithography. The drug delivery rate and local anesthetic quality of Li-DMNs were evaluated using the pig cadaver insertion test and Von Frey behavior test. Results showed that Li-DMNs could deliver sufficient lidocaine for anesthesia that is required to be utilized for clinical level. Results from the von Frey test showed that the anesthetic effect of Li-DMNs was observed within 10 min after administration, thus confirming fast onset time. A toxicity test for appropriate clinical application standard was conducted with a microbial limit test and an animal skin irritation test, showing absence of skin irritation and irritation-related microorganisms. Overall, Li-DMN is a possible alternative drug delivery method for local anesthesia, meeting the requirements for clinical conditions and overcoming the drawbacks of other conventional lidocaine administration methods.

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